Positioning and anatomy basics Flashcards
Ventral decubitus
patient laying on their stomach
*use this for a double contrast barium enema for the rectum.
Dorsal decubitus
laying on their back
*to determine if their is an aortic aneurysm
left lateral decubitus
laying on their left side
Right lateral decubitus
laying on their right side
For a left lateral decub chest x ray what do you use it for?
-For right pneumothorax
-For left pleural effusion
*Air raises, fluid goes down!
Compression fracture
happens in vertebrae
Open fracture or also known as compound
Broken through the skin
Simple fracture
Fracture is in 2 pieces
Greenstick
Incomplete fracture and found in children
-the bone bends/ cracks instead of breaking into separate pieces
Transverse fracture
breaks across the bone
Comminuted fracture
More than 2 fracture fragments
Impacted fracture
broken ends of the bones are jammed together by a force of injury
Smith’s fracture
Fracture of distal radius
-falling on a out stretched arm(inward)
Colle’s fracture
Dorsal displacement causing the bone fragment to bend towards the back of the hand.
-Falling onto outward stretched hand
Pathologic fracture
Occurs as a result of disease such as cancer.
-Eats away at the bone
Bimalleolar fracture
-On the ankle
-2 fractures
Trimalleolar fracture
-On ankle
-3 fractures
Boxer’s fracture
-Fracture of the 5th metacarpal near the head
-Happens when you punch things
How many bones does the Axial skeleton have?
80 bones
-Head, spine, thorax and ribs
How many bones does the Appendicular skeleton have?
126 bones
-shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, clavicle and extremities
Long bones
-Humerus
-Radius
-Ulna
-Femur
-Tib/Fib
-Metacarpals
-Clavicle
Short bones
-carpals (8)
-tarsals (7)
-patella
Irregular bones
-Vertebrae
-Symphysis pubis
Superior
Toward the head
Inferior
Toward the feet
Distal
Away from the point of attachment
Proximal
Towards the point of attachment
Dorsal
Towards the back
Ventral
Towards the front
Body planes
- Sagittal- divides the body for right & left halves
- Frontal (coronal)-divides body into front & back
- Transverse(axial)- divides body into upper & lower
4 quadrants in the abdomen
1.)RUQ
2.)LUQ
3.)RLQ
4.)LLQ
Nine regions in the abdomen
1.)right hypochondriac
2.)epigastric region
3.)left hypochondriac region
4.)right lateral
5.)umbilical
6.)left lateral
7.)right iliac (inguinal)
8.)hypogastric
9.)left iliac (inguinal
4 different types of Body Habitus
1.)hypersthentic- 5 % massive
2.)Sthenic-50% average
3.)Hyposthentic-35% slender
4.)Asthenic-10% very slender
Addisons planes
lines that separate the abdomen regions
Diploe
The spongy cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical bone of the skull
Epiphysis
Growth plates
-secondary cite for ostification
Metaphysis
-located between the epiphysis and diaphysis
Diaphysis
primary center for ossification
-shaft
what does radiographic view mean?
describes the body part as seen by the image receptor. Restricted to the discussion of a radiograph or image
what is radiographic position mean?
refers to a specific body position, such as supine, prone, recumbent, erect, trendelenbrug. Restricted to the discussion of the patients physical position.
what is radiographic projection?
Restricted to the discussion of the path of the central ray.
Conditions that require a decrease in technical factors?
-old age
-pneumothorax
-emphysema
-emaciation
-degenerative arthritis
-atrophy
conditions that require an increase in technical factors?
-pneumonia
-pleural effusion
-hydrocephalus
-enlarged heart
-edema
-ascites
decubitus
lying down with a horizontal x-ray beam
recumbent
laying down, in any position
C1
Mastoid tip
C2, C3
Gonion angle
C3,C4
Hyoid bone
C5
Thyroid cartilage
C7,T1
what you can feel on the back of your neck **
Vertebra prominens
T1
Approximately 2inches(5cm) above level of jugular notch
T2,T3
Level of jugular notch
T4,T5
Level of sternal angle
T7
Level of inferior angles of scapulae
T9, T10
Level of xiphoid process
L2,L3
Inferior costal margin
L4,L5
Level of superior-most aspect of iliac crests
S1,S2
Level of anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Coccyx
Level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters
Avulsion fracture
chip or peice away from main bone
Apple core appearance
colon cancer
-napkin ring
-see in a BE
Paget’s disease
ostetis deformans
skull or cotton wool apperance
Popliteal
behind knee
Jones fracture
5th metatarsal base
what gland is in the sella turica
The pituitary gland
which is the master gland because it monitors and regulates many bodily functions through hormones
Flow of the heart (think of acronym) 
IN: inferior vena cava
SOME: superior vena cava
REALLY: right atrium
TRENDY: tricuspid valve
RESORTS: right ventricle
PEOPLE: pulmonary valve
PLAY: pulmonary artery
LOUD: left atrium
PERFECT: pulmonary vein
LULLABIES: left ventricle
MAKING: mitral valve ( bicuspid valve)
LADS: left ventricle
AND: aortic valve
ADULTS: aorta
SLEEP: systemic circulation