Eastern Europe Flashcards
1
Q
These are the two rivers that influence the region of Tokaj in Hungary
A
Tisza
Bodrog
2
Q
Number of Villages in the Region of Tokaj
A
28
3
Q
4 best producers (estates) of Tokaj in Hungary
A
Royal Tokaji
Tokaji Omerus (Vega Sicilia)
Disznoko
Kiralyudvar
4
Q
The Tokaj Region is sheltered by what mountain range
A
Carpathian
5
Q
number of growths in Tokaj
A
3
6
Q
number of first growth vineyards in tokaj
A
74
7
Q
the free run juice from noble rot grapes of Tokaji is known as what
A
Esszencia
8
Q
Puttony (puttonyos)
A
Containers that hold 25kg of grapes in Tokaj
9
Q
Gonci
A
This is a hungarian oak cask, 136 liters in size used in the production of tokaj
10
Q
Number of Puttony added to the Gonci
A
This determines the final sweetness level of Tokaji
11
Q
How long is Tokaj aged prior to release
A
3 years
12
Q
Number of months in Barrel for Tokaj production
A
18
13
Q
minimum number of g/l of sugar in Tokaji
A
120 g/l
14
Q
minimum alcohol of Tokaji
A
0.09
15
Q
Tokaji Szamorodni
A
this style of tokaj means as it comes and can be a mix of Tokaj Aszu and non Aszu grapes aged for a minimum of 2 years
16
Q
name for sweet Szamorodni wines in Tokaj
A
Edes
17
Q
name for dry Szamorodni wines in Tokaj
A
Szaras
18
Q
two wines made from refermenting wines with the used paste of Tokaji Aszu
A
Forditas
Maslas
19
Q
what year were all other countries other than Hungary supposed to stop using the word or synonyms of Tokaji on labels
A
2007
20
Q
Three major geographical zones of Hungary
A
North Hungary
Transdanubia
Southern Great Plain
21
Q
Quality wine region in Bulgaria
A
DGO
22
Q
Number of zones total for DGO and Controlrian regions in Bulgaria
A
47
23
Q
5 large regions of wine production in Bulgaria
A
Northern Danubian Plain
Thracian Lowlands
Black Sea (eastern)
Struma River Valley (western)
Rose Valley
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24
Q
what are wines from Bulgaria labeled if they are fermented in 500l oak casks
A
Barik
25
two most planted international varieties in Bulgaria
Cabernet an Merlot
26
two most widely grown native red grapes in Bulgaria
Gamza (Kadarka)
Mavrud
27
Red international varieties grown in Romania
Cabernet, Pinot, Merlot
28
two most cultivated white grapes in Romania
Fetesaca Alba
Fetesaca Regala
29
table wine designations in Romania
VM (vin de masa)
VMS (vin de masa superiore)
30
Designation in Romania for grapes harvested at full maturity
DOC - CMD
31
Designation in Romania for late harvest grapes
DOC - CT
32
Designation in Romania for Botrytis affected grapes
DOC - CIB
33
Major mountain range through the middle of Romania
Carpathian
34
Major river that flows east through Romania down towards the black sea
Danube
35
Wine regions surrounding the Carpathian mountains in Romania
Moldavia
Muntenia Oltenia
Banat
Crisana-Maramures
36
two wine regions along the black sea coast of Romania
Dobrogea
Danube Terraces
37
This DOC is in the Transylvania regions of Romania and the most important to wine making in the country
Tarnave DOC
38
The DOC of Cotnari in Moldovia is famous in Romania for what style of wine
Sweet
39
This DOC in the area of Muntenia-Oltenia in Romania is making a splash in the industry with its production of Cabernet and Pinot Noir
Dealu Mare
40
This DOC in Dobrogea of Romania is producing wines from Cab sauv/Franc, Pinot, and late harvest Chardonnay
Murfatlar
41
Three wine regions of Slovenia
Primorska (boarders Friuli)
Podravje (NE)
Posavje (boarders croatia)
42
Slovenia's star producer
Ales Kristancic (Movia)
43
Name of Refosco in Slovenia
Refosk
44
Name for Ribolla Gialla in Slovenia
Rebula
45
Name for Pinot Grigio in Slovenia
Sivi Pinot
46
what is most of the Posavje region in Slovenia Planted to (white or red)
Grasevina (white)
47
What native Croation makes wines in Slovenia that is famous in Napa
Mike Grgich
48
Slovakia has how many wine producing regions
6
49
What area of Slovakia are most of the wine regions
South
50
Of the Six Slovakian wine regions which one is synonymous with Hungary's Tokaj?
Tokajska
51
the Czech Republic has how many major wine producing regions
2
52
Two principle wine regions of the Czech Republic
Bohemia (north)
Moravia (south)
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53
In which wine region in the Czech Republic is 96% of the wine made
Moravia
54
What grape ripeness model does the Czech Republic follow
Germany
55
Geographical designation in the Czech Republic
VOC
56
the first VOC in Moravia in the Czech Republic
Znojmo
57
Black sea
Caspian Sea
Between what two seas does the Russian Federation produce most of its wine
58
Ukraine
most important wine growing nation in the former Soviet Republic
59
5 wine growing regions in Ukraine
60
Georgia
This former republic has the some of the oldest vines in the world and is home to 5 subzones of wine production
61
5 subzones of Georgia (republic)
Kakheti, Kartli, Imereti, Racha-Lechkhumi, and a subtropical zone
62
Ararat
Most important wine growing valley in Armenia
63
Leanyka=
Feteaska alba
64
When was Greece first implemented wine laws?
- 1969 & 1970
(most of the country's appellations established in 1971)
65
What are the two level of PDO in Greece?
- Appellation of Superior Quality (AOSQ/ OPAP)
- Controlled Appellation of Origin (AOC/ OPE)
66
Define the requirements for Greece's PDO wines aging designation
"Reserve"
- White: 12 mths (6 mths wood/ 3 mths bottle)
- Red: 24 mths (12 mths wood/ 6 mths bottle)
"Grand Reserve"
- White: 24 mths (12 mths wood/ 6 mths bottle)
- Red: 48 mths (18 mths wood/ 18 mths bottle)
67
What is "Palaiomenos se vareli"?
- For PDO or PGI
- Added to Cava, Reserve, Grand Reserve
- Indicates oak aging beyond the required minimum
68
What are the categories BELOW the PDO in Greece?
## PGI wines: Traditional appellations (Retsina, Verdea)
- "Varietal": Carry vintage and varietal
- "Table": NOT allowed to carry vintage and varietal
69
Greece's PGI zones are divided into....
- Regional (major regions)
- District
- Area (may only single estate)
70
What does "Cava" indicate on Greece's PGI wines?
For PGI wines:
- White & Rosé: 12 mths (6 mths wood)
- Red: 36 mths (12 mths wood)
71
What are the BIG FIVE players of Greek wine?
- Achaia Clauss
- Kambas
- Boutari
- Kourtaki
- Tsantali
72
Greece can be divided into how many regions?
1) Ionian Islands
2) Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
3) Aegean Islands
4) Crete
5) Thrace
6) Thessalia
7) Epirus
8) Macedonia
9) Peloponnese
73
What are the mainland regions in Greece?
6
1) Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) (No PDO)
2) Thrace (No PDO)
3) Thessalia
4) Epirus
5) Macedonia
6) Peloponnese
74
What are the Island regions in Greece?
1) Ionian Islands
2) Aegean Islands
3) Crete
75
Which regions in Greece contains NO PDO zone?
- Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
- Thrace
76
What is Stefani?
- Vine training system in Santorini PDO
- Like shape of baskets or wreaths
- Protect vines from Aegean winds
- Collect the morning moisture
77
What is Vin Liastos/ Liasta?
"Straw wines" for Greek wine
- Sweet wine made by sun-dried grapes after the harvest
78
Name some PDO Zones within Macedonia
1) Goumenissa
2) Amynteo
3) Naoussa
4) Slopes of Meliton
79
Briefly explain the growing conditions of Macedonia (Greece)
- High altitude (Macedonia mountains)
- Cool climate
80
______ PDO & Amynteo PDO are produced red wines solely from firmly tannic red grape ______ in Macedonia region
- Naoussa
- 100% Xinomavro (red)
81
Goumenissa PDO produces lighter Xinomavro wines with the addition of min. 20% ______ (grape) in _______ (region)
- Negoska (red)
- Macedonia
82
Amynteo PDO is the Greece's coolest region and allowing production of rosé wines (Dry to semi sweet, still to sparkling) made from 100% ______ (grape) in ______ (region)
- 100% Xinomavro
- Macedonia
83
Cotes de Meliton PDO is monopole for ______ for dry red and white wines, what grapes?
- Domaine Porto Carras
- White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Rhoditis
- Red: CS, CF, Limnio
84
Evangelos Gerovassiliou (Winemaker of Domaine Carras) produces varietal wines of highly aromatic from ________ (grape) in the PGI Thessaloniki (Northern Macedonia)
- Malagousia (white)
- Domaine Gerovassiliou
85
How many PDO Zones within Thessalia (Greece)?
1) Anchialos (Dry to semi-sweet White)
2) Rapsani (Dry Red)
3) Messenikola (Dry Red)
86
Anchialos PDO is the zone within ______ PDO and produces only white wine from min. 75% ______ (grape) and Max. 25% Savvatiano
- Thessalia PDO (Greece)
- Roditis (white)
87
What is Rapsani?
- A PDO zone within Thessalia PDO (Greece)
- Dry Red: Xinomavro, Krassato, Stavroto
88
How many PDO zone within Epirus (Greece)?
1) Zitsa PDO
- Dry white, dry to semi-dry sparkling
- 100% Debina (white)
89
What is Debina?
- White Greek grape primarily in the Zitsa PDO of Epirus (region) for dry white and sparkling wines
90
3 PDO Zones within Ionian Islands (Greece)?
1) Robola of Cephalonia (Dry white)
2) Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia (VDN red)
3) Muscat of Cephalonia (VDN, VDL white)
91
What is Verdea?
- "Sherry-like" oxidative white wine (Ionian Islands)
- PGI Verdea zone (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos)
- Dry to med-dry style
- Grape: min. 50% Skiadopoulo + up to 34 grapes
92
Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) PDO contains NO PDO zone, true or false?
- True
- It makes Retsina from PGI Attiki (District)
93
PGI District Attiki (Attica) is famous for the production of ______ (wine) and made using ______ (grape) in Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
- Retsina
- Savvatiano
94
What is Retsina?
- An aromatized wine Flavoured with Aleppo pine resin (松脂)
- White grape: Savvatiano
- Vintage-dated is NOT allowed
95
7 PDO Zones within Peloponnese (Greece)?
1) Muscat of Patras (VDN, VDL, Passito)
2) Muscat of Rio Patras (VDN, VDL, Passito)
3) Mavrodaphne of Patras (Red VDL)
4) Patras (Dry to Semi-sweet White)
5) Nemea (Dry to sweet Red)
6) Mantinia (Dry and sparkling White)
7) Monemvassia-Malvasia (Sweet White, VDN)
96
What is the wine style of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Red VDL (non-dried or dried grapes)
- Min. 51% Mavrodaphne + Mavri Korinthiaki
- Min. 1 yr in wood of 1000L or less
- "Non-vintage blends" min. 3 yrs of aging
97
Define the aging requirements of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO:
- "Reserve"
- "Vieille Reserve"
- "Grand Reserve"
- "Reserve": Min. 3 yrs (2 yrs cask/ 1 yr bottle)
- "Vieille Reserve": Min. 5 yrs (2 yrs cask/ 2 yrs bottle)
- "Grand Reserve": Min. 7 yrs (3 yrs cask/ 3 yrs bottle)
98
What are the wine styles of Muscat of Patras & Muscat of Rio Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- White VDN, VDL, Passito
- 100% Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (also called Moschato Aspro)
99
What is the synonym of Moschato Aspro (grape)?
- Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (in Muscat of Patras & Muscat of Rio Patras PDO, Peloponnese)
100
What are the wine styles of Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Dry to semi-sweet White
- 100% Roditis
101
What are the wine styles of Mantinia PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Still and Sparkling White
- Min. 85% Moschofilero + Asproudes
(Moschofilero: Red-skinned grape with Muscat-like aromas)
102
What is the synonym of St. George (grape)?
Red grape: Agiorgitiko (Nemea PDO, Peloponnese)
103
What are the wine styles of Nemea PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Dry to semi-sweet Red, Red VDN, VDL, Passito
- 100% Agiorgitiko (St. George) (Red)
- Koutsi is the most famous village
104
What are the wine styles of Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Sweet white, VDN white
- min. 51% Monemvassia + Assyrtiko
- Aged for 2 yrs in Oxidative environment
105
8 PDO Zones within Aegean Islands (Greece)?
1) Santorini
2) Samos
3) Paros
4) Malvasia Paros
5) Lemnos
6) Muscat of Lemnos
7) Rhodes
8) Muscat of Rhodes
106
What is the soil type in Santorini for Assyrtiko grape?
Poor, volcanic soils
107
What are the wine styles of Santorini PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry white: 75% Assyrtiko + Athiri, Aidani
- White Vinsanto: 51% Assyrtiko + Athiri, Aidani
108
What are the wine styles of Paros PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry white: 100% Monemvasia
- Dry red: co-ferment of min. 35% Mandelaria (red) & Monemvasia (white)
109
What are the wine styles of Malvasia Paros PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White VDN from dried grapes, Passito
- White: 85% Monemvasia + Assyrtiko
110
What are the wine styles of Lemnos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry to sweet white, Dry red, Passito, VDL
- White: Moschato Alexandrias
- Dry Red: Limnio (Kalampaki)
111
What are the wine styles of Muscat of Lemnos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White Passto, VDN, VDL
- White: Moschato Alexandrias
112
What are the wine styles of Samos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White VDN, VDL, Vin Liastos
- White: 100% Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc)
## Samos Nectar: similar to vin de paille, non-fortified wine produced from straw-dried grapes and aged for 3 yrs (14% abv)
113
What are the wine styles of Rhodes PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry to sweet white: 70% Athiri
- Dry to semi-sweet rosé & red: 70% Mandilaria
114
What are the wine styles of Muscat of Rhodes PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White Passto, VDN, VDL
- White: Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc)
115
7 PDO Zones within Crete (Greece)?
1) Archanes
2) Dafnes
3) Peza
4) Sitia
5) Malvasia Sitia
6) Candia
7) Malvasia Candia
116
What is the wine style of Archanes PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry Red (only!)
- Kotsifali & Mandilaria (red) (Same as Peza & Candia)
117
What are the wine styles of Dafnes PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry red, VDL & VDN red, Vin Liastos (Passito)
- 100% Liatiko (red)
118
What are the wine styles of Peza PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry white & red
- White: 100% Vilana
- Red: Kotsifali & Mandilaria (Same as Archanes & Candia)
119
What are the wine styles of Sitia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry white & red, VDN & VDL red, Vin Liastos
- White: min. 70% Vilana + Thrapsathiri
- Red: 80% Liatiko + Mandilaria
- VDN red: 100% Liatiko
120
What are the wine styles of Malvasia Sitia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Sweet white (RS 80g), VDN white
- White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
121
What are the wine styles of Candia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry white & red
- White: Vilana, Assyrtiko, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
- Red: Kotsifali & Mandilaria (Same as Archanes & Peza)
122
What are the wine styles of Malvasia Candia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
Sweet white (RS 80g), VDN white
- White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
(Same as Malvasia Sitia)
123
Hungary can be divided into 3 major geographical zones of wine production, which are they?
1) North Hungary (includes Tokaj & Eger)
2) Great Plain/ Danube
3) Transdanubia
124
Briefly explain the climate conditions of Hungary
1) Continental climate (short cold winter, long warm summer)
2) Rainfall 600mm per year
3) [Transdanubia] around Lake Balaton (protected from winds)
125
What is the largest region in Hungary?
Kunság (Great Plain)
126
What are the most important rivers in Tokaj?
- Tisza River
- Bodrog River
127
Tokaj region is sheltered by which mountains? enjoys a warm continental climate with long, humid autumn (perfect for botrytis)
Carpathian Mountains
128
What is Rákóczy original classification?
- A vineyard classification of Tokaj (1772)
- Vineyards of Tokaj & its villages divided into 1st, 2nd, 3rd growths
1st Growths (74 villages): Szarvas, Mézes Mály
129
Name some leading producers of Tokaji Aszú
- Royal Tokaji Company
- Tokaj Oremus (Vega Sicilia)
- Disznókõ
- Királyudvar
130
What is Puttony?
- The container used to gathered all the handpicked Aszú grapes (it holds approx. 25KG/ 30Liters)
131
What are the principal grapes of Tokaj region?
- Furmint and Hárslevelú
# Minors:
- Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc)
- Zéta (Oremus)
- Kabar
- Kövérszóló
132
What is gönc?
- A small Hungarian oak barrel (136L) used for the production of Tokaji wine
133
What is Eszencia?
- A style of Tokaji made from Free-run juice
- PA: 27% abv/ AA: 1.2-8% abv
- RS: min. 450 g/l
- Aged for min. 3 yrs (with 2 yrs in barrel)
- Yield: 2 tons/ ha
134
What is Szamorodni?
- A style of Tokaji (means "as it comes")
- Mixed of aszú & non-aszú grapes
- Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)
- Often oxidative in style (min. 2 yrs in barrel)
- May be under film-forming yeast (like flor)
135
What are the Residual sugar requirement of Száraz (dry) and édes (sweet)?
- Száraz (dry): max. 9 g/l
- édes (sweet): min. 45 g/l
136
What are the Residual Sugar requirement of the following categories?
- Szamorodni "száraz"
- Szamorodni "édes"
- ## Aszú (2013)
- Aszú 3 Puttonyons
- Aszú 4 Puttonyons
- Aszú 5 Puttonyons
- Aszú 6 Puttonyons
- Aszú Eszencia
- Eszencia
- Szamorodni "száraz": max. 9 g/l
- Szamorodni "édes": min. 45 g/l
- ## Aszú (2013): min. 120 g/l
- Aszú 3 Puttonyons: min. 60 g/l
- Aszú 4 Puttonyons: min. 90 g/l
- Aszú 5 Puttonyons: min. 120 g/l
- Aszú 6 Puttonyons: min. 150 g/l
- Aszú Eszencia: min. 180 g/l
- Eszencia: min. 450 g/l
137
From the 2013 vintage, which Tokaji style categories were eliminated?
- Aszú 3 Puttonyons
- Aszú 4 Puttonyons
- Aszú 5 Puttonyons
- Aszú 6 Puttonyons
- Aszú Eszencia
138
From the 2013 vintage, modern Tokaj Aszú is simply labeled ______ and it ages for ____ years (with _____ months in barrel) prior release. It contains at least _____ of residual sugar and min. alcohol of _____ % abv
- "Aszú"
- 3 years (18 mths in barrel)
- 120 g/l
- 9% abv
139
Oremus Estate is owned by? where is it?
- Tokaji (Hungary)
- 1993 bought by David Álvarez (Owner of Vega Sicilia)
140
What is Fordítás?
- A style of Tokaji
- Re-fermenting wine/ must poured on pressed aszú paste (Marc)
- Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)
141
What is Máslás?
- A style of Tokaji
- Re-fermenting new wine/ must poured on aszú lees
- Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)
142
What is Kékfrankos?
Red Grape: Blaufränkisch (Hungary)
143
What is Kékoportó?
Red Grape: Blauer Portugieser (Hungary)
144
What is Egri Bikavèr?
- Also known as "Bull's Blood of Eger"
- Blended red base with Kadarka, Kékfrankos + CS, CF, PN
- ONLY Eger (North Hungary) and Szekszárd (Transdanubia) can use the term "Bikavèr"
145
What is the principal grape of Sopron PDO?
(North-west of Hungary, Austria's Burgenland border)
- Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch)
146
What is the principal grape of Villány PDO?
(Southernmost of Hungary)
- Bordeaux varieties
- Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch)
- Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
147
Name some regions of Romania
1) Moldova (東北)
2) Dobrogea (東南)
3) Muntenia & Oltenia (南)
4) Banat (西)
5) Crisana & Maramures (西北)
6) Transylvania Plateau (中)
7) Danube Terraces
148
Briefly explain the climate conditions of Romania
1) Carpathian Mountains give great impact
2) North & West: Continental (cold short winter, warm summer)
3) East: Maritime (black sea, mild winter, hot summer)
149
What are the soil types of Romania?
- Stony (Carpathian Mountains)
- Alluvial & sand (Coastal)
150
Define the Wine classification system in Romania (2012)
## Quality wines
- DOC (PDO)
- VS (PGI)
## Table wines (Wines for current consumption)
- Vin de Masa Superior/ VMS (Superior table wine)
- Vin de Masa/VM (Table wine)
151
Define the meaning of these subcategories of DOC wines in Romania:
- DOC-CMD
- DOC-CT
- DOC-CIB
- DOC-CMD: Grape harvested at full maturity
- DOC-CT: Late-harvested grapes
- DOC-CIB: Botrytis-affected grapes
152
Where is the origin of Feteasca Alba & Feteasca Regala?
Romania
153
Name 5 regions of Bulgaria
1) Danubian Plain (Northern Bulgaria)
2) Black Sea (Eastern Bulgaria)
3) Rose Valley (Sub Balkan)
4) Thracian Lowlands (Southern Bulgaria)
5) Struma Valley (South-western Bulgaria)
154
When was Bulgaria's wine regulations introduced?
1978
155
What are the classifications of Bulgaria's wine with designation of origin?
- DGO (Declared Geographical Origin)
- Controliran (Specified varieties in specified areas)
156
Name two quality categories for Bulgaria's wines
- Reserve wines: aged for 12 mths (either barrel or other)
- Special reserve: aged for 18 mths (6 mths in barrel)
157
Name a producer from Croatia
- Roxanich (Istria)
## " Teran" Refosco-based
## "Super Istria" Cab Sau-based
158
Where is Commandaria?
- A sweet wine region in Cyprus
159
Furmint, the traditional white grape in Slovenia, also known as
Šipon
160
Šipon
Furmint in Slovenia
161
Major history of Hungary and wine production?
-the first region in Europe to classify vineyards
-Aszu (botrytized grapes date back to 1500, before Sauternes and German dessert wines
-fluctuations in power and wine quality through constant wars in area and then the iron curtain.
162
climate of Tokaji region?
warm continental with moderating influence from Carpathian mountains and Convergence of the two rivers (Tisza and Bodrog rivers).
163
soil in Tokaji region?
mix with volcanic base
164
Classifications of vineyards in Hungary
Separated into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd growths
165
Main Red and White grape varietals in Hungary?
White:
Furmint*, Harslevelu, Muscat a petite
grains
Red:
Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet
France, Merlot, Pinot Noir,
Kadarko, Kekfrankos (Bulls Blood)
166
What is a puttony?
- The container used to gather all the handpicked Aszú grapes (it holds approx. 25KG/ 30Liters)
167
What is Esszencia?
Esszencia is a very small fraction of free-run juice that is allowed to settle out of the aszu must and vinified separatley
168
what is a Gonci?
Barrles of must or base wine from non-aszu grapes that are blended with the aszu paste to make Tokaji
135.75 litres
169
sweetness levels of Tokaji?
-from 3-6 puttony, more takaji paste = sweeter
-Tokaji aszu esszencia= rare, expensive wine, 18-45% sugar
-Tokaji esszencia= increddibly rare and in good years only, 45-90% sugar
170
Vinification and aging requirements of Tokaji?
-Aged for 3 years w/ min 18 months in barrel
min of 120g/L sugar (5 puttonyos, 12-15% sugar, 9% OH)
-Tokaji Esszencia ferments for decades just to reach 4-6% OH
171
Tokaji Szamorodni
Can be made dry (szaraz) or sweet (edes)
Even dry wines will show botrytis characted
1 year in cask, 2 years aging before release
Dry wines aged like fino sherry, with flor-like yeast
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Who is the winemaker/owner of the Demeter Zoltan winery?
Zoltan Demeter (Hungary puts surname first on labels )
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What is the main river that splits Hungary?
Danube River, called Duna in native language
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Ancient history of wine making in Greece
Wine has been made in Greece for at least 4,000 years. Large wineries still dominate the industry. The fine wine industry is only several decades old with the rise of small boutique wineries making the most of the world's most unique indigenous grape varieties using the country's unique soils and climates
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Table wine in Greece
Retsina (an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin) from Savatiano grapes
Corinthiaki
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Primary white grape varieties in Greece
Assyrtiko
Roditis
Moschofilero
White Muscat
Savatiano
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Primary red grape varieties in Greece
Xynomavro
Agiorgitiko
mavrodaphne
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Greek quality wine levels (Protected Designation of Origin--PDO)
Controlled Appellation of Origin (AOC/OPE)
Appellation of Superior Quality (AOSQ/OPAP)
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Controlled Appellation of Origin
Reserved for traditional sweet wine
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"Reserve" wines in Greece
Whites: One year of aging, with minimum 6 months in barrel and three months in bottle
Red: Two years of aging, with minimum one year in barrel and six months in bottle
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"Grand Reserve" wines in Greece
Whites: Two years of aging, with minimum one year in barrel and 6 months in bottle
Red: Four years of aging, with minimum 18 months in barrel and 18 months in bottle
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Protected Geographical Indication
Below the PDO category
"Varietal" wines carry a vintage and variety on the label
"Table" wines
PGI category includes the traditional appellations of Retsina and Verdea
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Major wine regions in Greece
Macedonia
Epirus
Peloponnese
Thessalia
Thrace
Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
Ionian Islands
Aegean Islands
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Macedonia
Home to some of Greece's best dry red wines made from 100% Xinomavro or a blend of 20% Negoska
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Thrace
Northeastern Greece. No PDO regions
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Thessalia
Rapsani PDO includes four villages on the lower slopes of Mt. Olympus. The appellation is the southernmost outpost of the Xinomavro grape. The grape's tannins and acid structure are softened by the warmer climate and mandatory blending with the lighter Krasato and Stavroto grapes. Messenikola PDO also produces red wines, whereas the Anchialos PDO only allows white wines, blended from Roditis and Savvatiano grapes from higher-altitude vineyards.
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Epirus
Contains only one PDO: Zitsa. Dry, semisweet, and sparkling wines are produced from the Debina grape.
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Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
The bastion of Retsina. Attiki, the region surrounding Athens, is the center of production. The low-acid Savvatiano, preferred for Retsina as it retains some varietal character when resinated, is the chief grape in the region. The second most planted variety is Roditis, the common name for a closely linked family of pink-skinned grapes. There are no PDO zones.
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Peloponnese
PDO zones of
Nemea
Mantinia
Patras
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Patras PDO
Dry white wines produced from 100% Roditis
Three dessert PDOs connected to the region:
Muscat of Patras
Muscat of Rio Patras
Mavrodaphne of Patras
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Mavrodaphne of Patras
-Mavrodaphne ("black laurel") of Patras is a sweet, fortified red produced from Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korinthiaki.
-aged for at least one year in wood prior to release, but the wine may sometimes slumber in cask for a decade or more prior to bottling.
-Both vintage and non-vintage versions may be encountered. The Greeks often drink Mavrodaphne of Patras as an aperitif
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Ionian Islands
Four wine-producing islands:
Cephalonia (only island with a PDO)
Kerkyra (Corfu)
Lefkada
Zakynthos
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Aegean Islands: Crete
Crete, the largest and southernmost Greek isle accounts for approximately 20% of Greek wine production
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Aegean Islands: Santorini PDO
-White wines from Assyrtiko, sometimes blended with Athiri and Aidani
-Vines trained to be close to the ground in the Stefani shape of baskets or wreaths in order to protect them from the fierce Aegean winds
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Aegean Islands: Samos
The nation's most famous wines. The famed Muscat of Samos, now a PDO, received a form of appellation protection as early as 1934, when the island's growers were united under the Union of Vinicultural Cooperatives of Samos (EOSS). The island rises sharply from the sea, and vineyards are planted on high altitude, terraced slopes. On Samos, Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is known as Moscato Aspro, and is produced in vin de liqueur, vin doux naturel and naturally sweet versions. The naturally sweet version is called Samos Nectar, and is similar to vin de paille—the wine is produced from dried grapes and aged for a minimum of three years prior to release.
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Bulgaria wine production zones
Five large areas of production:
Danubian Plain (EU recognized)
Thracian Lowlands (EU recognized)
Black Sea Region
Struma River Valley
Rose Valley
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Bulgaria wine history
-Known for cheap mass production, but came to a halt during the communist-run governement.
-UC Davis experts were instrumental in modernizing the industry and developing a fruit-forward, cask-aged style of Cabernet Sauvignon
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Bulgaria wine laws
Quality Wines produced in a Specific Region include DGO (Declared Geographic Origin/Vino ot Deklariran Geografski) wines and the Controliran wines.
All quality wines may be labeled "barik" if the fermentation occurred in oak casks of 500L or less in volume. DGO wines may be labeled "Reserve" or "Special Selection" with one or two years of aging, respectively.
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Controliran wines
Controliran is a superior controlled appellation of origin within a DGO
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Bulgaria grapes
mainly red wine production with international grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon and merlot leading as well as native Gamza (Kadarka) and deep-colored Mavrud are widely grown.
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Romonia wine history
old wine growing region took massive hit during iron curtain and communist rule. Mass production low quality grapes.
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Romania grapes
Romania is increasing plantings of red grapes, including the international varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Pinot Noir. The most cultivated grapes in the country are the indigenous white grapes Fetească Albă and Fetească Regală. Riesling Italico (Welschriesling), Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscat Ottonel and Pinot Gris also enjoy significant acreage.
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Romania wine classifications
two broad categories: "Wines for Current Consumption," or table wines, and Quality Wines. The table wines were subdivided into the categories VM (table wine/Vin de Masa) and VMS (superior table wine/Vin de Masa Superior). Quality Wines are classified as either VS (quality wines with a geographic designation/Vin de Calitate Superioara, a PGI designation) or DOC (Denumire de Origine Controlata, a PDO designation).
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DOC sub classification Romania
DOC-CMD: grapes harvested at full maturity
DOC-CT: late-harvested grapes
DOC-CIB: botrytis-affected grapes
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Romania climate
cool continental
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Tokaj's rise to international acclaim came during a time when the region was ruled by which empire?
Austro-Hungarian
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Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, and Bulgaria all border the Black Sea.
A. True
B. False
True
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In what country are Cotnari wines produced?
Romania
Moldova region
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What types of wine may be produced in Tokaj?
Dry white and sweet white
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Movia
between Slovenia (ZGP Brda) and Italy (DOC Collio).
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Lunar wine
Movia
Slovenia
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Owner of Movia
Kristančič
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the largest producer in Romania
Cramele Recas
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Romania’s most planted variety
Feteasca Regala
White
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Fetească Albă
White grape from Romania
“white young girl”
Synonims - Leanka, Poama Fetei, Păsărească Albă, Mädchentraube
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Feteasca Regala parents
Feteasca alba + Grasa
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White grapes of Romania
Grasa de Cotnari
Feteasca alba
Feteasca regala
Galbena de Odobesti
Tamaioasa romaneasca
Busuioaca de Bohotin
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Red grapes of Romania
Babeasca neagra
Feteasca neagra
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3 categories of DOC wines in Romania as for the ripeness of the grapes
DOC – CMD (cules la maturitatea deplină) - урожай полной зрелости (содержание сахара в ягодах винограда не менее 187 г/л)
DOC–CT (cules târziu) - поздний сбор урожая (содержание сахара в ягодах винограда не менее 220 г/л для белых вин и 213 г/л для красных)
DOC–CIB (cules la înnobilarea boabelor) - сбор заизюмленных ягод винограда (содержание сахара не менее 240 г/л) или ягод, подверженных влиянию «благородной» плесени (в более ранней классификации румынских вин эта категория была выведена в отдельную группу - DOC- CSB
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Recas
Romania’s largest exporter
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2 PGIs in Bulgaria
- The Danubian Plains
- Thracian Lowlands
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Gamza =
Kadarka
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Kadarka's name in Bulgaria
Gamza
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How many PDO are they in Bulgaria
52
