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arrt prep > Positioning and anatomy basics > Flashcards

Positioning and anatomy basics Flashcards

1
Q

Ventral decubitus

A

patient laying on their stomach
*use this for a double contrast barium enema for the rectum.

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2
Q

Dorsal decubitus

A

laying on their back
*to determine if their is an aortic aneurysm

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3
Q

left lateral decubitus

A

laying on their left side

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4
Q

Right lateral decubitus

A

laying on their right side

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5
Q

For a left lateral decub chest x ray what do you use it for?

A

-For right pneumothorax
-For left pleural effusion
*Air raises, fluid goes down!

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6
Q

Compression fracture

A

happens in vertebrae

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7
Q

Open fracture or also known as compound

A

Broken through the skin

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8
Q

Simple fracture

A

Fracture is in 2 pieces

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9
Q

Greenstick

A

Incomplete fracture and found in children
-the bone bends/ cracks instead of breaking into separate pieces

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10
Q

Transverse fracture

A

breaks across the bone

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11
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

More than 2 fracture fragments

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12
Q

Impacted fracture

A

broken ends of the bones are jammed together by a force of injury

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13
Q

Smith’s fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius
-falling on a out stretched arm(inward)

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14
Q

Colle’s fracture

A

Dorsal displacement causing the bone fragment to bend towards the back of the hand.
-Falling onto outward stretched hand

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15
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

Occurs as a result of disease such as cancer.
-Eats away at the bone

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16
Q

Bimalleolar fracture

A

-On the ankle
-2 fractures

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17
Q

Trimalleolar fracture

A

-On ankle
-3 fractures

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18
Q

Boxer’s fracture

A

-Fracture of the 5th metacarpal near the head
-Happens when you punch things

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19
Q

How many bones does the Axial skeleton have?

A

80 bones
-Head, spine, thorax and ribs

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20
Q

How many bones does the Appendicular skeleton have?

A

126 bones
-shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, clavicle and extremities

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21
Q

Long bones

A

-Humerus
-Radius
-Ulna
-Femur
-Tib/Fib
-Metacarpals
-Clavicle

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22
Q

Short bones

A

-carpals (8)
-tarsals (7)
-patella

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23
Q

Irregular bones

A

-Vertebrae
-Symphysis pubis

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24
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head

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25
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet

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26
Q

Distal

A

Away from the point of attachment

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27
Q

Proximal

A

Towards the point of attachment

28
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back

29
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the front

30
Q

Body planes

A
  1. Sagittal- divides the body for right & left halves
  2. Frontal (coronal)-divides body into front & back
  3. Transverse(axial)- divides body into upper & lower
31
Q

4 quadrants in the abdomen

A

1.)RUQ
2.)LUQ
3.)RLQ
4.)LLQ

32
Q

Nine regions in the abdomen

A

1.)right hypochondriac
2.)epigastric region
3.)left hypochondriac region
4.)right lateral
5.)umbilical
6.)left lateral
7.)right iliac (inguinal)
8.)hypogastric
9.)left iliac (inguinal

33
Q

4 different types of Body Habitus

A

1.)hypersthentic- 5 % massive
2.)Sthenic-50% average
3.)Hyposthentic-35% slender
4.)Asthenic-10% very slender

34
Q

Addisons planes

A

lines that separate the abdomen regions

35
Q

Diploe

A

The spongy cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical bone of the skull

36
Q

Epiphysis

A

Growth plates
-secondary cite for ostification

37
Q

Metaphysis

A

-located between the epiphysis and diaphysis

38
Q

Diaphysis

A

primary center for ossification
-shaft

39
Q

what does radiographic view mean?

A

describes the body part as seen by the image receptor. Restricted to the discussion of a radiograph or image

40
Q

what is radiographic position mean?

A

refers to a specific body position, such as supine, prone, recumbent, erect, trendelenbrug. Restricted to the discussion of the patients physical position.

41
Q

what is radiographic projection?

A

Restricted to the discussion of the path of the central ray.

42
Q

Conditions that require a decrease in technical factors?

A

-old age
-pneumothorax
-emphysema
-emaciation
-degenerative arthritis
-atrophy

43
Q

conditions that require an increase in technical factors?

A

-pneumonia
-pleural effusion
-hydrocephalus
-enlarged heart
-edema
-ascites

44
Q

decubitus

A

lying down with a horizontal x-ray beam

45
Q

recumbent

A

laying down, in any position

46
Q

C1

A

Mastoid tip

47
Q

C2, C3

A

Gonion angle

48
Q

C3,C4

A

Hyoid bone

49
Q

C5

A

Thyroid cartilage

50
Q

C7,T1
what you can feel on the back of your neck **

A

Vertebra prominens

51
Q

T1

A

Approximately 2inches(5cm) above level of jugular notch

52
Q

T2,T3

A

Level of jugular notch

53
Q

T4,T5

A

Level of sternal angle

54
Q

T7

A

Level of inferior angles of scapulae

55
Q

T9, T10

A

Level of xiphoid process

56
Q

L2,L3

A

Inferior costal margin

57
Q

L4,L5

A

Level of superior-most aspect of iliac crests

58
Q

S1,S2

A

Level of anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

59
Q

Coccyx

A

Level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters

60
Q

Avulsion fracture

A

chip or peice away from main bone

61
Q

Apple core appearance

A

colon cancer
-napkin ring
-see in a BE

62
Q

Paget’s disease

A

ostetis deformans
skull or cotton wool apperance

63
Q

Popliteal

A

behind knee

64
Q

Jones fracture

A

5th metatarsal base

65
Q

what gland is in the sella turica

A

The pituitary gland
which is the master gland because it monitors and regulates many bodily functions through hormones

66
Q

Flow of the heart (think of acronym) 

A

IN: inferior vena cava
SOME: superior vena cava
REALLY: right atrium
TRENDY: tricuspid valve
RESORTS: right ventricle
PEOPLE: pulmonary valve
PLAY: pulmonary artery
LOUD: left atrium
PERFECT: pulmonary vein
LULLABIES: left ventricle
MAKING: mitral valve ( bicuspid valve)
LADS: left ventricle
AND: aortic valve
ADULTS: aorta
SLEEP: systemic circulation

arrt prep (24 decks)

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