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Important > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

1
Q

DOs of Azores
3

A

Pico
Biscoitos
Graciosa

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2
Q

The oldest port house

A

Kopke
1638

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3
Q

Macieira

A

created in 1885 and is the most consumed brandy in Portugal. It’s based on natural herbal extracts, smothered wine, oak and caramel extracts.

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4
Q

Minimum residual sugar for Port wines

A

17.5 g

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5
Q

DOPs of Acores
3

A

Biscoitos
Graciosa
Pico

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6
Q

On which island is Biscoitos DOP located?

A

Terceira

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7
Q

Colheita
Minimum aging

A

7 years

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8
Q

Late-Bottled-Vintage (LBV)
Minimum aging in oak

A

4 years

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9
Q

LBV Envelhicido em garrafa

A

additionally aged for 3 years in bottle

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10
Q

Garrafeira port

A

aged in cask for at least 4 years, maximum 8 years
with minimum 15 years of bottle maturing.

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11
Q

Saibro

A

Madeira decomposed red tufa

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12
Q

Cascalho

A

Madeira stony soil

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13
Q

Pedra molle

A

Madeira
an arenaceous soil, of decomposed yellow tufa

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14
Q

Massapes

A

Madeira
clay resulting from the decomposition of dark tufa

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15
Q

Fladgate Partnership, which owns the brands…

A

Taylor’s
Croft
Fonseca

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16
Q

Madeira soils
4

A
  • Saibro (decomposed red tufa)
  • Cascalho (stony soil)
  • Pedra molle (an arenaceous soil, of decomposed yellow tufa)
  • Massapes (clay resulting from the decomposition of dark tufa)
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17
Q

DOP Alentejo sub-regions
8

A

Portalegre
Borba
Évora
Redondo
Reguengos
Granja-Amareleja
Moura
Vidigueira

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18
Q

The only producer of Porto Garrafeira

A

Niepoort

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19
Q

Castelão

A

The most common red variety. It is often referred to as Periquita. It’s predominantly planted in the south. Can create wines with complex, herbaceous character or vinified into an easy drinking style.

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20
Q

Trincadeira

A

Also known as Tinta Amarela, it is difficult to grow, but does will in hot, dry areas like Alentejo and Tejo. Produces with with acidity and notes of blackberry, herbs and pepper.

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21
Q

Fernão Pires

A

(Also called Maria Gomes) is Portugal’s most widely planted white grape.Found mostly in the South (palmela, Setubal). Made in a variety of styles including still and sparkling.

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22
Q

4 Madeira’s grapes

A

(all white)
Sercial
Verdleho
Boal (Bual)
Malvasia (Malmsey)

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23
Q

7 Officially recommended white grapes for VV

A

Alvarinho
Arinto (Pederna)
Avesso
Azal
Batoca
Loureiro
Trajadura

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24
Q

Officially recommended red grapes for VV
8

A

Vinhao
Amaral (Azal Tinto)
Alvarelhao (Brancelho)
Borracal
Espadeiro
Padeiro
Pedral
Rabo de Anho

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25
Q

White port varieties

A

Malvasia Fina
gouveio

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26
Q

Port wine production: Cadastro

A

A unique and complex ranking system that assesses 12 factors, including altitide, yield, and locality, awarding or subtracting points to arrive at a final score.Based on this score vineyards are ranked from A to F. The rankings determine each grower’s beneficio, authorization- the maximum amount of wine that may be fortified that year.

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27
Q

Port history cont’d

A

when first made in the 1600’s, wine was vinified in quintas (estates) in the upper Duoro Valley. The wine was sent downriver to the City of Oporto via traditional boats known as Barcos rabelos for transport to market.

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28
Q

1800’s history

A

The center of production shifter across the river to Vila Nova de Gaia, where doxens of lodges were used for storing and aging wine. These are owned by port negociants known as “shippers.” The higher humidity and cooler temps on the coast provide better conditions for aging port with less evaporation.

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29
Q

Port today

A

Boat trip is replaced by trucking and Nova de Gaia is still center of the Port trade, but many do their own blending and aging at their own controlled facilities in the Duoro valley.

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30
Q

Ruby Port

A

the simplest of ports, comprising large share of of all port produced. They have a vibrant red color and youthful aromas but lack the longevity and complexity of flavors found in other styles of Port. Aged in large oak casks for about two years before being bottled and ready to drink

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31
Q

Reserve

A

A blend of premium ruby ports bottled after 4-6 years aging in oak vats, reserve are more like tawny in style.

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32
Q

Late bottled vintage

A

(LBV) Wine froma single year, matured in a large oak vat for 4-6 years after harvest. Most are filtered before bottling and consumed after release.

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33
Q

Tawny

A

A veresion of ruby that is aged long enough for it to oxidize and color to turn from red to golden brown, developing richer oxidized flavors. can be aged just a few years

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34
Q

Reserve Tawny

A

Reflect the true tawny style and are required to age 6 years before bottling.

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35
Q

Vintage

A

The rarest and most expensie style of port. Most ports are blends from multiple years. Vintage is a single year and is only produced in the best years.

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36
Q

Vintage declarations

A

Declared by the producer, sometimes in as few as three years out of 10. Must be approved by IVDP (Instituto dos Vinhos do Duoro e Porto. It is is aged in casks but must be bottle dby July 30 of the 3rd year after harvest After bottling, it is cellared for many years before release. Wine may spend decades aging in the bottle. Each one is unique and reflects the growing season of that year.

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37
Q

Single quinta

A

Made from the specific grapes of one vineyard and may be vintage or nonvintage. sometimes produced in years that wewre not good enough for a vintage year for their entire estate (controversial). Requires the same handling as other vintage ports.
Examples: Dow’s Quinta do Bomfim and Taylor’s Quinta de Terra Feita

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38
Q

Colheita

A

A single-vintage tawny port. Wine must remian in cask for at least 7 years, but in practice spends a lot more time in cask before bottling.

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39
Q

White

A

Much less common than red styles, it is made form Malvasia Fina, Gouveio and Rabigato (plus more) made in both off dry and sweet versions and often served as an aperetiff.

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40
Q

The first rose port

A

Croft introduced a rose port called Croft pink in 2008. Intended to appeal to a new generation of wine makers. After popularity, others followed suit.

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41
Q

Madeira

A

An island located 400 miles off the coast of Morocco, is home to the second of Portugal’s classic fortified wines.<br></br><img></img>

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42
Q

History and process

A

Island of Madeira was an important resupply point for ships en route to the Far East or the Americas. Ships took aboard local wines which were fortified so they wouldn’t spoil on the voyage. The time spent in the stiffing hot cargo hold of the ship sailing through the tropics did something to the wine that improved the quality, resulting in caramelized, nutty flavors. Maderization was used to describe this process.

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43
Q

Madeira DOC

A

wines may be oroduced on Madeira as well as Porto Santo (27 miles northeast of Madeira) Unfortified tble wines are also made on the isalnd and labeled as Madeirense DOC or Terras madeirenses VR

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44
Q

Madeirense DOC

A

table wine made on madeira or Porto Santo

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45
Q

Terras Madeirenses VR

A

Table wine made on madeira or Porto Santo

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46
Q

Geography and climate

A

A small volcanic island with its highest point 6000 ft above sea level. Vines are planted on steep, terraced slopes. It sits in subtropical lat, with minimal temperature variation. 75% of rainfall comes in autumn and winter months.

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47
Q

levadas

A

a systems of canals that are used to irrigate the vineyards of madeira, which dates back to the fifteenth century.

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48
Q

Noble grape varieties and planting (lowest to highest elevation)

A

malvasia (Malmsey)
Boal close to sea level
Up the mountain: Verdelho
1/2 up mountain: Sercial

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49
Q

Tinta Negra Mole

A

The most widely planted variety on the island, and can take on characteristics of noble varieties at the same elevations.

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50
Q

Madeira Wine production

A

both dry and sweet styles so it is fortified either during or after fermentation.

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51
Q

Dry styles

A

Made with noble: sercial, verdelho, or Tinta Negra mole are fortified after fermentation.

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52
Q

Sweet styles

A

Made form Boal, malvasia or Tinta Negra mole, are fortified during fermentation, which halts the process while wine is still sweet.

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53
Q

methods of maderizing: Canteiro method

A

to simulate the sunbaked conditions of long ago: Wine is placed in an uncooled warehouse rafters subject to high temps for a minimum of two years. Evaporation occur sand the remaining wine becomes more concentrated. these are considered of finest quality. Bottled at minimum of three years, but many are in cask for 20 or more.

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54
Q

Estufagem Method

A

Undergoes a process of cuba de color. Wine is left in a stainless steel vat known as an estufa. Hot water is circulated through a coil in the tank for three months heating the wine to 113 or 122 F. After this, the wine rests in estufa for min 90 days. It is then transferred to a cask for aging. this is the least expensive aging method in terms of cost and time required.

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55
Q

Armazen de calor

A

Another estufagem method, invoves leaving wine in vats in a large room that is heated by steam to over 120 for 6-12 months. Used mostly by the madeira wine company, it uses longer time and lower temps than estufagem method and is considered an intermediate of the time required and cost.

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56
Q

Sercial

A

Extra dry or dry, highyl acidic, excelletn as an aperitiff

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57
Q

Verdelho

A

off-dry or medium fry, honeyed, somewhat smoky character.

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58
Q

Boal

A

Sweet, raisiny, medium rich, aromactic

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59
Q

Malmsey

A

Very sweet, somewhat soft, very rich

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60
Q

Labeling issues with the EU

A

Varietal names only allowed if the bottle contained 85% of that varietal, which is not the case for madeira, so these styles are not seen anymore. It is now sold under a proprietary name or simply as madeira.

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61
Q

Rainwater

A

3+
A traditional name for an off dry blend with a golden or semi-golden color, must be at least three years old.

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62
Q

Reserve
Madeira

A

5+

Indicates a wine that is at least 5 but no more than 10 years old

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63
Q

Special reserve

A

Indicates a wine that is at least 10 years old but not more than 15

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64
Q

Extra Reserve
Madeira

A

15+
At least 15 but not more than 20 years old.

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65
Q

Age indications

A

Allows for wines that are 20, 30 or 40 years old (representing the youngest wine in the blend)

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66
Q

Colheita
Madeira

A

5+

Produced forma single vintage (85% min) and aged 5 years before bottling

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67
Q

Frasquiera

A

20+

Vintage madeira, cask aged for a minimum of 20 years. A minimum of 85% of the wine must be from the stated vintage, which allows for some “topping up” of the wine with younger wines throughout the aging process.

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68
Q

Bairrada DOC geography and Climate

A

located within Beira Atlanatico VR just inland from the coast. has a cool maritime climate. They make white, rose, red and sparkling wine with the majority being red.<br></br><img></img>

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69
Q

Baga Grape

A

Known for being high in acid and hihgly tannic, forms the basis Bairrada DOC red wines. Other red grapes, and some international reds are being grown as well.

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70
Q

Bairrada Sparkling Wine

A

Made with traditional method. Minimum 9 months aging, Made with the Maria Gomes (Ferrnao Pires) grape (accounts for most white production

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71
Q

Dão geography and climate

A

Located between the sea and the mountains. Compared to Bairrada, it is located further inland, surrounded by mountains and has a continental climate.<br></br><img></img>

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72
Q

Dão production

A

Produces white, red, and rose and sparkling wines, but focuses on complex, full bodied red blends.

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73
Q

Dão red varieties

A

Alfrocheiro
Tinta roriz
Jaen
Touriga Nacional
regulations require 15% Touriga Nacional, many are composed of 50%.

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74
Q

Dâo white varietals

A

Encruzado and bical

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75
Q

Lisboa

A

West and north of Lisbon, Lisboa VR produces a lot of Portugal’s regional wine. Whites are crisp and fresh based on Arinto. Reds are fruit forward with a good value to quality ratio.<br></br><img></img>

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76
Q

Lisboa reds

A

Bastardo
Trincadeira
Ramisco
but international varieties exist too.

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77
Q

Colares DOC

A

Located next to famous surfing beach of Guincho, is is a small DOC known for vineyards planted in the sand and protected from the ocean winds by windbreaks from sand dunes and wooden fences. high acid reds and white made from ramisco (red) and malvasia (whites)

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78
Q

Tejo

A

Region formerly known as Ribatejano is a significant producer of Regional wine and an even more significant producer of of Vinho de portugal. covering the same area as the Ribatejo province. Flat, fertile area spans both sides of the Tejo River. 55,000 acres under vine<br></br><img></img>

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79
Q

Tejo DOC

A

A small portion of the VR, produces red, white sparkling and licoroso (fortified) wines from a wide range of approved grape varieties. Castelao and Trincadeira are the leading red varieties. Fernao Pires is the leading white.

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80
Q

Peninsula de Setubal

A

protected from the sea by Arrabida Mountain Range and comprises the DOCs of Setubal and Palmela<br></br><img></img>

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81
Q

Palmela

A

Regarded for its vin doux natural, produced from muscat of Alexandria grape, and when made form 85% muscat, is labeled as Moscatel de Setubal.

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82
Q

Palmela DOc

A

Mainly red and based on Castelao grape., which thrives in the area’s dandy soils.

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83
Q

Grapes of Alentejo

A

Aragonex (tempranillo), Trincadeira, Alicante bouschet, with new plantings of CS, Sryah.

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84
Q

Algarve VR

A

Southernmost region on mainland, it has a number of climates depeding on proximity to the coast. Four DOCs:
lagos
Portimao
Lagoa
Tavira
Grapes are similar to those of Alentejo<br></br><img></img>

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85
Q

The Azores

A

a chain of nine islands 1,000 miles off the west coast of Portugal. Collectively, the islands are covered by the Azores VR, but three isalnds have their own DOCs. Biscoitos, Graciosa and Pico. Madeirs ia bout 700 miles Southeast of Pico. Majority of wine is white, based on verdelho, Arinto (Pederna) or Terrantez varieties.<br></br><img></img>

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86
Q

What are the soils in the Douro? Which one is prefered?

A

Granite and Schist. Schist is preferred

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87
Q

What are the four AOPs of the Algarve from West to East: Lag, Lag Port and Tavel

A

Lagos, Portimão, Lagoa, and Tavira

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88
Q

This region releases a larger volume of wine than any other in Portugal?

A

Lisboa

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89
Q

True or False: The Dão DOP is located within the larger Duriense IGP?

A

False

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90
Q

Alvarinho, Trajadura, and Loureiro grapes commonly encountered in which DOP?

A

Vinho Verde

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91
Q

Which of the following types of appellation has been eliminated in Portugal?

DOP
• IGP
• DOC
• IPR
• IG

A

IPR

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92
Q

What is the preferred soil type for Port?

A

Schist

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93
Q

Which is a Portuguese synonym for the Tempranillo grape?

A

Aragonez

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94
Q

True or False: Baga is usually the dominant white varietal in the traditional wines of Bairrada?

A

False

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95
Q

What is a casta?

A

A grape variety

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96
Q

What is the most planted red grape in DoTejo?

A

Castelão

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97
Q

How long must a red Dão Nobre Garrafeira wine be aged prior to release?

A

48 months (including a minimum 18 months in bottle)

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98
Q

Where is Alta Estremadura?

A

Lisboa

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99
Q

Ramisco, planted on its own rootstock, is the dominant red grape in the____DOP?

A

Colares

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100
Q

True or False: Muscatel must comprise a minimum 67% of wines labeled “Moscatel de Setúbal”?

A

True

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101
Q

What is Enforcado?

A

A traditional pergola training system used in Vinho Verde

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102
Q

True or False: White, red, rosado, and sparkling wines may be released as Douro DOP?

A

True

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103
Q

What is the minimum combined percentage of Castelão and Preto Martinho required for Carcavelos DOP wines?

A

0.75

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104
Q

Place the following IGP zones in order from north to south.
Algarve
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dão
Tejo Tejo

A

Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dão
Tejo Tejo
Algarve

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105
Q

Which of the following is not a subregion of Alentejo?
Portalegre
• Évora
• Borba
• Granja Amareleja
• Encostas de Aire

A

Encostas de Aire

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106
Q

Lagos, Lagoa, Portimão and ___ are DOPs located within the Algarve IGP?

A

Tavira

107
Q

Name a DOP appellation that produces aguardente rather than wine?

A

Arruda (Lisbos)

108
Q

What subregion of the Douro has the highest vineyard acreage?

A

Cima Corgo–think Cima Collina

109
Q

Where is Chaves?

A

Trás-os-Montes

110
Q

What DOP of the Açores islands authorizes the production of table wines rather than fortified wines?

A

Graciosa

111
Q

What is the northernmost subregion of Alentejo?

A

Portalegre

112
Q

Which of the following label terms may be applied to wines of geographical designation that show a 1% higher abv than the minimum established by the respective appellation?

• Garrafeira
• Colheita Seleccionada
• Reserva
• Grande Reserva

A

Colheita Seleccionada

113
Q

What grape comprises a minimum 15% of all Dão Nobre Branco wines?

A

Encruzado

114
Q

Name all aliases for: the highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira

A

“dog strangler”, Sercial, Esgana Cão

115
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Lourinha DOP in Lisboa?

A

Aguardente (brandy).

116
Q

What is the most widely grown red grape in Portugal?

A

Castelao’.

117
Q

What are the dominent red & white grapes in Tejo?

A

Red = Castelao’.
White = Fernao Pires (known as Marie Gomes).

118
Q

How many miles are the Azores Island located off the coast of Portugal? Of the 9 islands, only 3 have DOP zones, what are they?

A

1000 miles. Pico, Graciosa, Terceira.

119
Q

Min ageing requirements for Frasqueira.

A

20 years in wood.

120
Q

What style is Madeira DOP? Whats style is Madeirense DOP?

A

Madeira is Fortified. Madeirense is unfortified.

121
Q

What is the dominent white grape of Dao’ ?

A

Encruzado.

122
Q

Name the non Port fortified wine from the Douro.

A

Licoroso, a fortified Moscatel do Douro..

123
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape in Portugal?

A

Fernau Pires (known as Marie Gomes).

124
Q

What is the primary soil type in the Douro?

A

Schist

125
Q

Which red grape must be in any blend from Dao DOP?

A

Touriga Nacional

126
Q

Mencia is known as _____ in Portugal

A

Jaen

127
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar level of Port?

A

17,5 g/l

128
Q

Where can we find ungrafted Ramisco?

A

Colares (Lisboa)

129
Q

What is the name for a small estate in Portugal?

A

Quinta

130
Q

What is Transmontano?

A

East of Minho along the Spanish Border, north of Duriense

131
Q

Which Douro subzone has the most plantings?

A

Cima Corgo

132
Q

Three subzones of Douro from West to East?

A

Baixa Corgo, Cima Corgo and Douro Superior

133
Q

What is the alternate name for Paderna?

A

Arinto

134
Q

What are the two main soils in the Colares DOP?

A

Sandy and Chao rija

135
Q

What are the four AOPs of the Algarve from West to East

A

Lagos, Portimao, Lagoa and Tavira

136
Q

What tree is widespread through Alentejano?

A

Cork tree/quercus suber

137
Q

Name the three subzones of the Douro from west to east?

A

Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo & Douro Superior

138
Q

In Portugal, what are the two names for Tempranillo?

A

Aragonez and Tinta Roriz

139
Q

What are the terraces in the Douro known as?

A

Socalcos - With Stone walls
Patamarces - without

140
Q

What are the two mountains in the Douro?

A

Marao and Montemuro Mountains

141
Q

In Portugal, Trincadeira is called?

A

Tinta Amarela

142
Q

Name the two estuaries that define Peninsula de Setubal

A

Tangus and Sado estuaries

143
Q

What does Bucelas DOP produce?

A

White wine from Arinto grape

144
Q

What grape is known as Esgana Cao (the dog strangler)?

A

Sercial.

145
Q

What region of Portugal is a Unesco World Heritage site?

A

Douro.

146
Q

What DOP in the Acores islands produces unfortified, dry, white table wines?

A

Graciosa DOP.

147
Q

What style comes out of Lourinha in Lisboa? Why?

A

Brandy. Cool & windy, grapes have difficulty ripening, thus restricting to Brandies.

148
Q

Fernao Pires is aka as ________ ________ in Bairrada.

A

Marie Gomes.

149
Q

What grape makes some of the greatest wines in the small DOC of Bucelas, where it must account for at least 75% of blends, along with Sercial & Rabo de Ovelho.

A

Arinto.

150
Q

Put these in order of rising order of sweetness: Verdehlo, Sercial, Malvasia, Terrantez, Boal.

A

Sercial, Terrantez, Verdehlo, Boal, Malvasia.

151
Q

What style wines come out of Peninsula de Setubal region? What grapes?

A

Sweet fortified. Moscatel (Muscat).

152
Q

What is the min age for Colheita Port? In what vessel/

A

At least 7 years. In wood.

153
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Lourinha DOP in Lisboa?

A

Aguardente (brandy).

154
Q

Encruzado is the dominant grape of _______?

A

Dao

155
Q

True or False: Fernau Pires (known as Marie Gomes) is the second most planted grape in Portugal?

A

It’s the most planted

156
Q

What’s the most widely planted grape in Portugal?

A

Touriga Nacional

157
Q

_______is the type of appellation that has been eliminated in Portugal?

A

IPR… Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) has been eliminated as an official category, and former IPRs have been upgraded to DOP status

158
Q

What grapes are encountered in the DOP zone of Vinho Verde?

A

Alvarinho, Trajadura, and Loureiro grapes

159
Q

In 1990, _____ became one of Portugal’s first Região Demarcada in 1908

A

Dão or Terras do Dão (formerly Beiras)

160
Q

White, red, rosado, and sparkling wines may be released as Douro DOP?

A

True

161
Q

Place the following IGP zones in order from north to south:

Terras do Dão
Duriense
Transmontano
Terras do Dão
Algarve

A

Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dão
Tejo Tejo
Algarve

162
Q

What is the minimum combined percentage of Castelão and Preto Martinho required for Carcavelos DOP wines?

A

0.75

163
Q

Synonym for Maria Gomes?

A

Fernao Pires

164
Q

Synonym for Arinto?

A

Paderna

165
Q

Synonym for Sercial?

A

Esgana Cão

166
Q

Synonym for Trincadeira?

A

Tinta Amarela

167
Q

Synonym for Mortágua Preto?

A

Touriga Nacional

168
Q

What does Colheita Seleccionada mean?

A

Label terms may be applied to wines of geographical designation that show a 1% higher abv than the minimum established by the respective appellation

169
Q

Term that indicates a minimum period of aging prior to release?

A

garrafeira (“private wine cellar”)

170
Q

What’s Graciosa?

A

DOP of the Açores islands authorizes the production of table wines rather than fortified wines

171
Q

3 subregions within Trás-os-Montes?

A

Chaves
Valpa¢os
Planalto Mirandes

172
Q

What’s Portalegre?

A

northernmost subregion of Alentejo

173
Q

What’s Lourinhã known for?

A

Aguardente

174
Q

Marques=

A

Loureira

175
Q

Carcavelos DOP grapes

A

Castelão and Preto Martinho

176
Q

8 Subregions of Alentejo

A

Portalegre
Borba
Redondo
Evora
Reguengos
Granja-Amareleja
Vidigueira
Moura

177
Q

Port pipe volume

A

550 liters

178
Q

Port #1 in Wine Spectator Top100 in 2014

A

Dow’s

179
Q

Major wine regions of Portugal

A

-Minho
-Lisboa
-Algarve
-Beira Atlantico
-Peninsula de Setubal
-Transmontano
-Duriense
-Terras de Cister
-Terras do Dao
-Teras de Beira
-Alentejano

180
Q

DOC or (DOP-Protected Designation of Origin)

A
  • Denominacão de Origem Controlada
  • Wines from 31 of the top regions
181
Q

Pavão Vinho Verde
• 30 varietals allowed. Traditional grapes are:

A

-Alvarinho, Arinto,
Loureiro, Trajadura
• Crisp and refreshing acidity
• Slightly fizzy

182
Q

Madeira Production
• Estufa System -

A

heating the wine

183
Q

Madeira Production
Three methods used:

A

Natural heat - Madeira placed in wood barrels and kept in the attics of the winery. This takes a longer time to cook the wine.

Stainless tanks - with Hot water coils in the center. 122-degree hot water heats wine for at least 3 months.

Wood casks - kept in artificially heated rooms. Takes about six months.

184
Q

Styles of Madeira
Styles vary by grape variety:
•Tinta Negra Mole

A
  • inferior
185
Q

Styles of Madeira
Styles vary by grape variety:
•Sercial

A
  • lightest and dry
186
Q

Styles of Madeira
Styles vary by grape variety:
•Verdelho

A
  • golden and medium rich
187
Q

Styles of Madeira
Styles vary by grape variety:
•Boal (Bual)

A

deep in color and sweet

188
Q

Styles of Madeira
Styles vary by grape variety:
•Malmsey

A

dark brown , full bodied, very
sweet

189
Q

Port Styles
Ruby

A

• Ruby: young, fruit forward, 3 year blend

• Vintage: declared in 1st or 2nd year and aged in bottle for 20-25 years

• Late Bottle Vintage: aged in wood, declared in 4th to 6th year and then bottled.

190
Q

Port Styles
Tawny

A

• Tawny - a blend of
wood-aged ports
• 10 Yr. Tawny
• 20 Yr. Tawny
• 30 Yr. Tawny
• 40 Yr. Tawny

191
Q

Declared Top Port Vintages

A

• 1985 (still available at $85) (3 star)
• 1991 (still available at $150) (4 star)
• 1992 (still available at $200) (4 star)
• 1994 (5 star)
• 1997 (4 star)
• 2000 (5 star)
• 2003 & 2004 (4 star)
• 2005 (5 star)
• 2007 ($85) (5 star)
• 2008 single-quintas Taylor’s (Vargellas)
• 2009
• 2011 (5 Star)
• 2012 (small but ok vintage)

192
Q

Age-Worthiness of Port

A

• Vintage ports improve with age
• Best vintages keep for 50 years +

193
Q

Port and Food

A

• White Port and Ruby Port are served as an Aperitif.

Port with desserts - chocolate, caramel, berry fruits.

• Vintage Port after dinner by itself or with dried fruits and nuts or a cigar!

• Ruby and Tawny often used in sauces

• Port with cheese course - Stilton or Blue cheeses

194
Q

Pederna=

A

Arinto

195
Q

Name DOC-zones in Algarve from west to East:

A

Lagos, Portimão, Lagoa and Tavira.

196
Q

Most planted red grapes in Dao
4

A

Tinta Roriz
Touriga Nacional
Jaen
Alfrocheiro Preto

197
Q

The most planted white grape in Dao

A

Encruzado

198
Q

“Pisa a Pé”

A

Foot treading and fermentation in “lagar” (open tanks)

199
Q

Foot treading and fermentation in “lagar” (open tanks)

A

Pisa a pe

200
Q

“Vinho de Talha”

A

Fermentation in amphoras (clay pots)

201
Q

Fermentation in amphoras (clay pots)

A

Vinho de Talha

202
Q

“Vinho de Curtimenta”

A

White wine made like a red wine,
with skin contact during fermentation

203
Q

White wine made like a red wine,
with skin contact during fermentation

A

Vinho de Curtimenta

204
Q

How many native grape varieties in Portugal?

A

250

205
Q

The place of Portugal in global wine production

A

11

206
Q

IG of Vihno Verde

A

Minho

207
Q

IG of Tras-os-Montes

A

Transmontano

208
Q

IG of Porto e Douro

A

Duriense

209
Q

IG of Tavora e Varosa

A

Terras de Cister

210
Q

DOCs of Dao
2

A

Dao
Lafoes

211
Q

IG of Bairrada

A

Beira Atlantico

212
Q

IG of Beira Interior

A

Terras de Beira

213
Q

DOC and IG of Tejo

A

Tejo IG
Dotejo DOC

214
Q

IG of Alentejo

A

Alentejano

215
Q

DOCs of Peninsula de Setubal
2

A

Palmela
Setubal

216
Q

DOCs of Madeira
2

A

Madeira
Madeirense

217
Q

IG of Madeira

A

Terras Madeirenses

218
Q

DOCs of Agores
3

A

Gracoisa
Biscoitos
Picos

219
Q

The most planted white grapes of Portugal
4

A

Alvarinho
Arinto / Pedernã
Fernão Pires / Maria Gomes
Encruzado

220
Q

Pederna =

A

Arinto

221
Q

The most widely planted white variety in
Portugal

A

Fernão Pires

222
Q

DOCs of Lisboa
9

A

Alenquer
Bucelas
Colares
Lourinhã
Arruda
Carcavelos
Óbidos
Torres Vedras
Encostas de Aire

223
Q

Moscatel de Setúbal cities

A

Palmela
Montijo
Setúbal
part of the city of Sesimbra

224
Q

Ageing regulations for Portugal sparkling wines

A

Reserva: 12 to 24 months
Super Reserva or Extra Reserva: 24 to 36 months
Grande Reserva: Over 36 months

225
Q

the biggest DOC of Portugal

A

Vinho Verde

226
Q

9 sub-regions of Vinho Verde DOC

A

Monção-Melgaço
Lima
Basto
Cávado
Ave
Amarante
Baião
Sousa
Paiva

227
Q

3 sub-regions of Tras-os-Montes

A

Chaves
Valpaços
Planalto Mirandês

228
Q

First LBV

A

Taylors
1970 vintage

229
Q

Pommace distillate in Portugal

A

Bagaceira

230
Q

How many grapes are allowed for Vihno Verde DOP?

A

46

231
Q

Subzones of Tejo
3

A

Bairo
Campo
Charneco

232
Q

Quinta da Agua Alta

A

Churchill’s

233
Q

The greatest port ever made

A

Quinta do Noval Nacional Vintage Port 1963

234
Q

The oldest porto house

A

Kopke
1638

235
Q

Envelhicido em garrafa

A

LBV wines additionally aged for 3 years in bottle

236
Q

Vintage Port aging requirements

A

must be bottled by July 30 of the 3rd year
may be sold from May 1 of the 2nd year

237
Q

LBV aging requirements

A

aged in cask for at least 4 years
bottled before December 31 of the 6th year

238
Q

Colheita

A

Tawny
from a single vintage
aged in cask for a minimum of 7 years

239
Q

Minimum sugar content for port wines

A

17.5 g/l

240
Q

Extra-Seco
Port
Sugar content

A

17.5 - 40 g/l

241
Q

Seco
Port
Sugar content

A

40 - 65 g/l

242
Q

Meio Seco
Port
Sugar content

A

65 - 85 g/l

243
Q

Doce
Port
Sugar content

A

85 - 130 g/l

244
Q

Muito Doce
Port
Sugar content

A

more than 130 g/l

245
Q

Port alcohol content

A

19-22%

246
Q

Porto Branco Leve Seco
Minimum alcohol content

A

0.165

247
Q

Velho port

A

10-30 years old

248
Q

Muito velho port

A

More than 40 years old

249
Q

Quinta do Vesuvio
Owned by

A

Symington

250
Q

Portugal ranks by consumption of wine per capita

A

1

251
Q

Garrafeira port

A

Vintage tawny
After barrel (4-8 years)
Minimum 15 years in glass demijohns

252
Q

Bical tinto =

A

Touriga Nacional

253
Q

Mortagua Preto =

A

Touriga Nacional

254
Q

First vintage of Barca Velha

A

1952

255
Q

What estate gave the fruit to Barca Velha

A

Quinta do Vale Meao

256
Q

Beira Atlantico
Subzone

A

Terras de Sico

257
Q

Wiiden vat used for fermentation

A

Dorna

258
Q

The only house to produce Porto Garrafeira

A

Niepoort

259
Q

Reserva Tawny or Branco
Min aging in oak

A

6 years

260
Q

Vintage port should be bottled

A

July 30 of the 3rd year after harvest

261
Q

Quinta do Bomfim

A

Dow’s

262
Q

Quinta de Terra Feita

A

Taylor’s

263
Q

Last classic vintages
6

A

2000
2003
2007
2011
2016
2017

Important (30 decks)

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