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Important > Greece > Flashcards

Greece Flashcards

1
Q

This kind of wine was what the layman Greek drank until quality started to become a point of interest during the 20th century in greek production

A

Retsina

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2
Q

Amphore
Pine Resin

A

in ancient Greece, what vessels did they use to transport Retsina and what was it sealed with to prevent spoilage

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3
Q

Today, Retsina is made with what grape and is now flavored with pine resin rather than stored with it

A

Savvatiano

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4
Q

two larger producers that dominate the Greek wine industry

A

Tsantali
Boutari

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5
Q

Greece implemented wine laws in what years

A

1969/70

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6
Q

who oversees wine laws in Greece

A

Greek Wine Institute

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7
Q

Main larger designation for wine regions in Greece

A

PDO

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8
Q

two levels of PDO’s in Greece

A

AOC (sweet wines)
AOSQ (dry wines)

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9
Q

Aging requirements for Reserve white wines in Greece PDO’s

A

1 year (6 months barrel)

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10
Q

Aging requirements for Reserve reds in Greece PDOs

A

2 years (1 year barrel)

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11
Q

Grand Reserve white wine requirements in Greece

A

2 years (1 year barrel)

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12
Q

Grand Reserve red wine requirements in Greece

A

4 years (1.5 years barrel)

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13
Q

below the PDO category is this category in Greece that labels just varietals and table wine

A

PGI

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14
Q

PGI really refers to Retsina production and the production of this wine made on the island of Zakynthos in the Ionian Sea

A

Verdea

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15
Q

This term in Greece for the PGI designation refers to white and rose that are aged for at least 1 year and red wines that are aged for at least 3 years

A

Cava

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16
Q

6 Mainland regions of Greece

A

Macedonia
Epirus
Peloponnese
Thessiala
Thrace
Sterea Ellada (Central Greece)

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17
Q

The Islands of Greece are braodly categorized by these two areas

A

Aegean Islands
Ionoian Islands

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18
Q

These 2 regions on the mainland of Greece cannot claim any PDOs

A

Thrace
Central Greece

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19
Q

Best dry red wines from Greece come from what major region

A

Macedonia

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20
Q

These two PDOs in Macedonia only produce dry red wines from the tannic grape Xinomarvo

A

Naoussa
Amynteo

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21
Q

This PDO in Macedonia produces mostly red wines from Xinomarvo but can blend 20% Negoska into the wine

A

Goumenissa

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22
Q

What appellation is home to the major producer Boutari in Greece

A

Naoussa

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23
Q

This PDO in Macedonia is one of greece’s coolest regions and one of the few that produces Rose wines

A

Amynteo

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24
Q

The fourth PDO which is a single appellation for Domaine Carras makes wines from a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and the native Limnio

A

Plagies Melitona (Slopes of Meliton)

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25
Q

This Region is south of Macedonia and home to Mount Olympus

A

Thessalia

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26
Q

Three PDOs of Tessalia

A

Rapsani
Messenikola
Anchialos

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27
Q

This PDO is the southern most region for the production of the Red Xinomarvo grape and is blended with Krasato and Stavroto

A

Rapsani PDO

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28
Q

This region of Greece is on the Ionian Coast and only home to one PDO

A

Epirus

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29
Q

This is the Only PDO in Epirus in Greece and produces dry, semi sweet, and sparkling wines from the Debina Grape

A

Zitsa

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30
Q

This major region of Greece is the home to Retsina and surrounds the City of Athens

A

Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)

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31
Q

This region of Greece is a peninsula by virtue of a small Isthmus of Corinth and is directly south of Sterea Ellada

A

Peloponnese

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32
Q

three PDOs of Peloponnese

A

Nemea
Mantinia
Patras

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33
Q

Both dry and sweet Nemean wines are produced from this grape which is Greece’s most noble red varietal

A

Agiorgitiko (St. George)

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34
Q

Most famous subzone of Nemea for the great production of Agiorgitiko

A

Koutsi

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35
Q

The only PDO that produces any red wine in Peloponnese

A

Nemea

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36
Q

This PDO in Peloponnese is known for producing high quality white wines from Moschofilero which is a red skinned varietal

A

Mantinia

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37
Q

This appellations produces dry white wines from 100% Roditis but also produces sweet wines from three distinct regions

A

Patras PDO

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38
Q

This dessert wine from Patras PDO is usually aged for one year or more in wood but can often be seen aging for over a decade and is usually drank by greeks as an Aperitif and for the sacrament at greek orthodox churches

A

Mavrodaphne of Patras

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39
Q

This PDO was added in 2010 by the greeks which is on the south eastern coast of Peloponnese where the wines must be aged in an oxidative environment for 2 years prior to release and must be made from 51% Monemvassia

A

Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO

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40
Q

4 Ionioan producing islands of the coast of Greece

A

Cephalonia
Kerkyra (Corfu)
Lefkada
Zakynthos

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41
Q

The only Ionian Island that has a PDO that makes white wines from Robola (unrelated to Ribolla)

A

Cephalonia

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42
Q

PDO sweet wines from Cephalonia are made from what two grapes

A

Mavrodaphane
Muscat

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43
Q

This island off the coast of Peloponnese is of breathtaking beauty and home to Verdea Traditional Appellation wines

A

Zakynthos

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44
Q

This Island off to the south west of the mainland in Greece is larger, part of the Aegean Islands and accounts for 20% of Greek wine production

A

Crete

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45
Q

Two Red wine PDO zones on the Island of Crete

A

Archanes
Dafnes

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46
Q

Crete is home to these two PDO zones that produce both red and white wines

A

Peza
Sitia

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47
Q

in 2012 these three subzones were added as PDOs on the Island of Crete

A

Candia
Malvasia Candia
Malvasia Sitia

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48
Q

Major white grape varietal in PDO zones on the island of Crete

A

Vilana

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49
Q

Though Vilana is a wide planted white grape on the Island of Crete, most good wine makers prefer to showcase this grape because it better retains acidity

A

Vidiano

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50
Q

This is the most common Red grape planted through out the Aegean Islands

A

Mandilaria

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51
Q

This is an ancient grape that is red and produced on the Island of Crete that ripens in early July and after aging creates a very distinct Orange style of wine

A

Liatiko

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52
Q

PDO appellation that is exciting and part of the Cyclades Islands north of Crete in the Aegean that produces white wines from Asyrtiko

A

Santorini

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53
Q

Asyrtiko vines on Santorini must be grown in this basket shape close to the ground to protect the grapes from the wind

A

Stefani

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54
Q

Best Producer of Asyrtiko on Santorini

A

Peter Sigalas

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55
Q

This island near Santorini produces both red and white wines from Mandalaria and the white Monemvassia which is the only appellation that mandates blending of white and red grapes

A

Paros

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56
Q

This PDO is on the Isle of Samos just north of Paros and is a famous wine of greece and is usually sweet

A

Muscat of Samos

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57
Q

This is the grape varietal usually that on the Isle of Samos that usually is produced in the Vin de paille style where the grapes are dried and aged for a period of 3 years prior to release. This wine is also referred to as Samos Nectar

A

Muscat blanc a Petit Grains

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58
Q

These two Islands in the North East of the Aegean both have 2 PDOs but are rarely encountered out of the country

A

Lemnos
Rhodes

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59
Q

The PDO Slopes of Meliton

A

wine-growing area is located in the Sithonia peninsula, the “middle” leg of the region of Halkidiki (Macedonia)

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60
Q

The PDO Slopes of Meliton wine style

A

dry white: Athiri (50%), Roditis (35%) and Assyrtiko (15%)
dry red: Limnio, at a minimum of 70%, with Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc

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61
Q

the first Greek PDO wine to include international grape varieties in its blend

A

The PDO Slopes of Meliton

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62
Q

the 2 Greek PDO wine to include international grape varieties in its blend

A

Slopes of Meliton
Messenikola

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63
Q

single owner ofPDO Slopes of Meliton

A

Domaine Porto Carras.

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64
Q

Rapsani PDO grapes

A

the Red Xinomarvo grape and is blended with Krasato and Stavroto

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65
Q

Zitsa PDO grape

A

Debina

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66
Q

Mantinia grape

A

Moschofilero
which is a red skinned varietal

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67
Q

When was Greece first implemented wine laws?

A
  • 1969 & 1970
    (most of the country’s appellations established in 1971)
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68
Q

What are the two level of PDO in Greece?

A
  • Appellation of Superior Quality (AOSQ/ OPAP)
  • Controlled Appellation of Origin (AOC/ OPE)
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69
Q

Define the requirements for Greece’s PDO wines aging designation

A

“Reserve”
- White: 12 mths (6 mths wood/ 3 mths bottle)
- Red: 24 mths (12 mths wood/ 6 mths bottle)

“Grand Reserve”
- White: 24 mths (12 mths wood/ 6 mths bottle)
- Red: 48 mths (18 mths wood/ 18 mths bottle)

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70
Q

What is “Palaiomenos se vareli”?

A
  • For PDO or PGI
  • Added to Cava, Reserve, Grand Reserve
  • Indicates oak aging beyond the required minimum
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71
Q

What are the categories BELOW the PDO in Greece?

A

  • “Varietal”: Carry vintage and varietal
  • “Table”: NOT allowed to carry vintage and varietal
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72
Q

Greece’s PGI zones are divided into….

A
  • Regional (major regions)
  • District
  • Area (may only single estate)
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73
Q

What does “Cava” indicate on Greece’s PGI wines?

A

For PGI wines:
- White & Rosé: 12 mths (6 mths wood)
- Red: 36 mths (12 mths wood)

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74
Q

What are the BIG FIVE players of Greek wine?

A
  • Achaia Clauss
  • Kambas
  • Boutari
  • Kourtaki
  • Tsantali
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75
Q

Greece can be divided into how many regions?

A

1) Ionian Islands
2) Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
3) Aegean Islands
4) Crete
5) Thrace
6) Thessalia
7) Epirus
8) Macedonia
9) Peloponnese

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76
Q

What are the mainland regions in Greece?

A

1) Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) (No PDO)
2) Thrace (No PDO)
3) Thessalia
4) Epirus
5) Macedonia
6) Peloponnese

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77
Q

What are the Island regions in Greece?

A

1) Ionian Islands
2) Aegean Islands
3) Crete

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78
Q

Which regions in Greece contains NO PDO zone?

A
  • Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
  • Thrace<br></br><img></img>
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79
Q

What is Stefani?

A
  • Vine training system in Santorini PDO
  • Like shape of baskets or wreaths (花冠)
  • Protect vines from Aegean winds
  • Collect the morning moisture
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80
Q

What is Vin Liastos/ Liasta?

A

“Straw wines” for Greek wine
- Sweet wine made by sun-dried grapes after the harvest<br></br><img></img>

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81
Q

Name some PDO Zones within Macedonia

A

1) Goumenissa
2) Amynteo
3) Naoussa
4) Slopes of Meliton

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82
Q

Briefly explain the growing conditions of Macedonia (Greece)

A
  • High altitude (Macedonia mountains)
  • Cool climate
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83
Q

______ PDO & Amynteo PDO are produced red wines solely from firmly tannic red grape ______ in Macedonia region

A
  • Naoussa
  • 100% Xinomavro (red)<br></br><img></img>
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84
Q

Goumenissa PDO produces lighter Xinomavro wines with the addition of min. 20% ______ (grape) in _______ (region)

A
  • Negoska (red)
  • Macedonia<br></br><img></img>
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85
Q

Amynteo PDO is the Greece’s coolest region and allowing production of rosé wines (Dry to semi sweet, still to sparkling) made from 100% ______ (grape) in ______ (region)

A
  • 100% Xinomavro
  • Macedonia<br></br><img></img>
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86
Q

Cotes de Meliton PDO is monopole for ______ for dry red and white wines, what grapes?

A
  • Domaine Porto Carras
  • White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Rhoditis
  • Red: CS, CF, Limnio
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87
Q

Evangelos Gerovassiliou (Winemaker of Domaine Carras) produces varietal wines of highly aromatic from ________ (grape) in the PGI Thessaloniki (Northern Macedonia)

A
  • Malagousia (white)
  • Domaine Gerovassiliou
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88
Q

How many PDO Zones within Thessalia (Greece)?

A

1) Anchialos (Dry to semi-sweet White)
2) Rapsani (Dry Red)
3) Messenikola (Dry Red)<br></br><img></img>

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89
Q

Anchialos PDO is the zone within ______ PDO and produces only white wine from min. 75% ______ (grape) and Max. 25% Savvatiano

A
  • Thessalia PDO (Greece)
  • Roditis (white)
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90
Q

What is Rapsani?

A
  • A PDO zone within Thessalia PDO (Greece)
  • Dry Red: Xinomavro, Krassato, Stavroto<br></br><img></img>
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91
Q

How many PDO zone within Epirus (Greece)?

A

1) Zitsa PDO
- Dry white, dry to semi-dry sparkling
- 100% Debina (white)<br></br><img></img>

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92
Q

What is Debina?

A
  • White Greek grape primarily in the Zitsa PDO of Epirus (region) for dry white and sparkling wines
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93
Q

3 PDO Zones within Ionian Islands (Greece)?

A

1) Robola of Cephalonia (Dry white)
2) Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia (VDN red)
3) Muscat of Cephalonia (VDN, VDL white)

94
Q

What is Verdea?

A
  • “Sherry-like” oxidative white wine (Ionian Islands)
  • PGI Verdea zone (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos)
  • Dry to med-dry style
  • Grape: min. 50% Skiadopoulo + up to 34 grapes
    Skiadopoulo, Pavlos, and Avgoustiatis
95
Q

Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) PDO contains NO PDO zone, true or false?

A
  • True
  • It makes Retsina from PGI Attiki (District)<br></br><img></img>
96
Q

PGI District Attiki (Attica) is famous for the production of ______ (wine) and made using ______ (grape) in Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)

A
  • Retsina
  • Savvatiano<br></br><img></img>
97
Q

What is Retsina?

A
  • An aromatized wine Flavoured with Aleppo pine resin (松脂)
  • White grape: Savvatiano
  • Vintage-dated is NOT allowed<br></br><img></img>
98
Q

7 PDO Zones within Peloponnese (Greece)?

A

1) Muscat of Patras (VDN, VDL, Passito)
2) Muscat of Rio Patras (VDN, VDL, Passito)
3) Mavrodaphne of Patras (Red VDL)
4) Patras (Dry to Semi-sweet White)
5) Nemea (Dry to sweet Red)
6) Mantinia (Dry and sparkling White)
7) Monemvassia-Malvasia (Sweet White, VDN)

99
Q

What is the wine style of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?

A
  • Red VDL (non-dried or dried grapes)
  • Min. 51% Mavrodaphne + Mavri Korinthiaki
  • Min. 1 yr in wood of 1000L or less
  • “Non-vintage blends” min. 3 yrs of aging<br></br><img></img>
100
Q

Define the aging requirements of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO:
- “Reserve”
- “Vieille Reserve”
- “Grand Reserve”

A
  • “Reserve”: Min. 3 yrs (2 yrs cask/ 1 yr bottle)
  • “Vieille Reserve”: Min. 5 yrs (2 yrs cask/ 2 yrs bottle)
  • “Grand Reserve”: Min. 7 yrs (3 yrs cask/ 3 yrs bottle)
101
Q

What are the wine styles of Muscat of Patras & Muscat of Rio Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?

A
  • White VDN, VDL, Passito
  • 100% Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (also called Moschato Aspro)<br></br><img></img>
102
Q

What is the synonym of Moschato Aspro (grape)?

A
  • Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (in Muscat of Patras & Muscat of Rio Patras PDO, Peloponnese)
103
Q

What are the wine styles of Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?

A
  • Dry to semi-sweet White
  • 100% Roditis<br></br><img></img>
104
Q

What are the wine styles of Mantinia PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?

A
  • Still and Sparkling White
  • Min. 85% Moschofilero + Asproudes
    (Moschofilero: Red-skinned grape with Muscat-like aromas)<br></br><img></img>
105
Q

What is the synonym of St. George (grape)?

A

Red grape: Agiorgitiko (Nemea PDO, Peloponnese)<br></br><img></img>

106
Q

What are the wine styles of Nemea PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?

A
  • Dry to semi-sweet Red, Red VDN, VDL, Passito
  • 100% Agiorgitiko (St. George) (Red)
  • Koutsi is the most famous village<br></br><img></img>
107
Q

What are the wine styles of Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?

A
  • Sweet white, VDN white
  • min. 51% Monemvassia + Assyrtiko
  • Aged for 2 yrs in Oxidative environment<br></br><img></img>
108
Q

8 PDO Zones within Aegean Islands (Greece)?

A

1) Santorini
2) Samos
3) Paros
4) Malvasia Paros
5) Lemnos
6) Muscat of Lemnos
7) Rhodes
8) Muscat of Rhodes<br></br><img></img>

109
Q

What is the soil type in Santorini for Assyrtiko grape?

A

Poor, volcanic soils

110
Q

What are the wine styles of Santorini PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?

A
  • Dry white: 75% Assyrtiko + Athiri, Aidani
  • White Vinsanto: 51% Assyrtiko + Athiri, Aidani<br></br><img></img>
111
Q

What are the wine styles of Paros PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?

A
  • Dry white: 100% Monemvasia
  • Dry red: co-ferment of min. 35% Mandelaria (red) & Monemvasia (white)
112
Q

What are the wine styles of Malvasia Paros PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?

A
  • White VDN from dried grapes, Passito
  • White: 85% Monemvasia + Assyrtiko<br></br><img></img>
113
Q

What are the wine styles of Lemnos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?

A
  • Dry to sweet white, Dry red, Passito, VDL
  • White: Moschato Alexandrias
  • Dry Red: Limnio (Kalampaki)
114
Q

What are the wine styles of Muscat of Lemnos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?

A
  • White Passto, VDN, VDL
  • White: Moschato Alexandrias<br></br><img></img>
115
Q

What are the wine styles of Samos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?

A
  • White VDN, VDL, Vin Liastos
  • White: 100% Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc)
    ## Samos Nectar: similar to vin de paille, non-fortified wine produced from straw-dried grapes and aged for 3 yrs (14% abv)<br></br><img></img>
116
Q

What are the wine styles of Rhodes PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?

A
  • Dry to sweet white: 70% Athiri
  • Dry to semi-sweet rosé & red: 70% Mandilaria<br></br><img></img>
117
Q

What are the wine styles of Muscat of Rhodes PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?

A
  • White Passto, VDN, VDL
  • White: Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc)<br></br><img></img>
118
Q

7 PDO Zones within Crete (Greece)?

A

1) Archanes
2) Dafnes
3) Peza
4) Sitia
5) Malvasia Sitia
6) Candia
7) Malvasia Candia

119
Q

What is the wine style of Archanes PDO (Crete-Greece)?

A
  • Dry Red (only!)
  • Kotsifali & Mandilaria (red) (Same as Peza & Candia)
120
Q

What are the wine styles of Dafnes PDO (Crete-Greece)?

A
  • Dry red, VDL & VDN red, Vin Liastos (Passito)
  • 100% Liatiko (red)
121
Q

What are the wine styles of Peza PDO (Crete-Greece)?

A
  • Dry white & red
  • White: 100% Vilana
  • Red: Kotsifali & Mandilaria (Same as Archanes & Candia)
122
Q

What are the wine styles of Sitia PDO (Crete-Greece)?

A
  • Dry white & red, VDN & VDL red, Vin Liastos
  • White: min. 70% Vilana + Thrapsathiri
  • Red: 80% Liatiko + Mandilaria
  • VDN red: 100% Liatiko
123
Q

What are the wine styles of Malvasia Sitia PDO (Crete-Greece)?

A
  • Sweet white (RS 80g), VDN white
  • White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
124
Q

What are the wine styles of Candia PDO (Crete-Greece)?

A
  • Dry white & red
  • White: Vilana, Assyrtiko, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
  • Red: Kotsifali & Mandilaria (Same as Archanes & Peza)
125
Q

What are the wine styles of Malvasia Candia PDO (Crete-Greece)?

A

Sweet white (RS 80g), VDN white
- White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
(Same as Malvasia Sitia)<br></br><img></img>

126
Q

Hungary can be divided into 3 major geographical zones of wine production, which are they?

A

1) North Hungary (includes Tokaj & Eger)
2) Great Plain/ Danube
3) Transdanubia

127
Q

Briefly explain the climate conditions of Hungary

A

1) Continental climate (short cold winter, long warm summer)
2) Rainfall 600mm per year
3) [Transdanubia] around Lake Balaton (protected from winds)

128
Q

What is the largest region in Hungary?

A

Kunság (Great Plain)

129
Q

What are the most important rivers in Tokaj?

A
  • Tisza River
  • Bodrog River<br></br><img></img>
130
Q

Tokaj region is sheltered by which mountains? enjoys a warm continental climate with long, humid autumn (perfect for botrytis)

A

Carpathian Mountains<br></br><img></img>

131
Q

What is Rákóczy original classification?

A
  • A vineyard classification of Tokaj (1772)
  • Vineyards of Tokaj & its villages divided into 1st, 2nd, 3rd growths

1st Growths (74 villages): Szarvas, Mézes Mály

132
Q

Name some leading producers of Tokaji Aszú

A
  • Royal Tokaji Company
  • Tokaj Oremus (Vega Sicilia)
  • Disznókõ
  • Királyudvar
133
Q

What is Puttony?

A
  • The container used to gathered all the handpicked Aszú grapes (it holds approx. 25KG/ 30Liters)
134
Q

What are the principal grapes of Tokaj region?

A
  • Furmint and Hárslevelú
    # Minors:
  • Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc)
  • Zéta (Oremus)
  • Kabar
  • Kövérszóló
135
Q

What is gönc?

A
  • A small Hungarian oak barrel (136L) used for the production of Tokaji wine
136
Q

What is Eszencia?

A
  • A style of Tokaji made from Free-run juice
  • PA: 27% abv/ AA: 1.2-8% abv
  • RS: min. 450 g/l
  • Aged for min. 3 yrs (with 2 yrs in barrel)
  • Yield: 2 tons/ ha<br></br><img></img>
137
Q

What is Szamorodni?

A
  • A style of Tokaji (means “as it comes”)
  • Mixed of aszú & non-aszú grapes
  • Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)
  • Often oxidative in style (min. 2 yrs in barrel)
  • May be under film-forming yeast (like flor)<br></br><img></img>
138
Q

What are the Residual sugar requirement of Száraz (dry) and édes (sweet)?

A
  • Száraz (dry): max. 9 g/l
  • édes (sweet): min. 45 g/l
139
Q

What are the Residual Sugar requirement of the following categories?
- Szamorodni “száraz”
- Szamorodni “édes”
- ## Aszú (2013)
- Aszú 3 Puttonyons
- Aszú 4 Puttonyons
- Aszú 5 Puttonyons
- Aszú 6 Puttonyons
- Aszú Eszencia
- Eszencia

A
  • Szamorodni “száraz”: max. 9 g/l
  • Szamorodni “édes”: min. 45 g/l
  • ## Aszú (2013): min. 120 g/l
  • Aszú 3 Puttonyons: min. 60 g/l
  • Aszú 4 Puttonyons: min. 90 g/l
  • Aszú 5 Puttonyons: min. 120 g/l
  • Aszú 6 Puttonyons: min. 150 g/l
  • Aszú Eszencia: min. 180 g/l
  • Eszencia: min. 450 g/l
140
Q

From the 2013 vintage, which Tokaji style categories were eliminated?

A
  • Aszú 3 Puttonyons
  • Aszú 4 Puttonyons
  • Aszú 5 Puttonyons
  • Aszú 6 Puttonyons
  • Aszú Eszencia
141
Q

From the 2013 vintage, modern Tokaj Aszú is simply labeled ______ and it ages for ____ years (with _____ months in barrel) prior release. It contains at least _____ of residual sugar and min. alcohol of _____ % abv

A
  • “Aszú”
  • 3 years (18 mths in barrel)
  • 120 g/l
  • 9% abv
142
Q

Oremus Estate is owned by? where is it?

A
  • Tokaji (Hungary)
  • 1993 bought by David Álvarez (Owner of Vega Sicilia)
143
Q

What is Fordítás?

A
  • A style of Tokaji
  • Re-fermenting wine/ must poured on pressed aszú paste (Marc)
  • Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)<br></br><img></img>
144
Q

What is Máslás?

A
  • A style of Tokaji
  • Re-fermenting new wine/ must poured on aszú lees
  • Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)<br></br><img></img>
145
Q

What is Kékfrankos?

A

Red Grape: Blaufränkisch (Hungary)

146
Q

What is Kékoportó?

A

Red Grape: Blauer Portugieser (Hungary)

147
Q

What is Egri Bikavèr?

A
  • Also known as “Bull’s Blood of Eger”
  • Blended red base with Kadarka, Kékfrankos + CS, CF, PN
  • ONLY Eger (North Hungary) and Szekszárd (Transdanubia) can use the term “Bikavèr”
148
Q

What is the principal grape of Sopron PDO?

A

(North-west of Hungary, Austria’s Burgenland border)
- Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch)<br></br><img></img>

149
Q

What is the principal grape of Villány PDO?

A

(Southernmost of Hungary)
- Bordeaux varieties
- Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch)
- Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)<br></br><img></img>

150
Q

Name some regions of Romania
7

A

1) Moldova (東北)
2) Dobrogea (東南)
3) Muntenia & Oltenia (南)
4) Banat (西)
5) Crisana & Maramures (西北)
6) Transylvania Plateau (中)
7) Danube Terraces<br></br><img></img>

151
Q

Briefly explain the climate conditions of Romania

A

1) Carpathian Mountains give great impact
2) North & West: Continental (cold short winter, warm summer)
3) East: Maritime (black sea, mild winter, hot summer)<br></br><img></img>

152
Q

What are the soil types of Romania?

A
  • Stony (Carpathian Mountains)
  • Alluvial & sand (Coastal)
153
Q

Define the Wine classification system in Romania (2012)

A

  • DOC (PDO)
  • VS (PGI)

  • Vin de Masa Superior/ VMS (Superior table wine)
  • Vin de Masa/VM (Table wine)
154
Q

Define the meaning of these subcategories of DOC wines in Romania:

  • DOC-CMD
  • DOC-CT
  • DOC-CIB
A
  • DOC-CMD: Grape harvested at full maturity
  • DOC-CT: Late-harvested grapes
  • DOC-CIB: Botrytis-affected grapes
155
Q

Where is the origin of Feteasca Alba & Feteasca Regala?

A

Romania<br></br><img></img>

156
Q

Name 5 regions of Bulgaria

A

1) Danubian Plain (Northern Bulgaria)
2) Black Sea (Eastern Bulgaria)
3) Rose Valley (Sub Balkan)
4) Thracian Lowlands (Southern Bulgaria)
5) Struma Valley (South-western Bulgaria)

157
Q

When was Bulgaria’s wine regulations introduced?

A

1978

158
Q

What are the classifications of Bulgaria’s wine with designation of origin?

A
  • DGO (Declared Geographical Origin)
  • Controliran (Specified varieties in specified areas)
159
Q

Name two quality categories for Bulgaria’s wines

A
  • Reserve wines: aged for 12 mths (either barrel or other)
  • Special reserve: aged for 18 mths (6 mths in barrel)
160
Q

Name a producer from Croatia

A
  • Roxanich (Istria)
    ## “ Teran” Refosco-based
    ## “Super Istria” Cab Sau-based
161
Q

Where is Commandaria?

A
  • A sweet wine region in Cyprus
162
Q

Amynteo Style(s)

A

Red (dry to medium sweet) + Rosé (dry to medium sweet) + Sparkling Rosé (dry to medium sweet)

163
Q

Anchialos Style(s)

A

White (dry)

164
Q

Archanes Style(s)

A

Red (dry)

165
Q

Dafnes Style(s)

A

Red (dry and sweet)

166
Q

Goumenissa Style(s)

A

Red (dry)

167
Q

Lemnos Style(s)

A

White (dry to medium sweet)

168
Q

Mantinia Style(s)

A

White (dry)

169
Q

Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia Style(s)

A

Red (sweet)

170
Q

Mavrodaphne of Patras Style(s)

A

Red (sweet)

171
Q

Messenikola Style(s)

A

Red (dry)

172
Q

Monemvassia-Malvasia Style(s)

A

White (sweet) (sun-dried grapes; Vin Doux Naturel; Vin Liastos)

173
Q

Muscat of Cephalonia Style(s)

A

White (sweet); Vin Doux Naturel, “Grand Cru”

174
Q

Muscat of Lemnos Style(s)

A

White (sweet); Vin Doux Naturel, “Grand Cru”

175
Q

Muscat of Patras and Muscat of Rio Patras Style(s)

A

White (sweet); Vin Doux Naturel, “Grand Cru”

176
Q

Muscat of Rhodes Style(s)

A

White (sweet); Vin Doux Naturel, “Grand Cru”

177
Q

Muscat of Samos Style(s)

A

White (sweet)

178
Q

Naoussa Style(s)

A

Red (dry to medium sweet)

179
Q

Nemea Style(s)

A

Red (dry to sweet)

180
Q

Paros Style(s)

A

White (dry) - Red (dry)

181
Q

Patras Style(s)

A

White (dry to medium sweet)

182
Q

Peza Style(s)

A

White (dry) - Red (dry)

183
Q

Playes Meliton Style(s)

A

White (dry) - Red (dry)

184
Q

Rapsani Style(s)

A

Red (dry)

185
Q

Rhodes Style(s)

A

White (dry to medium sweet) - Red (dry to medium sweet)

186
Q

Robola Style(s)

A

White (dry)

187
Q

Santorini Style(s)

A

White (dry); Nychteri; Vinsanto

188
Q

Sitia Style(s)

A

White (dry) - Red (dry and sweet)

189
Q

Zitsa Style(s)

A

White (dry, medium sweet, sparkling)

190
Q

Climate

A

warm to hot mediterranean moderated by
1. proximity to the sea
3. south-eastearly winds
2. altitudes

191
Q

Weather

A

Lack of rain in growing season can cause drought-related issue particularly in the eastern side which lies in the rain shadow

192
Q

White Grape Varieties

A

Assyrtiko
Savatiano
Roditis

193
Q

Black Grape Varieties

A

Xinomavro
Agiorgitiko

194
Q

Grapegrowing

A
  1. Best vineyards in sites cooled by altitude or proximity to sea
  2. Bush training widespread to protect against heat
  3. Vines planted in shallow hollows to protect against high winds (Santorini)
195
Q

Key Wine Regions

A

Naoussa
Nemea
Santorini

196
Q

Naoussa PDO

A
  • located in Macedonia in the north
  • vineyards on altitudes up to 400 m noticeably cooler than valley floor
  • Xinomavro
197
Q

Xinomavro

A
  • often compared to Nebbiolo
  • medium ruby colour that quickly fades to tawny as it ages
  • high levels of acidity and tannins
  • lack of fresh fruity flav
  • long lived develop complex spice and earthy aromas as it ages
  • wide range of styles
    1. more deeply coloured less tannic
    2. aged in new oak
198
Q

Nemea PDO

A
  • north of Peloponnese in the south of Greece
  • Agiorgitiko
  • altitudes that ranges from 230 to 900 m
  • best sites are in the middle of this range
  • sites on lower slopes are hot and produce overly jammy fruit giving fruity wines for early consumption
  • sites on the highest slopes have a marked acidity that makes them more suited for rosé wine production or for give fruit freshness to a blend
199
Q

Agiorgitiko

A
  • deep ruby red colour
  • low to moderate acidity and high levels of smooth tannins
  • red fruit flavours and sweet spices
  • great affinity for new oak and potential to age
200
Q

Santorini

A
  • located in the Aegean sea
  • affected by very strong wind
  • permanent wood trained in a basket shaped hollow to protect the fruit that grows on the inside
  • dry and sweet wines from Assyrtiko
201
Q

Assyrtiko dry

A
  • perfumed aromas and concentrated flavours of ripe citrus and stone fruit
  • high acidity
202
Q

Assyrtiko sweet

A
  • from late harvested grapes which are sun-dried for up to 14 days
  • aged in new oak for a min of 2 years
  • caramel and nuts
203
Q

A special and unique way of vine pruning developed on Santorini

A

Santorini “kouloura”
<img></img>

204
Q

Nykteri

A

Santorini’s dry white style , made from overripe grapes given skin contact during the early stages of fermentation, and then barrel aged for between 3 and 10 months

205
Q

Santorini Vinsanto grapes

A

at least 50 percent Assyrtico, with smaller percentages of Athiri and Aidani.

206
Q

PDO category for traditional sweet wines

A

Controlled Appellation of Origin/ Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Eλεγχόμενης (AOC/OPE)

207
Q

PDO for dry wines

A

Appellation of Superior Quality/ Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Ανωτέρας Ποιότητος (AOSQ/OPAP)

208
Q

the winemaker who launched Domaine Carras

A

Evangelos Gerovassiliou

209
Q

Who consulted Domaine Carras?

A

Emile Peynaud

210
Q

Domaine Gerovassiliou
Where

A

PGI Thessaloniki in Macedonia

211
Q

PDO on the slopes of Mnt Olympus

A

Rapsani PDO
Thessalia

212
Q

Anchialos PDO grapes

A

Roditis
Savvatiano

213
Q

Messenikola PDO
Grapes

A

Minimum 70% Mavro Mesenikola
maximum 30% combined Syrah and Carignan

214
Q

Which wines are named blood of Hercules” (or “blood of the lion”)

A

Nemea PDO

215
Q

The name of this grape means black laurel

A

Mavrodaphne

216
Q

Prominent estate of Mavrodaphne of Patras

A

Achaia-Clauss

217
Q

What wine is used for the communion sacrament in Greek Orthodox services

A

Mavrodaphne of Patras

218
Q

What % of Greek wine is produced on the Crete

A

0.2

219
Q

PDOs of Crete from W to E

A

Dafnes, Archanes, Peza, Sitia

220
Q

the dominant grape in the red Sitia and Daphnes PDO

A

Liatiko

221
Q

Cyclades islands
2

A

Santorini
Paros

222
Q

Santorini pioneer producer

A

Paris Sigalas

223
Q

Amphoras on Santorini

A

pitharia

224
Q

New winery of Paris Sigalas

A

Paris winery

225
Q

the only Greek appellation that mandates use of a white grape (Monemvassia) in red blends.

A

Paros

226
Q

On Samos Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is known as

A

Moscato Aspro

227
Q

The naturally sweet wine of Samos is called

A

Samos Nectar

228
Q

Santorini wine styles
3

A

Kavalieros (18 months on the lees)
Nykteri (3 years following the harvest)
Mavrotragano (3-4 years later)

229
Q

Greece
How many hectares

A

110 000 ha

230
Q

Colour of Retsina

A

White
Rose

Important (30 decks)

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