additive and destructive pathologies to know Flashcards
what is an additive disease?
a disease that causes body tissues to thicken, increase in atomic number, or increase in density, requiring an increase in technical factors to achieve proper IR exposure
what is an destructive disease?
a disease that causes the body tissues to thin, decrease in atomic number, or decrease in density, requiring a decrease in technical factors to achieve proper IR exposure
Atelectasis
partial or complete lung collapse due to blockage
-additive
Bronchiectasis
The walls of the bronchi are thickened from
inflammation and infection.
-additive
cardiomegaly
enlargement of heart
-additive
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Heart failure, failure to pump, fluid will collect in your lungs
-additive
Empyema
- a collection of pus in the pleural space
-additive
Pleural Effusion
- Fluid around the lung in the pleural space
-additive
Hemothorax
- Blood in the pleural space, resulting from trauma
-additive
Pneumonia
- Infection within the lung where air sacs fill with fluid or pus.
-additive
Pneumoconiosis
-a disease of the lungs due to inhalation of dust,
characterized by inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis.
-additive
Pneumonectomy
- removal of part or complete lung due to disease
-additive
Tuberculosis
- infection in the lungs with nodule growths
-additive
Emphysema -
Emphysema is a disease of the lungs that usually develops after
many years of smoking.
● The alveoli and lung tissue are destroyed.
● With this damage, the alveoli cannot support the bronchial tubes.
● The tubes collapse and cause an obstruction (a blockage), which traps air
inside the lungs
● Appearance = Over inflation
-destructive disease
Pneumothorax
the presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, pleural cavity.
-destructive
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
enlargement of the aorta. If bursts
severe bleeding occurs.
○ a weakening of an arterial wall that results in a bulge or balloon like
appearance
-additive
Ascites
- fluid builds up in your abdomen, usually as a result of liver disease.
-additive
Cirrhosis
- late stage of liver disease of the liver caused by hepatitis and chronic alcoholism
-additive
Nephrolithiasis
-kidney stone
-additive
Urolithiasis
-ureter or bladder stone
-additive
Cholelithiasis
-gall stones
-additive
Pancreatolithiasis
-pancreatic stones
-additive
bowel obstruction
- blockage in the intestines. Often from fibrous
tissue that is compressing the gut
-destructive
Volvulus
twisting of the intestines causing blockage
-destructive
Ileus
partial or complete blockage of small or large
intestine. Common after surgery.
-destructive
Intussusception
- bowel has “telescoped” into itself causing a
blockage.
“Slightly additive”
Pneumoperitoneum -
- Free air in the peritoneal cavity
-destructive
Hirschsprung’s disease
missing nerve cells in the muscles of part
or all of the large intestine, present at birth with swollen belly.
“Megacolon”
-destructive
Aerophagia
- repetitive or excessive air swallowing
-destructive
Acromegaly
Hormonal disorder that develops when your pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone
during adulthood. When you have too much growth hormone, your bones increase in size.
-additive
Hydrocephalus-
The buildup of fluid in the cavities (ventricles) deep within the brain. The excess fluid increases
the size of the ventricles and puts pressure on the brain.
-additive
Osteochondroma-
an overgrowth of cartilage and bone that happens at the end of the bone near the growth
plate. Non cancerous growth.
-additive
Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)
Characterized by abnormal cycle or process of bone destruction followed
by excessive bone growth and thickening. Bone will have a “cotton wool” appearance.
-additive
Sclerosis
- Stiffening of a tissue or anatomical structure
-additive
Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone)
- Bones are thicker and more hard/dense than normal, but brittle at the same time
-additive
Osteoporosis
Reduction in bone mass resulting in higher chance of fracture resulting from age
-destructive
Degenerative Arthritis
- most common. Characterized by natural loss of joint cartilage that is related to
but not caused by aging
-destructive
Osteomalacia (rickets)
Characterized by the softening of bones that results in insufficient mineralization. Can be caused by a decrease in absorption of either vitamin D or calcium
-destructive
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
brittle bone disease
-destructive
Multiple Myeloma
- Most common type of primary malignant bone tumor, “punched out appearance”
-destructive
Osteolytic Metastasis
-when metastatic cancer cells break down too much of the bone, making it very
weak.
-destructive
gout
-increase in uric acid production resulting in bone erosion.
-destructive
Carcinoma
-most common type of cancer. It begins in the epithelial tissue of the skin, or in the tissue that
lines internal organs, such as the liver or kidneys
-destructive
Aseptic Necrosis
-A condition in which there is a loss of blood flow to bone tissue, which causes the bone
to die
-destructive
Active Osteomyelitis
Bacterial bone infection that causes bone destruction and abscess formation
-destructive
Abscess
-a swollen area within body tissue,
containing an accumulation of pus.
-additive
edema
-additive
-Edema is swelling caused by excess fluid
trapped in your body’s tissues.
a. Pulmonary Edema - excess fluid in the lungs
tumors
- a swelling of a part of the body, generally
without inflammation, caused by an abnormal
growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant.
-additive
atrophy
-Muscle atrophy is the wasting
(thinning) or loss of muscle tissue.
-destructive
Emaciation
-destructive
abnormally thin or weak,
especially because of illness or a lack of food.
Anorexia Nervosa
- Anorexia is characterized
by a distorted body image, with an
unwarranted fear of being overweight.
-destructive
