fluoro equipment Flashcards
Stationary fluoroscopy is what?
fluoroscopy room 
Mobile fluoroscopy is what? 
C- arm
with fluoro we don’t set the kvp or mas we use
automatic brightness control
-it regulates the KVP antennae for fluoroscopy, depending on the part being examined
maximum mA station for fluoroscopy
is 5 mA
Image intensifier in order 
- input phosphor
- Photo cathode
- Electrostatic lenses
- Anode
- Output
where is the image intensifier? 
in a stationary fluoroscopy room, it is above the patient

input phosphor
Made of cesium iodide
-takes remanent beam and converts x-ray photons into light photons
photo cathode
takes the light photons and convert them into electrons
-photo omission= emitting electrons from light source
-made of alloy of antimony compounds and cesium
electrostatic lenses
Focuses the electrons toward the anode 
anode
doughnut, shaped hole in the middle, -accelerates the electrons to send to output, phosphor
- made of tungsten
output phosphor
-Made of zinc cadmium sulfide
Converts the electrons into light photons 
Charge coupled device
- Converts light back to electrical signal, -collects electrical signal and send it to the ADC
-2 jobs!
analog to digital converter (ADC)
converts to digital signal 
Monitor
See image on the monitor screen 
in CR, DR and image intensifier
it is never converted back into x-ray photons don’t pick that answer!!!!!
Magnification mode
increases magnification electronically results in a smaller field of view
-decreased input phosphor size, - increases spatial, resolution, and contrast and increases Patient dose
-smaller input size = increased dose
15 cm phosphor size = increases dose
23 cm phosphor size= decrease dose
mag 1, mag 2, mag 3
mag 3 would increase the pt dose the most!
Think about the II as the wall Bucky
Do you want to get the II as close to the patient as possible to reduce OID when using C arm
increasing the SID
Moving the patient away from the x-ray source closer to the II reduces dose
-Decreases magnification
-Decreases OID from II
the maximum mA station for fluoro is what
5 mA
flat panel dectectors indirect conversion 
X-rays exit the patient
-cesium iodide centiliter convert x-rays delight,
- amorphous silicon photodiode converts light two electrons
-TFT collects electrical signal 
errors with fluoro
- Pincushion artifact
- Vignetting
- S shape distortion
pincushion artifact
the loss of shape at the edges of the fluoro image
vignetting
is a reduction of an images brightness or saturation towards the periphery compared to the image center
* see the most questions about
-look for circle
S shape distortion
image in a fluoro system to distort with an “S” shape
what is intermittent fluoroscopy ? 
most radiologist are trying to control the fluoroscope intermittently that is keeping the x-rays on only a few seconds at a time long enough to view the area of Anatomy 
Removal of grid
The presence of grids in x-ray systems primarily increase the contrast and hence the image quality. However, they increase the dose to the patient and staff by a factor of two or more.
in pediatric cases, Removal of the grid has resulted in dose reduction of up to 1/3 to 1/2 with little or no loss in contrast an image quality.***
last image hold 
The last image is digitally frozen on the monitor after x-ray exposure is terminated. Last image old is dove saving feature by not taking a formal exposure.
-Think a screenshot.
electronic collimation 
modern systems have electronic call mission which overlays a collimator blade on the last image hold so that one can adjust field dimensions without exposing the patient
Eye with the plus sign on fluoro
boost which is high-dose exposure 
just eye symbol
is normal fluoro
pulse fluoro 
The x-ray beam is omitted as a series of short pulses, rather than continuously reduced frame rates post fluoroscopy can provide substantial dose savings.
-reduces pt dose!!!
-continuous increases it :(
source to skin distance (SSD)
source to scan distance is the distance between the tube and the patient during fluoroscopy.
what is the SSD for mobile fluoroscopy (c-arm)
12inch or 30 cm
* know both
* take lunch at 12:30 in the OR***
what is the SSD for stationary fluoroscopy? ( fluoro room)
15 inch
38 cm
in fluoro what angle should you be at when flouroing a patient? 
90 degrees
dead mean switch
is the exposure switch
x-rays are only generated when the operator actively pressed the switch when the operator releases the switch exposures are no longer generated
remote switch = mobile 6ft cord or 2 meters 
technologist protection, for fluoro
- Time
- Distance
- Shielding- dosimeter placing is outside of lead shield!!
keep the II close go the patient because
it reduces scatter
5 minute timer
Audible sound Will alert at five minutes 
lead curtain
.25 mm lead
-protects tech
buckey slot cover
.25 mm lead
-protects tech
In fluoro, what is the recommended lead apron and thyroid shield thickness?
.50 mm of lead
- try not to turn ur back
minimum lead thickness for a lead apron and thyroid shield
.25 mm of lead
adjust LUT
you can’t do that post processing!! only pre i believe double check.
- look out for that when taking exam!
