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Anatomy > Chapter 13 Digestion part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Digestion part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

break up food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed

A

digestive system

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2
Q

physical break up by chewing, mixing, churning

A

mechanical digestion

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3
Q

enzymatic break up of material

A

chemical digestion

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4
Q

transport of material across gut wall into bloodstream

A

absorption

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5
Q

ball of food that is swallowed

A

bolus

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6
Q

continuous tube from mouth opening to anus/cloaca

A

digestive tract

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7
Q

three subdivisions of digestive tract

A

buccal cavity
pharynx
alimentary canal

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8
Q

chamber receiving alimentary canal and urogenital products

A

cloaca

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9
Q

opening separate for digestive tract

A

anus

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10
Q

examples of accessory digestive glands

A

salivary glands, pancreas, liver

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11
Q

oral opening to palatoglossal arch or fauces

A

buccal cavity

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12
Q

buccal cavity features

A

teeth
tongue
palate
cheeks

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13
Q

roof of buccal cavity

A

palate

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14
Q

fishes primary palate

A

ceiling with no openings

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15
Q

tetrapod primary palate

A

nasal passage openings

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16
Q

anterior secondary palate

A

hard palate

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17
Q

posterior secondary palate (mammals)

A

soft/fleshy palate

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18
Q

characteristics of teeth

A

unique to vertebrates
enamel capped
epidermal and meschymal contribution to form teeth
homology with denticles/scales of primitive fish

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19
Q

above gingiva

A

crown of tooth

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20
Q

below gingiva

A

base of tooth

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21
Q

base in socket/aveolus

A

root

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22
Q

site of blood vessels and nerves

A

apical foramen

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23
Q

hard, crown surface, and ameloblasts

A

enamel

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24
Q

under enamel/centenum

A

dentin

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25
Q

dentin is formed from

A

odontoblasts

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26
Q

root surface which has annular growth

A

cementum

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27
Q

connects root to aveolar bone of socket

A

periodontal ligament

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28
Q

all teeth same

A

homodont

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29
Q

teeth are different

A

herterodont

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30
Q

who doesn’t have teeth

A

birds and turtles

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31
Q

teeth continuously replaced through life

A

polyphyodont

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32
Q

2 sets of teeth in life

A

diphyodont

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33
Q

what are flat teeth good for

A

crushing/grinding plant material or animals with shells

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34
Q

teeth for cutting flesh

A

blade like edges and serrations on edges

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35
Q

salamander larvae have what kind of teeth

A

cone shaped teeth

36
Q

salamander adults have what kind of teeth

A

2-cusp teeth

37
Q

some snakes and sharks have

A

reverse -curve teeth

38
Q

hollow teeth modified for venom delivery

A

fangs

39
Q

four types of teeth mammals have

A

incisors
canines
premolars
molars

40
Q

incisors

A

cut

41
Q

canines

A

puncture/ hold

42
Q

premolars

A

grind/crush

43
Q

molars

A

grind/crush

44
Q

low crown

A

brachyodont

45
Q

high crown

A

hypsodont

46
Q

rounded cusps

A

bunodont

47
Q

straight-ridges cusps

A

lophodont

48
Q

crescent-shaped cusps

A

selenodont

49
Q

specialized teeth for show/ territory defending/ attracting mates

A

tusks

50
Q

tongue of lamprey/hagfish

A

from pharynx floor with keratinized teeth for rasping

51
Q

fish tongues

A

lack muscular tongue

52
Q

tetrapods tongue

A

mobile, hypobrachial origin, attached to hyoid apparatus

53
Q

protract sticky tongue to capture prey

A

lingual feeding

54
Q

embryonically pharyngeal pouches off lateral pharynx wall give rise to

A

thymus
parathyroid
tonsils
ultimobrachial gland

55
Q

regions of alimentary canal

A

esophagus
stomach
intestine
cloaca/anus

56
Q

4 layers of all regions of alimentary canals

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

57
Q

inner layer made with epithelial lining and lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

A

mucosa

58
Q

loose connective tissue layer that can have many things in it including nerve cells

A

submucosa

59
Q

circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers

A

muscularis externa

60
Q

outer connective tissue layer

A

adventitia

61
Q

gut lining epithelium embryonic origin

A

endoderm

62
Q

smooth muscle, connective tissue embryonic origin

A

mesoderm

63
Q

connects pharynx and stomach

A

esophagus

64
Q

characteristics of esophagus

A

peristalsis
mucus secretion to aid food passage
stratified epithelium
smooth muscle posterior and skeletal muscle anterior

65
Q

sites of temporary food storage along esophagus

A

crop

66
Q

expanded segment posterior to esophagus

A

stomach

67
Q

characteristics of stomach

A

food storage
food processing/disgestion
absorption

68
Q

what can the stomach absorb

A

water
ions
vitamins
short chain fatty acids

69
Q

internal lining folds of stomach

A

rugae

70
Q

three regions of stomach

A

cardiac region
fundic region
pyloric region

71
Q

at junction with esophagus

A

cardiac region

72
Q

largest area of stomach

A

fundic region

73
Q

parietal cells secrete

A

HCl

74
Q

chief cells secrete

A 
pepsinogen (inactive)
becomes pepsin (active)
75
Q

at junction with intestine

A

pyloric region

76
Q

intestinal glands

A

crypts

77
Q

folds in mucosa of small intestine

A

plicae circularis

78
Q

projections of mucosa of small intestine

A

villi

79
Q

there can be three defined regions of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ilium

80
Q

shorter thicker region of intestine

A

large intestine

81
Q

moves material along, mixes material

A

peristalisis

82
Q

assists movement protects lining

A

mucus secretion

83
Q

digestive enzymes from intestinal glands

A

intestinal juice

84
Q

from duodenal glands to neutralize acidic chime from stomach

A

bicarbonate secretions

85
Q

from pancreas via duct to duodenum providing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

A

pancreatic juice

86
Q

from liver/gall bladder and aids in fat digestion

A

bile

87
Q

areas of immune/ defense structures

A

MALT, peyer’s patches, intestinal flora

Anatomy (18 decks)

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