Ergonomics and Monitoring & medical emergencies; Patient care Flashcards
which side should you use to transfer the pt?
always transfer toward the patients strong side
What do you do to Equipment during or before transfers
-Make sure to lock wheels, raise rails
Proper body mechanics when doing patient transfers or lifts
-wide base
-feet apart
-balanced
-back straight
-don’t twist
-knees bent
-Better to push a heavy object rather then pull!
Log rolling
3-5 people
-the person at the patients head is the charge of the log roll
Slider board
-Can be used if a patient is not able to use their legs to complete a transfer between surfaces or if a standing transfer is not safe to perform
Transfer board
It is typically a flat, rigid board made of wood or plastic. It’s used to bridge two surfaces
Hoyer lift
Used to assist patients who need 90-100% ASSISTANCE
-Always keep patient facing the attendant operating the lifter
Gait belt
if the individual has a weak side, make sure to use his or her stronger side facing the destination
-stand as close to the individual as possible
-stand in front keeping your back straight, your knees slightly bent and your feet in a wide stance
-hold the individuals waist and lean forward and grasp the gait belt on both sides
Assisting patients with medical equipment
-Chest tube: below the level of the patient’s chest
Urinary catheter: Below the level of the patients bladder
IV-should be kept 18-24inches (45-60cm) above the vein
Tracheotomy
A tracheotomy is a surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the front of the neck and a breathing tube is placed into the trachea, also called the windpipe. The tube that is placed into the trachea is called a tracheotomy tube.
Tracheostomy
a hole that surgeons make through the front of the neck and into the windpipe (trachea). A tracheostomy tube is placed into the hole to keep it open for breathing. The term for the surgical procedure to create this opening is tracheotomy.
Nasogastric tube
A tube that goes in the nose and down the stomach
-used for nutrition or administering medicine
-used temporarily a weeks or a month not long term
-sucking out excess fluids out of the stomach
-gastric decompression
Nasojejunal tube
small tube that is passed through the nose and into the small bowel to feed children who cannot get enough nutrients by eating.
Oxygen Delivery rules
-Oxygen can’t be given to a patient without a doctor’s order
-02 Therapy 1-6 L/min
Nasal Cannula
two prong devices in the nostrils
Nasal Catheter
Catheter inserted into nostril and reaches oral pharynx
Face mask
Places over nose and mouth
Oxygen Tent
Used for pediatric patients who need a high concentration of oxygen
Ventilator
Respiratory failure
Sphygmomanometer
measures patients blood pressure
Stethoscope
Auscultation or listening device
Blood pressure
120/80
120= sysatolic contracting
80= diastolic relaxing
Hypertensive
High blood pressure
120-129
-a diastolic pressure less than 80
Hypotensive
Low blood pressure
lower than 90/60mmHg
Normal Pulse for adults
60-100 bpm
normal pulse for children
90-100 bpm
normal pulse for infants
80-120 bpm
Tachycardia
fast heart rhythm
-above 100 bpm
Bradycardia
slow heart rhythm
-below 60 bpm
Low blood pressure symptoms
-dizzness/ lightheaded
-blurred vision
-fainting (syncope)
-fatigue
-rapid shallow breathing
-dehydration
High blood pressure symptoms
-diffculty breathing
-chest pain
-irregular heartbeat
-blood in urine
-vision problems
Normal respiration for adults
12-20 breaths per/min
Normal respiration for children
30-60 breaths per/ min
Average temperature for oral
98.6 F
Average temperature for rectal
99.6 F
most accurate
Average temperature for axillary
97.6 F
Pulse location for a conscious adult
radial wrist
Pulse location for a unconscious adult
Carotid
Pulse location for a Infant
Brachial
Tachypnea
fast breathing
Bradypnea
Slow breathing
Apnea
slow or stopped breathing
Blood flow through the heart;
Try before you buy
1.)Incoming blood from body(veins)
2.)superior and inferior vena cava
3.)Right atrium
4.)tricuspid valve
5.)Right ventricle
6.)Pulmonary semilunar valve
7.)Pulmonary artery
8.)lungs
9.)pulmonary veins
10.)left atrium
11.)Bicuspid valve
12.)left ventricle
13.)Aortic semilunar valve
14.) Aorta
15.)Outgoing blood to body (arteries)
Stroke
-loss of motor control
-speech impairment
-loss of consciousness possible
-facial drup
-FAST= face/arm/speech/time
Cervical Injuries
-Stabilize neck
-log roll
-RT’s can’t remove c collars
Long bone fractures
Support the limb above and below the joint
Quadriplegia
4 limbs paralysis
Paraplegia
legs
Hemiplegia
1 side
Incident reports
-truthful
-objective
-do it as soon as possible
-document
sequence of exams
- all radiographic exams not requiring contrast media first
- lab studies for iodine uptake
- radiographic exams of the urniary tract
4.exams of biliary tract
5.any CT exams prior before barium
6.lower GI before upper - Upper GI series after BE
What patients should be schedule early for exams
-pediatrics
-geriatrics
-diabetic patients because of the need for insulin
-NPO patients
Latex reaction
-Minor= Urticaria(hives)
-Severe= anaphylaxis
-checks supplies and ask about latex allergies
Cardiac/ Respiratory Arrest
-CAB= compressions, airway, breathing. (use a ambu bag)
-30 chest compressions, 2 breaths
-AED= Automated external defibrillator is used to help those experiencing sudden cardiac arrest
If a patient has a head injury….
Immobilize until cervical injury is ruled out
Dressings go into
contaminated disposal
Syncope
Fainting
-put patient trendelberg feet above head
Hyperglycemia
High blood glucose happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can’t use insulin properly.
-too much sugar
Hypoglycemia
a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range.
“cold and clammy give them candy”
Seizure
petit seizure- no long term problems, typically blank out and stare into space
grand mal seizure-loss of consciousness, muscle contraction
Epistaxis
Noseblees
Vertigo
dizzy
Asthma dsypnea
difficulty breathing
Orthostatic hypertension
happens when you go from recumbent to upright
What kind of tube is likely to be used in cases of pleural effusion, pneumothorax or hemothorax?
Chest tube (thoracostomy tube)
Large gauge needles have a _____ bore; the part of the needle attached to the syringe is the ______.
smaller; hub
The term that refers to medication or contrast medium leaked from a vein, or inadvertently introduced into tissues outside a vein, is ______; the term referring to the diffusion of injected material into adjacent tissues is ______
extravasation; infiltration
How many doses of injectable medication are contained in an ampoule?
One
after a pace maker is inserted avoided
lifting the patients left arm for 24 hr
diabetic coma symtoms
fruity smelling breath
dry skin
