Positioning and anatomy basics Flashcards by julianna marsh

Ventral decubitus

patient laying on their stomach
*use this for a double contrast barium enema for the rectum.

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Dorsal decubitus

laying on their back
*to determine if their is an aortic aneurysm

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left lateral decubitus

laying on their left side

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Right lateral decubitus

laying on their right side

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For a left lateral decub chest x ray what do you use it for?

-For right pneumothorax
-For left pleural effusion
*Air raises, fluid goes down!

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Compression fracture

happens in vertebrae

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Open fracture or also known as compound

Broken through the skin

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Simple fracture

Fracture is in 2 pieces

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Greenstick

Incomplete fracture and found in children
-the bone bends/ cracks instead of breaking into separate pieces

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Transverse fracture

breaks across the bone

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Comminuted fracture

More than 2 fracture fragments

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Impacted fracture

broken ends of the bones are jammed together by a force of injury

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Smith’s fracture

Fracture of distal radius
-falling on a out stretched arm(inward)

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Colle’s fracture

Dorsal displacement causing the bone fragment to bend towards the back of the hand.
-Falling onto outward stretched hand

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Pathologic fracture

Occurs as a result of disease such as cancer.
-Eats away at the bone

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Bimalleolar fracture

-On the ankle
-2 fractures

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Trimalleolar fracture

-On ankle
-3 fractures

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Boxer’s fracture

-Fracture of the 5th metacarpal near the head
-Happens when you punch things

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How many bones does the Axial skeleton have?

80 bones
-Head, spine, thorax and ribs

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How many bones does the Appendicular skeleton have?

126 bones
-shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, clavicle and extremities

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Long bones

-Humerus
-Radius
-Ulna
-Femur
-Tib/Fib
-Metacarpals
-Clavicle

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Short bones

-carpals (8)
-tarsals (7)
-patella

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Irregular bones

-Vertebrae
-Symphysis pubis

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Superior

Toward the head

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Inferior

Toward the feet

Distal

Away from the point of attachment

Proximal

Towards the point of attachment

Dorsal

Towards the back

Ventral

Towards the front

Body planes

1. Sagittal- divides the body for right & left halves 2. Frontal (coronal)-divides body into front & back 3. Transverse(axial)- divides body into upper & lower

4 quadrants in the abdomen

1.)RUQ 2.)LUQ 3.)RLQ 4.)LLQ

Nine regions in the abdomen

1.)right hypochondriac 2.)epigastric region 3.)left hypochondriac region 4.)right lateral 5.)umbilical 6.)left lateral 7.)right iliac (inguinal) 8.)hypogastric 9.)left iliac (inguinal

4 different types of Body Habitus

1.)hypersthentic- 5 % massive 2.)Sthenic-50% average 3.)Hyposthentic-35% slender 4.)Asthenic-10% very slender

Addisons planes

lines that separate the abdomen regions

Diploe

The spongy cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical bone of the skull

Epiphysis

Growth plates -secondary cite for ostification

Metaphysis

-located between the epiphysis and diaphysis

Diaphysis

primary center for ossification -shaft

what does radiographic view mean?

describes the body part as seen by the image receptor. Restricted to the discussion of a radiograph or image

what is radiographic position mean?

refers to a specific body position, such as supine, prone, recumbent, erect, trendelenbrug. Restricted to the discussion of the patients physical position.

what is radiographic projection?

Restricted to the discussion of the path of the central ray.

Conditions that require a decrease in technical factors?

-old age -pneumothorax -emphysema -emaciation -degenerative arthritis -atrophy

conditions that require an increase in technical factors?

-pneumonia -pleural effusion -hydrocephalus -enlarged heart -edema -ascites

decubitus

lying down with a horizontal x-ray beam

recumbent

laying down, in any position

Mastoid tip

C2, C3

Gonion angle

C3,C4

Hyoid bone

Thyroid cartilage

C7,T1 what you can feel on the back of your neck **

Vertebra prominens

Approximately 2inches(5cm) above level of jugular notch

T2,T3

Level of jugular notch

T4,T5

Level of sternal angle

Level of inferior angles of scapulae

T9, T10

Level of xiphoid process

L2,L3

Inferior costal margin

L4,L5

Level of superior-most aspect of iliac crests

S1,S2

Level of anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Coccyx

Level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters

Avulsion fracture

chip or peice away from main bone

Apple core appearance

colon cancer -napkin ring -see in a BE

Paget's disease

ostetis deformans skull or cotton wool apperance

Popliteal

behind knee

Jones fracture

5th metatarsal base

what gland is in the sella turica

The pituitary gland which is the master gland because it monitors and regulates many bodily functions through hormones

Flow of the heart (think of acronym)

IN: inferior vena cava SOME: superior vena cava REALLY: right atrium TRENDY: tricuspid valve RESORTS: right ventricle PEOPLE: pulmonary valve PLAY: pulmonary artery LOUD: left atrium PERFECT: pulmonary vein LULLABIES: left ventricle MAKING: mitral valve ( bicuspid valve) LADS: left ventricle AND: aortic valve ADULTS: aorta SLEEP: systemic circulation