Argentina Flashcards
Who inspired Argentina with their success?
Chile
Where does Argentina rank in wine-producing countries?
5th
Which part of Argentina are their vineyards?
Mostly confined to western sector, in plains and foothills near Andes
What is the climate of the western part of Argentinas vineyards
Continental
Climate of Argentina?
• desert
• Andes rain shadow effect
• elevation
• wind
What is the name of the hot afternoon wind that blows down from the mountains in late spring and early summer?
Zonda
What climatic thing can effect flowering?
Zonda - hot, dusty wind
What provides plenty of water for irrigation?
Snowmelt
Why is general lack of humidity good for viticulture?
Keeps vineyards free of fungal diseases
Viticultural hazard in spring and summer?
Dangerous hail
Where are some of the world m’s highest elevation vines?
Salta (3000 meters asl) at Donald Hess’ Colomé estate.
What is the national average elevation for vineyards?
900 meters asl
Most important red grapes?
• Malbec
• Bonarda
• Cabernet Sauvignon
• Syrah
• Merlot
• Tempranillo
Most important white grapes?
• Torrontes
• Chardonnay
• Chenin Blanc
Pedro Giménez is most planted but used for blending/bulk wine
What is the most the most planted white grape in Argentina?
Pedro Giménez (not related to Spain’s Pedro Ximénez)
What type of Chardonnay clone is popular throughout the country?
The Mendoza Chardonnay clone - developed at the University of California at Davis
Is prone to Millerandage but resulting grapes have a greater skin-to-juice ratio
What kind of pink-skinned varieties are grown in Argentina?
• Cereza
• Criolla Chic
• Criolla Grande
These occupy 30% of the nations vineyard acreage.
What grapes is Bonarda the same as?
In Savoie - Corbeau
In USA - Charbono
What kind of grapes do winemakers have to use to use the Reserva or Gran Reserva labelling?
Premium gates like Malbec and Gewurtztraminer.
Can’t use Cereza or Criolla Chica
What does riserva on a label indicate?
• Min. 6 months aging for white wines
• Min. 1 year for reds
What does gran riserva on a label indicate?
• Min. 1 year for whites
• Min 2 years again for reds
When were the riserva and gran riserva designations introduced?
2008
Where are the winemaking areas of Argentina divided between?
• Northwestern provinces
• central Cuyo province
• southern Patagonia province
Which area in Mendoza in?
Cuyo
Where does approx. three quarters of the country’s wine production occur?
Provence of Mendoza, in Cuyo
Is salta north or south of Mendoza?
North
What area is gaining a reputation for high-altitude Torrontes?
Salta
What is a promising department within Salta?
Cafayete
What provinces does Cuyo comprise of?
La Rioja
San Juan
Mendoza
What is San Juan known for?
Brandy and vermouth production. Some Sherry style wine.
What is La Rioja’s most famous wine region?
Famatina Valley
Where is the Uco valley?
Mendoza (western subregion)
What sectors is Mendoza divided into?
• Northern
• Central (Upper)
• Southern
• Eastern
• Uco valley
Where in Mendoza would you find the highest vineyards?
Uco Valley
What are the soils like in Mendoza?
Loose, alluvial sand over clay
Are vines planted on their own rootstock?
Yes
What helps keep Mendoza phylloxera and disease free?
The structure of the soil and the gale-force zones wind
What is the climate like in Mendoza?
Dessert like
Is irrigation necessary in Mendoza?
Yes!
Furrow irrigation?
Traditional form of irrigation.
Technique developed by the Incas.
The rivers waters, swelled by the Andes snowmelt, is directed through the vineyards in channels
Where would you find an appellation for Malbec only?
Department of Luján de Cuyo.
One of 2 DOC’s.
In Central Mendoza
Name some great traditional sites for Malbec?
Departments of Luján de Cuyo and Maipú
Both in Central Mendoza
What are Argentinas only DOC’s authorized only for Malbec wines?
• Luján de Cujo
• San Rafael
What are 2 departments that are known to provide some of the best traditional sites for Malbec?
Luján de Cuyo
Maipú (central Mendoza)
Name some highly regarded estates?
• Catena
• Susana Balbo’s Domino Del Plata
• Bressia
• Achával Ferrer
Where might you find Chardonnay and Semillon planted?
Uco Valley - high elevation.
Particularly in its Tupungato department
What is the principal grape in the southern Mendoza departments of San Rafael and General Alvear?
Chenin Blanc
Most northerly wine region?
Jujuy
What’s an important subregion of salta?
Cafayate
(El Arenal
Molinos
Cafayate)
Climate of Patagonia?
Cool, one of most southerly wine regions
What are the provinces of Patagonia?
La Pampa
Neuquén
Río Negro
Chubut
What is grown in Patagonia?
• Torrentes
• Semillon
Both good in chalky soils and longer growing season
• Malbec
• Cabernet Sauvignon
• Merlot
• Pinot Noir
Cool-climate elegant versions
Where is Salta?
Very North of Mendoza
San Juan?
Province that is close to rivaling Mendoza.
Hotter and drier than Mendoza.
Moscatel de Alejandria is planted a lot
Some Syrah here
What country is the fifth largest producer of wine?
Argentina
-in 2008 the world’s seventh largest exporter of wine
Which mountains in Argentina provide the rain shadow effect in the western wine regions of Argentina?
the Andes<br></br><img></img>
What is the name of the fierce, dusty, hot afternoon wind that blows down from the mountains in the late spring and early summer, sometimes adversely affecting flowering?
Zonda “viento zonda”
- the Zonda wind most commonly starts during the afternoon (between 12 and 6 PM), and tends to last between 1 and 12 hours, though it may present itself intermittently for as long as 2 or 3 days. It is countered usually by the entrance of cold air masses moving northwestward (viento sur). In 90% of the cases, the phenomenon takes place between May and November.
What is the plentiful water source for irrigation in the grape growing areas of Argentina?
snowmelt
-in those years that the Andes receive heavy winter snowfall.
The little moisture that does precipitate in the vineyards often comes in the form of what?
Hail
Roughly how many meters above sea level are Argentina’s highest vineyards?
3,000 meters above sea level
-some of the world’s highest vines
-located in Salta, at Donald Hess’ Colomé estate<br></br><img></img>
Who is the most famous producer of high altitude wines in Salta?
Donald Hess’ Colomé estate<br></br><img></img>
What is the average national elevation for vineyards in Argentina?
Approximately 900 meters above sea level
-As Argentinean vineyards are generally situated on the slopes of the Andean foothills and plains
In descending order of importance, name Argentina’s most important red grapes.
Malbec
Bonarda
Cabernet Sauvignon
Syrah
Merlot
Tempranillo
True or false, Argentina’s Bonarda, the country’s second most planted grape, is genetically distinct from the Northern Italian grape of the same name?
True
-but recent DNA studies have identified it as Savoie’s Corbeau—a variety known as Charbono in the United States
What is Argentina’s Bonarda known as in Savoie and the rest of France?
Corbeau
What is Argentina’s Bonarda known as in the U.S.?
Charbono
What is Argentina’s most planted white grape?
Pedro Giménez
-a variety unrelated to Spain’s Pedro Ximénez, a blending grape often mainly suitable for bulk wines or grape concentrate
What is Argentina’s second most planted white grape?
Torrontés
-followed by Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc
Where was the Mendoza Chardonnay clone developed?
University of California at Davis
Which pink-skinned varieties occupy nearly 30% of the nation’s vineyard acreage?
Cereza
Criolla Chica
Criolla Grande
What does the term “Reserva” mean for white wine in Argentina?
minimum 6 months of aging
-designations introduced in 2008 also limit maximum yields
What does the term “Gran Reserva” mean for white wine in Argentina?
minimum 1 year of aging
-designations introduced in 2008 also limit maximum yields
What does the term “Reserva” mean for red wine in Argentina?
minimum 1 year of aging
-designations introduced in 2008 also limit maximum yields
What does the term “Gran Reserva” mean for red wine in Argentina?
minimum 2 years of aging
-designations introduced in 2008 also limit maximum yields
The the three general winemaking areas of Argentina.
northwestern provinces
central provinces of Cuyo
southern provinces of Patagonia
-Approximately three-quarters of the country’s entire wine production occurs in the province of Mendoza in Cuyo<br></br><img></img>
Approximately three-quarters of the country’s entire wine production occurs in which province?
the province of Mendoza in Cuyo<br></br><img></img>
What is the promising department within Salta that is increasingly appearing on bottles of Torrontés?
Cafayate
-Susana Balbo’s “Crios” is a widely exported hallmark of the style<br></br><img></img>
Name two famous producers of Torrontés.
Susana Balbo’s “Crios” (Cafayate)
Donald Hess’ Colomé estate (Salta)<br></br><img></img>
Name some of the prominent producers based in Cafayate.
Susana Balbo
Yacochuya
Etchart
Bodega Jose L Mounier “Finca Las Nubes”
Which province is directly south of Salta?
Catamarca
-has less prestige but more area under vine, with Torrontés, Syrah, Malbec, and Cabernet Sauvignon leading in acreage<br></br><img></img>
Name the 3 provinces within the North wine region of Argentina.
Salta
Tucumán
Catamarca<br></br><img></img>
Name the 3 provinces within the Cuyo wine region of Argentina.
La Rioja
San Juan
Mendoza<br></br><img></img>
Name the 3 provinces within the Patagonia wine region of Argentina.
La Pampa
Rio Negro
Neuquén<br></br><img></img>
What is the northernmost of the three provinces in the Cuyo wine region?
La Rioja
-La Rioja’s output is dwarfed by the massive production of Mendoza and San Juan to the south<br></br><img></img>
What is the most famous wine region in La Rioja province?
Famatina Valley
-Torrontés is again the most cultivated grape, followed by Malbec
-La Rioja’s output is dwarfed by the massive production of Mendoza and San Juan to the south<br></br><img></img>
What is Argentina’s second-largest wine-producing province?
San Juan
-more than 47,000 hectares under vine in the Tulum, Zonda, Ullum, Jáchal, and Fertil Valleys
Name the valleys of San Juan
7
Tulum
Zonda
Ullum
Jáchal
Calingasta
Pedernal
Fertil Valleys
-Much of this acreage has historically been devoted to Argentina’s pink-skinned varieties, although Syrah and Bonarda—sometimes confusingly called Barbera Bonarda—are capturing critical attention.
- San Juan’s hot summer climate is ideal for grapes destined for brandy and vermouth production, and the region’s sherry-style wines are reasonably good in quality.
What has San Juan historically been devoted to in terms of winemaking?
Much of this acreage has historically been devoted to Argentina’s pink-skinned varieties, although Syrah and Bonarda—sometimes confusingly called Barbera Bonarda—are capturing critical attention.
- San Juan’s hot summer climate is ideal for grapes destined for brandy and vermouth production, and the region’s sherry-style wines are reasonably good in quality.
Which sub-region of Mendoza is home to the province’s highest vineyards?
Uco Valley<br></br><img></img>
Describe the general soil composition of Mendoza?
Soils in the region are generally comprised of loose, alluvial sand over clay, a structure that, when coupled with the gale-force Zonda wind, helps to keep phylloxera and other diseases at bay.
-As in Chile, almost all vines in Mendoza are planted on their own rootstock.
What is the traditional form of irrigation developed centuries ago by the Incas sometimes used in Argentina?
furrow irrigation
-a technique developed centuries ago by the Incas, in which the rivers’ water, swelled by Andes snowmelt, is directed through the vineyards in channels
-more modern methods of drip irrigation are more common
What is the most planted grape in Mendoza?
Malbec
What are the two departments in central Mendoza that are most well known for growing Malbec?
Luján de Cuyo
Maipú
-provide some of the best traditional sites for the grape<br></br><img></img>
Name some highly regarded estates in Mendoza for making wine.
Catena
Susana Balbo’s Dominio del Plata
Bressia
Achával Ferrer
Who became the first female enologist in the history of Argentine winemaking?
Susana Balbo
-After twenty years of working as a consultant winemaker both in Argentina and around the world, Susana Balbo decided to open her own winery. In 1999, Susana rented a small winery and began her first batches of wine.
Where in Mendoza is most of the high quality Chardonnay and Sémillon produced?
Uco Valley
-cultivated with success in the high elevation vineyards of Uco Valley and its Tupungato department<br></br><img></img>
Chenin Blanc is the principal grape in what area of Mendoza?
The Southern Mendoza departments of San Rafael and General Alvear, although the region is not known for fine wines.
What type of soils are found in the Patagonian wine regions?
chalky soils
Which white grapes perform well in the Patagonian wine regions?
Torrontés
Sémillon
Who purchased the first of Bodega Chacra’s vineyards?
Piero Incisa della Rocchetta
-spearheaded by the family behind Tuscany’s Sassicaia, rapidly emerged as Patagonia’s most famous estate in the mid-2000s, selling super-premium Río Negro Pinot Noir
-In the 1920s the Marchese Mario Incisa della Rocchetta dreamt of creating a ‘thoroughbred’ wine which eventually culminated in the creation of Sassicaia from from Tenuta San Guido
What is the connection between Bodega Chacra and Tenuta San Guido?
Bodega Chacra’s vineyards were spearheaded by the family behind Tuscany’s Sassicaia.
Piero Incisa della Rocchetta - purchased the first of Bodega Chacra’s vineyards
Marchese Mario Incisa della Rocchetta - Made the first Sassicaia
What is the most famous producer in Patagonia that is winning acclaim for Malbec?
Bodega Noemía de Patagonia<br></br><img></img>
What are the major Regions of Argentina?
Northern, Cuyo, and Patagonia
What are the 4 I.G. of the Norther Region of Argentina?
Jujuy
Salta
Tucuman
Catamarca
Name the most important subregion of each of the 4 I.G.’s in the Northrn region of Argentina.
Salta- Cafayete, Molinos (colome)
Catamarca- Tinogasta
Jujuy- None
Tucuman- Tafi
Name the I.G. and 3 sub-regions in Argentina’s Center region. X T L
Cordoba:
Colon
Cruz de Eje
San Javier
Name the 3 I.G.’s of Cuyo.
La Rioja
San Juan
Mendoza
What are the 5 major areas within the Mendoza I.G.?
Northern
Central
Eastern
Valle de Uco
Southern Mendoza
What are the 3 regions within Northern Mendoza?
Lavalle
Guaymallen
Las Heras
What are the 3 regions within Central Mendoza?
Godoy Cruz
Lujan de Cuyo
Maipu
5 sub-regions of Lujan de Cuyo?
Agrelo
Las Compuertas
Perdriel
Vistalba
Ugarteche
What are the sub and sub sub-regions of Maipu?
Barrancas (El Paraiso)
Lunlunta
Russel
5 regions within Eastern Mendoza?
La Paz
Santa Rosa
Junin
Rivadavia
San Martin
3 regions within the Valle de Uco?
Tupangato
Tunuyan
San Carlos.
What are the sub and sub sub of San Carlos?
La Consulta
Paraje Altamira
What are the regions of Souern Mendoza?
General Alvear & San Rafeal
What are the 3 main subs of La Rioja?
Chilecito
Famatina
Felipe Varela
What is the multi-department IG of San Juan?
Valle de Tulum
What are the major Subs of San Juan
Tulum, Fertil, Jachal, Pedernal, Zonda, Calingasta
What are the three subs of Patagonia?
La Pampa, Neuquen, and Rio Negro
What is the most important sub of La Pampa?
25 de Mayo
Name two subs of Neuquen.
Añelo
Confluencia
What is the most important sub of Rio Negro?
General Roca
Aging Requirements “Reserva” Argentina
White: 6 months Red: 12 months
Aging Requirements “Gran Reserva” Argentina
White: 12 months Red: 24 months
Who brings winemaking to the new world? When?
Spanish Conquistadores
16th ce.
Describe 17th ce. ban on production in S. America. What brings an end to it?
Prohibitive Spanish law restricts wine production in favor of Iberian producers (unrelated to church).
Independence in 1800’s
What two major factors bring rapid expansion of viticulture to Argentina?
European immigration
New RR system
Claudio Gay
Frenchman who sets up repository of pre-phylloxera VV vines in Chile.
Mission grape synonyms:
Canary Islands
Chile
Argentina
Canary Islands: Listan Priéto
Chile: País
Argentina: Criolla Chica
Name the 2 pink-skinned varieties of S. America
Cereza
Criolla Grande
Name the 3 Torrontes grapes
Torrontes Riojano: Criolla Chica x Muscat of A.
Torrontes Mendocino: Muscat x ?
Torrontes Sanjuanino: Criolla Chica x Muscat of A
*may all be labeled as Torrontes
Torrontes Riojano is a crossing of what 2 grapes?
Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alex.
Top 4 grapes of Argentina
Malbec
Torrontes Riojano
Torrontes Mendocino
Torrontes Sanjuanino
Argentina is the ___ largest wine-producing country in world
5th
Argentina is the ___ largest exporter in world
7th
The most important WM country in S. America
Argentina
Vines in Argentina are on the ___ part of country
Western
Argentina climate
Dry Continental
Major climatic influences of Argentina
Rain Shadow Effect (Andes)
Zonda: hot dusty wind that blows down from mountains in late spring/early summer
High Elevations
Zonda
(Argentina)
Hot dusty wind that blows down from mountains late spring/early summer; affects flowering.
Bonarda is called what in Savoie and USA?
Corbeau (Savoie)
Charbono (USA)
*not related to Italian Bonarda
Pedro Giménez
Most-planted white grape in Argentina
Not related to Pedro Ximinez
Most-planted white grape of Argentina
Pedro Giménez
Reserva vs. Gran Reserva
Argentina
Reserva W: 6 mo aging
Reserva R: 12 mo aging
Gran Reserva W: 12 mo aging
Gran Reserva R: 24 mo aging
*also limits max. yields
*only for premium wine grapes (no Criolla Chica/Cereza)
N-most region of Argentina
Salta
Salta sub-regions
El Arenal
Molinos
Cafayate
Cafayate climate & grapes
(Argentina - Salta)
Cool mountain climate
Torrontés
3 Cafayate producers
(Argentina - Salta)
Susana Balbo “Crios”
Etchart
Yacochuya (Etchart)
Catamarca Grapes
(Argentina - Salta)
Torrontés
Syrah
Malbec
CS
Cuyo Subregions
(Argentina)
La Rioja
San Juan
Mendoza
Mendoza Subregions
(Argentina - Cuyo)
N. Mendoza
Eastern Mendoza
S. Mendoza
Uco Valley (W)
Central Mendoza
La Rioja Subregion
(Argentina - Cuyo)
Famatina Valley
La Rioja Grapes
(Argentina - Cuyo)
Torrontés
Malbec
Famatina Valley IG
(Argentina - Cuyo)
La Rioja Subregion
5 San Juan IG Subregion
(Argentina - Cuyo)
5:
Tulum
Zonda
Ullum
Jáchal
Fertil Valley
San Juan IG Climate
(Argentina - Cuyo)
Hot!
San Juan IG Wine Styles
Brandy, Vermouth, Sherry
San Juan IG Grapes
(Argentina - Cuyo)
Pink-skinned varieties
Syrah
Bonarda
What is Bonarda called in San Juan?
(Argentina - Cuyo)
Barbera Bonarda
Mendoza IG Climate
(Argentina - Cuyo)
Desert-like -> irrigation necessary
Where is Mendoza located?
(Argentina)
Cuyo
Furrow vs. Drip Irrigation
(Argentina)
Furrow Irrigation:
Developed by Incas
Chanels direct river water (incl. snowmelt from Andes) through vineyards
Mendoza IG Grapes
(Argentina - Cuyo)
> 50% Red:
Malbec
Cab Sauv
Chardonnay
Sémillon
Chenin Blanc
*Pink Skinned grapes account for 1/4 production (bulk wine/grape concentration)
5 Mendoza Producers
(Argentina - Cuyo)
Achàval Ferrer (single-vineyard Malbec)
Cheval des Andes
Catena
Dominio del Plata (Susana Balbo)
Bressia
Cheval des Andes
Mendoza
JV between Ch. Cheval Blanc & Terrazes de los Andes
Central Mendoza Subregions
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Lujan de Cuyo IG/DOC
Maipù IG
What is the only DOC for Malbec in Argentina?
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza - Central Mendoza)
Lujan de Cuyo DOC
Lujan de Cuyo
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Central Mendoza Subregion
*only DOC for Malbec
Lujan de Cuyo Producers
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza - Central Mendoza)
Catena
Dominio del Plata (Susana Balbo)
Bressia
Achával Ferrer
Maipù IG
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Central Mendoza Subregion
Uco Valley IG Grapes
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Chardonnay & Semillon
*do well in high-altitude vineyards
Where is the Uco Valley IG located?
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Western part of Mendoza
Uco Valley IG vineyards are characterized by what?
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
High altitude
Uco Valley Subregions
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Tupungato IG
Tupungato IG
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Uco Valley Subregion
Southern Mendoza Grapes
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Chenin Blanc
Where does Chenin Blanc do best in Argentina?
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Southern Mendoza
Southern Mendoza Subregions
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza - S. Mendoza)
San Rafael DOC
General Alvear IG
San Rafael IG/DOC
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza - S. Mendoza)
Chenin Blanc
*not known for fine wine
Only producer to use San Rafael DOC
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza - S. Mendoza)
Valentin Bianchi
Valentin Bianchi
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza - S. Mendoza)
Only producer to use San Rafael DOC
Argentina’s 2 DOC’s
Lujan de Cuyo DOC (Cuyo - Mendoza - Central Mendoza)
San Rafael DOC (Cuyo - Mendoza - S. Mendoza)
General Alvear IG
(Argentina - Cuyo - Mendoza)
Southern Mendoza Subregion
Patagonia IG Climate & Soil
(Argentina)
Cool Climate (longer growing season)
Chalky
Patagonia IG Grapes
(Argentina)
Torrontés
Sémillon
Malbec
Cab Sauv
MErtlo
Pinot Noir
Patagonia IG Subregions
(Argentina)
Rio Negro
Neuquén
La Pampa
Rio Negro
(Argentina)
Patagonia Subregion
La Pampa
(Argentina)
Patagonia Subregion
Neuquén
(Argentina)
Patagonia Subregion
Patagonia Producers
(Argentina)
Bodega Noemía di Patagonia (Malbec)
Bodegas Chacra (Rio Negro PN)
Bodegas Chacra
(Argentina)
Rio Negro Producer
PN
*Sassicaia Fam
What other countries in SA produce wine? (aside from Chile/Argentina)
Brazil
Uruguay
Paraguay
Peru
Bolivia
Ecuador
Where is wine produced in Brazil?
Southern part of country
Brazil produces what wine styles?
Mostly red
1/4 sparkling
Brazil Grapes
International
Iberian: Aragonez & Touriga Nacional
Brazil: major region of production
Rio Grande do Sul (S)
Brazil: 5 major regions of production
Rio Grande do Sul (S)
Sao Joaquim (S)
Serra do Sudeste (S)
Campanha (S)
Sao Francisco Valley (N)
Which region in Brazil has 2 harvests/year?
Sao Francisco Valley (N)
Tropical!
90% of Brazil’s wine is produced in what region?
(Rio Grande do Sul)
Serra Gaúcha
Serra Gaucha Subregion
(Rio Grande do Sul)
Vale dos Vinhedos
*1st Origin Indication
Brazil’s 1st Origin Indication
(Rio Grande do Sul - Serra Gaucha)
Vale dos Vinhedos
4th largest producer in SA
Uruguay
Major Grape of Uruguay
Tannat
What is Tannat called in Uruguay
Harriague
*named after Frenchman who brought it
What is chacra?
is the local word for a square farm divided into four equal squares by canals.
What is the minimum percentage required to label a grape or region in Argentina?
0.8
Which of Torrontés grapes is considered the highest quality?
Torrontés Riojano
Nicolás by Catena Zapata is a blend of Malbec and what other grape?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Which region is closest to Buenos Aires?
La Pampa
In what century was the Quinta Normal founded?
19th century
Los Aromos
vineyard of Terrazas de los Andes, planted to Cabernet Sauvignon
Las Compuertas
vineyard of Terrazas de los Andes, planted to Malbec
The owner of Terrazas de los Andes
Chandon Argentina
1992
Parral vine training system
Pergola
Which river flows through San Juan?
Río Desaguadero
What is the grape parentage of Malbec
Prunelard x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes
the first in Argentina to be awarded five stars from Decanter Magazine
Finca Altamira
Achaval Ferrer
3 “fincas” of Achaval Ferrer
Finca Bella Vista
Finca Mirador
Finca Altamira
Who is the producer of “Estrella?”
Weinert
