Greece Flashcards
1
Q
This kind of wine was what the layman Greek drank until quality started to become a point of interest during the 20th century in greek production
A
Retsina
2
Q
Amphore
Pine Resin
A
in ancient Greece, what vessels did they use to transport Retsina and what was it sealed with to prevent spoilage
3
Q
Today, Retsina is made with what grape and is now flavored with pine resin rather than stored with it
A
Savvatiano
4
Q
two larger producers that dominate the Greek wine industry
A
Tsantali
Boutari
5
Q
Greece implemented wine laws in what years
A
1969/70
6
Q
who oversees wine laws in Greece
A
Greek Wine Institute
7
Q
Main larger designation for wine regions in Greece
A
PDO
8
Q
two levels of PDO’s in Greece
A
AOC (sweet wines)
AOSQ (dry wines)
9
Q
Aging requirements for Reserve white wines in Greece PDO’s
A
1 year (6 months barrel)
10
Q
Aging requirements for Reserve reds in Greece PDOs
A
2 years (1 year barrel)
11
Q
Grand Reserve white wine requirements in Greece
A
2 years (1 year barrel)
12
Q
Grand Reserve red wine requirements in Greece
A
4 years (1.5 years barrel)
13
Q
below the PDO category is this category in Greece that labels just varietals and table wine
A
PGI
14
Q
PGI really refers to Retsina production and the production of this wine made on the island of Zakynthos in the Ionian Sea
A
Verdea
15
Q
This term in Greece for the PGI designation refers to white and rose that are aged for at least 1 year and red wines that are aged for at least 3 years
A
Cava
16
Q
6 Mainland regions of Greece
A
Macedonia
Epirus
Peloponnese
Thessiala
Thrace
Sterea Ellada (Central Greece)
17
Q
The Islands of Greece are braodly categorized by these two areas
A
Aegean Islands
Ionoian Islands
18
Q
These 2 regions on the mainland of Greece cannot claim any PDOs
A
Thrace
Central Greece
19
Q
Best dry red wines from Greece come from what major region
A
Macedonia
20
Q
These two PDOs in Macedonia only produce dry red wines from the tannic grape Xinomarvo
A
Naoussa
Amynteo
21
Q
This PDO in Macedonia produces mostly red wines from Xinomarvo but can blend 20% Negoska into the wine
A
Goumenissa
22
Q
What appellation is home to the major producer Boutari in Greece
A
Naoussa
23
Q
This PDO in Macedonia is one of greece’s coolest regions and one of the few that produces Rose wines
A
Amynteo
24
Q
The fourth PDO which is a single appellation for Domaine Carras makes wines from a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and the native Limnio
A
Plagies Melitona (Slopes of Meliton)
25
This Region is south of Macedonia and home to Mount Olympus
Thessalia
26
Three PDOs of Tessalia
Rapsani
Messenikola
Anchialos
27
This PDO is the southern most region for the production of the Red Xinomarvo grape and is blended with Krasato and Stavroto
Rapsani PDO
28
This region of Greece is on the Ionian Coast and only home to one PDO
Epirus
29
This is the Only PDO in Epirus in Greece and produces dry, semi sweet, and sparkling wines from the Debina Grape
Zitsa
30
This major region of Greece is the home to Retsina and surrounds the City of Athens
Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
31
This region of Greece is a peninsula by virtue of a small Isthmus of Corinth and is directly south of Sterea Ellada
Peloponnese
32
three PDOs of Peloponnese
Nemea
Mantinia
Patras
33
Both dry and sweet Nemean wines are produced from this grape which is Greece's most noble red varietal
Agiorgitiko (St. George)
34
Most famous subzone of Nemea for the great production of Agiorgitiko
Koutsi
35
The only PDO that produces any red wine in Peloponnese
Nemea
36
This PDO in Peloponnese is known for producing high quality white wines from Moschofilero which is a red skinned varietal
Mantinia
37
This appellations produces dry white wines from 100% Roditis but also produces sweet wines from three distinct regions
Patras PDO
38
This dessert wine from Patras PDO is usually aged for one year or more in wood but can often be seen aging for over a decade and is usually drank by greeks as an Aperitif and for the sacrament at greek orthodox churches
Mavrodaphne of Patras
39
This PDO was added in 2010 by the greeks which is on the south eastern coast of Peloponnese where the wines must be aged in an oxidative environment for 2 years prior to release and must be made from 51% Monemvassia
Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO
40
4 Ionioan producing islands of the coast of Greece
Cephalonia
Kerkyra (Corfu)
Lefkada
Zakynthos
41
The only Ionian Island that has a PDO that makes white wines from Robola (unrelated to Ribolla)
Cephalonia
42
PDO sweet wines from Cephalonia are made from what two grapes
Mavrodaphane
Muscat
43
This island off the coast of Peloponnese is of breathtaking beauty and home to Verdea Traditional Appellation wines
Zakynthos
44
This Island off to the south west of the mainland in Greece is larger, part of the Aegean Islands and accounts for 20% of Greek wine production
Crete
45
Two Red wine PDO zones on the Island of Crete
Archanes
Dafnes
46
Crete is home to these two PDO zones that produce both red and white wines
Peza
Sitia
47
in 2012 these three subzones were added as PDOs on the Island of Crete
Candia
Malvasia Candia
Malvasia Sitia
48
Major white grape varietal in PDO zones on the island of Crete
Vilana
49
Though Vilana is a wide planted white grape on the Island of Crete, most good wine makers prefer to showcase this grape because it better retains acidity
Vidiano
50
This is the most common Red grape planted through out the Aegean Islands
Mandilaria
51
This is an ancient grape that is red and produced on the Island of Crete that ripens in early July and after aging creates a very distinct Orange style of wine
Liatiko
52
PDO appellation that is exciting and part of the Cyclades Islands north of Crete in the Aegean that produces white wines from Asyrtiko
Santorini
53
Asyrtiko vines on Santorini must be grown in this basket shape close to the ground to protect the grapes from the wind
Stefani
54
Best Producer of Asyrtiko on Santorini
Peter Sigalas
55
This island near Santorini produces both red and white wines from Mandalaria and the white Monemvassia which is the only appellation that mandates blending of white and red grapes
Paros
56
This PDO is on the Isle of Samos just north of Paros and is a famous wine of greece and is usually sweet
Muscat of Samos
57
This is the grape varietal usually that on the Isle of Samos that usually is produced in the Vin de paille style where the grapes are dried and aged for a period of 3 years prior to release. This wine is also referred to as Samos Nectar
Muscat blanc a Petit Grains
58
These two Islands in the North East of the Aegean both have 2 PDOs but are rarely encountered out of the country
Lemnos
Rhodes
59
The PDO Slopes of Meliton
wine-growing area is located in the Sithonia peninsula, the “middle” leg of the region of Halkidiki (Macedonia)
60
The PDO Slopes of Meliton wine style
dry white: Athiri (50%), Roditis (35%) and Assyrtiko (15%)
dry red: Limnio, at a minimum of 70%, with Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc
61
the first Greek PDO wine to include international grape varieties in its blend
The PDO Slopes of Meliton
62
the 2 Greek PDO wine to include international grape varieties in its blend
Slopes of Meliton
Messenikola
63
single owner of PDO Slopes of Meliton
Domaine Porto Carras.
64
Rapsani PDO grapes
the Red Xinomarvo grape and is blended with Krasato and Stavroto
65
Zitsa PDO grape
Debina
66
Mantinia grape
Moschofilero
which is a red skinned varietal
67
When was Greece first implemented wine laws?
- 1969 & 1970
(most of the country's appellations established in 1971)
68
What are the two level of PDO in Greece?
- Appellation of Superior Quality (AOSQ/ OPAP)
- Controlled Appellation of Origin (AOC/ OPE)
69
Define the requirements for Greece's PDO wines aging designation
"Reserve"
- White: 12 mths (6 mths wood/ 3 mths bottle)
- Red: 24 mths (12 mths wood/ 6 mths bottle)
"Grand Reserve"
- White: 24 mths (12 mths wood/ 6 mths bottle)
- Red: 48 mths (18 mths wood/ 18 mths bottle)
70
What is "Palaiomenos se vareli"?
- For PDO or PGI
- Added to Cava, Reserve, Grand Reserve
- Indicates oak aging beyond the required minimum
71
What are the categories BELOW the PDO in Greece?
## PGI wines: Traditional appellations (Retsina, Verdea)
- "Varietal": Carry vintage and varietal
- "Table": NOT allowed to carry vintage and varietal
72
Greece's PGI zones are divided into....
- Regional (major regions)
- District
- Area (may only single estate)
73
What does "Cava" indicate on Greece's PGI wines?
For PGI wines:
- White & Rosé: 12 mths (6 mths wood)
- Red: 36 mths (12 mths wood)
74
What are the BIG FIVE players of Greek wine?
- Achaia Clauss
- Kambas
- Boutari
- Kourtaki
- Tsantali
75
Greece can be divided into how many regions?
1) Ionian Islands
2) Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
3) Aegean Islands
4) Crete
5) Thrace
6) Thessalia
7) Epirus
8) Macedonia
9) Peloponnese
76
What are the mainland regions in Greece?
1) Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) (No PDO)
2) Thrace (No PDO)
3) Thessalia
4) Epirus
5) Macedonia
6) Peloponnese
77
What are the Island regions in Greece?
1) Ionian Islands
2) Aegean Islands
3) Crete
78
Which regions in Greece contains NO PDO zone?
- Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
- Thrace
79
What is Stefani?
- Vine training system in Santorini PDO
- Like shape of baskets or wreaths (花冠)
- Protect vines from Aegean winds
- Collect the morning moisture
80
What is Vin Liastos/ Liasta?
"Straw wines" for Greek wine
- Sweet wine made by sun-dried grapes after the harvest
81
Name some PDO Zones within Macedonia
1) Goumenissa
2) Amynteo
3) Naoussa
4) Slopes of Meliton
82
Briefly explain the growing conditions of Macedonia (Greece)
- High altitude (Macedonia mountains)
- Cool climate
83
______ PDO & Amynteo PDO are produced red wines solely from firmly tannic red grape ______ in Macedonia region
- Naoussa
- 100% Xinomavro (red)
84
Goumenissa PDO produces lighter Xinomavro wines with the addition of min. 20% ______ (grape) in _______ (region)
- Negoska (red)
- Macedonia
85
Amynteo PDO is the Greece's coolest region and allowing production of rosé wines (Dry to semi sweet, still to sparkling) made from 100% ______ (grape) in ______ (region)
- 100% Xinomavro
- Macedonia
86
Cotes de Meliton PDO is monopole for ______ for dry red and white wines, what grapes?
- Domaine Porto Carras
- White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Rhoditis
- Red: CS, CF, Limnio
87
Evangelos Gerovassiliou (Winemaker of Domaine Carras) produces varietal wines of highly aromatic from ________ (grape) in the PGI Thessaloniki (Northern Macedonia)
- Malagousia (white)
- Domaine Gerovassiliou
88
How many PDO Zones within Thessalia (Greece)?
1) Anchialos (Dry to semi-sweet White)
2) Rapsani (Dry Red)
3) Messenikola (Dry Red)
89
Anchialos PDO is the zone within ______ PDO and produces only white wine from min. 75% ______ (grape) and Max. 25% Savvatiano
- Thessalia PDO (Greece)
- Roditis (white)
90
What is Rapsani?
- A PDO zone within Thessalia PDO (Greece)
- Dry Red: Xinomavro, Krassato, Stavroto
91
How many PDO zone within Epirus (Greece)?
1) Zitsa PDO
- Dry white, dry to semi-dry sparkling
- 100% Debina (white)
92
What is Debina?
- White Greek grape primarily in the Zitsa PDO of Epirus (region) for dry white and sparkling wines
93
3 PDO Zones within Ionian Islands (Greece)?
1) Robola of Cephalonia (Dry white)
2) Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia (VDN red)
3) Muscat of Cephalonia (VDN, VDL white)
94
What is Verdea?
- "Sherry-like" oxidative white wine (Ionian Islands)
- PGI Verdea zone (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos)
- Dry to med-dry style
- Grape: min. 50% Skiadopoulo + up to 34 grapes
Skiadopoulo, Pavlos, and Avgoustiatis
95
Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) PDO contains NO PDO zone, true or false?
- True
- It makes Retsina from PGI Attiki (District)
96
PGI District Attiki (Attica) is famous for the production of ______ (wine) and made using ______ (grape) in Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
- Retsina
- Savvatiano
97
What is Retsina?
- An aromatized wine Flavoured with Aleppo pine resin (松脂)
- White grape: Savvatiano
- Vintage-dated is NOT allowed
98
7 PDO Zones within Peloponnese (Greece)?
1) Muscat of Patras (VDN, VDL, Passito)
2) Muscat of Rio Patras (VDN, VDL, Passito)
3) Mavrodaphne of Patras (Red VDL)
4) Patras (Dry to Semi-sweet White)
5) Nemea (Dry to sweet Red)
6) Mantinia (Dry and sparkling White)
7) Monemvassia-Malvasia (Sweet White, VDN)
99
What is the wine style of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Red VDL (non-dried or dried grapes)
- Min. 51% Mavrodaphne + Mavri Korinthiaki
- Min. 1 yr in wood of 1000L or less
- "Non-vintage blends" min. 3 yrs of aging
100
Define the aging requirements of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO:
- "Reserve"
- "Vieille Reserve"
- "Grand Reserve"
- "Reserve": Min. 3 yrs (2 yrs cask/ 1 yr bottle)
- "Vieille Reserve": Min. 5 yrs (2 yrs cask/ 2 yrs bottle)
- "Grand Reserve": Min. 7 yrs (3 yrs cask/ 3 yrs bottle)
101
What are the wine styles of Muscat of Patras & Muscat of Rio Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- White VDN, VDL, Passito
- 100% Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (also called Moschato Aspro)
102
What is the synonym of Moschato Aspro (grape)?
- Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (in Muscat of Patras & Muscat of Rio Patras PDO, Peloponnese)
103
What are the wine styles of Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Dry to semi-sweet White
- 100% Roditis
104
What are the wine styles of Mantinia PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Still and Sparkling White
- Min. 85% Moschofilero + Asproudes
(Moschofilero: Red-skinned grape with Muscat-like aromas)
105
What is the synonym of St. George (grape)?
Red grape: Agiorgitiko (Nemea PDO, Peloponnese)
106
What are the wine styles of Nemea PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Dry to semi-sweet Red, Red VDN, VDL, Passito
- 100% Agiorgitiko (St. George) (Red)
- Koutsi is the most famous village
107
What are the wine styles of Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Sweet white, VDN white
- min. 51% Monemvassia + Assyrtiko
- Aged for 2 yrs in Oxidative environment
108
8 PDO Zones within Aegean Islands (Greece)?
1) Santorini
2) Samos
3) Paros
4) Malvasia Paros
5) Lemnos
6) Muscat of Lemnos
7) Rhodes
8) Muscat of Rhodes
109
What is the soil type in Santorini for Assyrtiko grape?
Poor, volcanic soils
110
What are the wine styles of Santorini PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry white: 75% Assyrtiko + Athiri, Aidani
- White Vinsanto: 51% Assyrtiko + Athiri, Aidani
111
What are the wine styles of Paros PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry white: 100% Monemvasia
- Dry red: co-ferment of min. 35% Mandelaria (red) & Monemvasia (white)
112
What are the wine styles of Malvasia Paros PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White VDN from dried grapes, Passito
- White: 85% Monemvasia + Assyrtiko
113
What are the wine styles of Lemnos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry to sweet white, Dry red, Passito, VDL
- White: Moschato Alexandrias
- Dry Red: Limnio (Kalampaki)
114
What are the wine styles of Muscat of Lemnos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White Passto, VDN, VDL
- White: Moschato Alexandrias
115
What are the wine styles of Samos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White VDN, VDL, Vin Liastos
- White: 100% Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc)
## Samos Nectar: similar to vin de paille, non-fortified wine produced from straw-dried grapes and aged for 3 yrs (14% abv)
116
What are the wine styles of Rhodes PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry to sweet white: 70% Athiri
- Dry to semi-sweet rosé & red: 70% Mandilaria
117
What are the wine styles of Muscat of Rhodes PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White Passto, VDN, VDL
- White: Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc)
118
7 PDO Zones within Crete (Greece)?
1) Archanes
2) Dafnes
3) Peza
4) Sitia
5) Malvasia Sitia
6) Candia
7) Malvasia Candia
119
What is the wine style of Archanes PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry Red (only!)
- Kotsifali & Mandilaria (red) (Same as Peza & Candia)
120
What are the wine styles of Dafnes PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry red, VDL & VDN red, Vin Liastos (Passito)
- 100% Liatiko (red)
121
What are the wine styles of Peza PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry white & red
- White: 100% Vilana
- Red: Kotsifali & Mandilaria (Same as Archanes & Candia)
122
What are the wine styles of Sitia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry white & red, VDN & VDL red, Vin Liastos
- White: min. 70% Vilana + Thrapsathiri
- Red: 80% Liatiko + Mandilaria
- VDN red: 100% Liatiko
123
What are the wine styles of Malvasia Sitia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Sweet white (RS 80g), VDN white
- White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
124
What are the wine styles of Candia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry white & red
- White: Vilana, Assyrtiko, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
- Red: Kotsifali & Mandilaria (Same as Archanes & Peza)
125
What are the wine styles of Malvasia Candia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
Sweet white (RS 80g), VDN white
- White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
(Same as Malvasia Sitia)
126
Hungary can be divided into 3 major geographical zones of wine production, which are they?
1) North Hungary (includes Tokaj & Eger)
2) Great Plain/ Danube
3) Transdanubia
127
Briefly explain the climate conditions of Hungary
1) Continental climate (short cold winter, long warm summer)
2) Rainfall 600mm per year
3) [Transdanubia] around Lake Balaton (protected from winds)
128
What is the largest region in Hungary?
Kunság (Great Plain)
129
What are the most important rivers in Tokaj?
- Tisza River
- Bodrog River
130
Tokaj region is sheltered by which mountains? enjoys a warm continental climate with long, humid autumn (perfect for botrytis)
Carpathian Mountains
131
What is Rákóczy original classification?
- A vineyard classification of Tokaj (1772)
- Vineyards of Tokaj & its villages divided into 1st, 2nd, 3rd growths
1st Growths (74 villages): Szarvas, Mézes Mály
132
Name some leading producers of Tokaji Aszú
- Royal Tokaji Company
- Tokaj Oremus (Vega Sicilia)
- Disznókõ
- Királyudvar
133
What is Puttony?
- The container used to gathered all the handpicked Aszú grapes (it holds approx. 25KG/ 30Liters)
134
What are the principal grapes of Tokaj region?
- Furmint and Hárslevelú
# Minors:
- Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc)
- Zéta (Oremus)
- Kabar
- Kövérszóló
135
What is gönc?
- A small Hungarian oak barrel (136L) used for the production of Tokaji wine
136
What is Eszencia?
- A style of Tokaji made from Free-run juice
- PA: 27% abv/ AA: 1.2-8% abv
- RS: min. 450 g/l
- Aged for min. 3 yrs (with 2 yrs in barrel)
- Yield: 2 tons/ ha
137
What is Szamorodni?
- A style of Tokaji (means "as it comes")
- Mixed of aszú & non-aszú grapes
- Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)
- Often oxidative in style (min. 2 yrs in barrel)
- May be under film-forming yeast (like flor)
138
What are the Residual sugar requirement of Száraz (dry) and édes (sweet)?
- Száraz (dry): max. 9 g/l
- édes (sweet): min. 45 g/l
139
What are the Residual Sugar requirement of the following categories?
- Szamorodni "száraz"
- Szamorodni "édes"
- ## Aszú (2013)
- Aszú 3 Puttonyons
- Aszú 4 Puttonyons
- Aszú 5 Puttonyons
- Aszú 6 Puttonyons
- Aszú Eszencia
- Eszencia
- Szamorodni "száraz": max. 9 g/l
- Szamorodni "édes": min. 45 g/l
- ## Aszú (2013): min. 120 g/l
- Aszú 3 Puttonyons: min. 60 g/l
- Aszú 4 Puttonyons: min. 90 g/l
- Aszú 5 Puttonyons: min. 120 g/l
- Aszú 6 Puttonyons: min. 150 g/l
- Aszú Eszencia: min. 180 g/l
- Eszencia: min. 450 g/l
140
From the 2013 vintage, which Tokaji style categories were eliminated?
- Aszú 3 Puttonyons
- Aszú 4 Puttonyons
- Aszú 5 Puttonyons
- Aszú 6 Puttonyons
- Aszú Eszencia
141
From the 2013 vintage, modern Tokaj Aszú is simply labeled ______ and it ages for ____ years (with _____ months in barrel) prior release. It contains at least _____ of residual sugar and min. alcohol of _____ % abv
- "Aszú"
- 3 years (18 mths in barrel)
- 120 g/l
- 9% abv
142
Oremus Estate is owned by? where is it?
- Tokaji (Hungary)
- 1993 bought by David Álvarez (Owner of Vega Sicilia)
143
What is Fordítás?
- A style of Tokaji
- Re-fermenting wine/ must poured on pressed aszú paste (Marc)
- Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)
144
What is Máslás?
- A style of Tokaji
- Re-fermenting new wine/ must poured on aszú lees
- Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)
145
What is Kékfrankos?
Red Grape: Blaufränkisch (Hungary)
146
What is Kékoportó?
Red Grape: Blauer Portugieser (Hungary)
147
What is Egri Bikavèr?
- Also known as "Bull's Blood of Eger"
- Blended red base with Kadarka, Kékfrankos + CS, CF, PN
- ONLY Eger (North Hungary) and Szekszárd (Transdanubia) can use the term "Bikavèr"
148
What is the principal grape of Sopron PDO?
(North-west of Hungary, Austria's Burgenland border)
- Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch)
149
What is the principal grape of Villány PDO?
(Southernmost of Hungary)
- Bordeaux varieties
- Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch)
- Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
150
Name some regions of Romania
7
1) Moldova (東北)
2) Dobrogea (東南)
3) Muntenia & Oltenia (南)
4) Banat (西)
5) Crisana & Maramures (西北)
6) Transylvania Plateau (中)
7) Danube Terraces
151
Briefly explain the climate conditions of Romania
1) Carpathian Mountains give great impact
2) North & West: Continental (cold short winter, warm summer)
3) East: Maritime (black sea, mild winter, hot summer)
152
What are the soil types of Romania?
- Stony (Carpathian Mountains)
- Alluvial & sand (Coastal)
153
Define the Wine classification system in Romania (2012)
## Quality wines
- DOC (PDO)
- VS (PGI)
## Table wines (Wines for current consumption)
- Vin de Masa Superior/ VMS (Superior table wine)
- Vin de Masa/VM (Table wine)
154
Define the meaning of these subcategories of DOC wines in Romania:
- DOC-CMD
- DOC-CT
- DOC-CIB
- DOC-CMD: Grape harvested at full maturity
- DOC-CT: Late-harvested grapes
- DOC-CIB: Botrytis-affected grapes
155
Where is the origin of Feteasca Alba & Feteasca Regala?
Romania
156
Name 5 regions of Bulgaria
1) Danubian Plain (Northern Bulgaria)
2) Black Sea (Eastern Bulgaria)
3) Rose Valley (Sub Balkan)
4) Thracian Lowlands (Southern Bulgaria)
5) Struma Valley (South-western Bulgaria)
157
When was Bulgaria's wine regulations introduced?
1978
158
What are the classifications of Bulgaria's wine with designation of origin?
- DGO (Declared Geographical Origin)
- Controliran (Specified varieties in specified areas)
159
Name two quality categories for Bulgaria's wines
- Reserve wines: aged for 12 mths (either barrel or other)
- Special reserve: aged for 18 mths (6 mths in barrel)
160
Name a producer from Croatia
- Roxanich (Istria)
## " Teran" Refosco-based
## "Super Istria" Cab Sau-based
161
Where is Commandaria?
- A sweet wine region in Cyprus
162
Amynteo Style(s)
Red (dry to medium sweet) + Rosé (dry to medium sweet) + Sparkling Rosé (dry to medium sweet)
163
Anchialos Style(s)
White (dry)
164
Archanes Style(s)
Red (dry)
165
Dafnes Style(s)
Red (dry and sweet)
166
Goumenissa Style(s)
Red (dry)
167
Lemnos Style(s)
White (dry to medium sweet)
168
Mantinia Style(s)
White (dry)
169
Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia Style(s)
Red (sweet)
170
Mavrodaphne of Patras Style(s)
Red (sweet)
171
Messenikola Style(s)
Red (dry)
172
Monemvassia-Malvasia Style(s)
White (sweet) (sun-dried grapes; Vin Doux Naturel; Vin Liastos)
173
Muscat of Cephalonia Style(s)
White (sweet); Vin Doux Naturel, "Grand Cru"
174
Muscat of Lemnos Style(s)
White (sweet); Vin Doux Naturel, "Grand Cru"
175
Muscat of Patras and Muscat of Rio Patras Style(s)
White (sweet); Vin Doux Naturel, "Grand Cru"
176
Muscat of Rhodes Style(s)
White (sweet); Vin Doux Naturel, "Grand Cru"
177
Muscat of Samos Style(s)
White (sweet)
178
Naoussa Style(s)
Red (dry to medium sweet)
179
Nemea Style(s)
Red (dry to sweet)
180
Paros Style(s)
White (dry) - Red (dry)
181
Patras Style(s)
White (dry to medium sweet)
182
Peza Style(s)
White (dry) - Red (dry)
183
Playes Meliton Style(s)
White (dry) - Red (dry)
184
Rapsani Style(s)
Red (dry)
185
Rhodes Style(s)
White (dry to medium sweet) - Red (dry to medium sweet)
186
Robola Style(s)
White (dry)
187
Santorini Style(s)
White (dry); Nychteri; Vinsanto
188
Sitia Style(s)
White (dry) - Red (dry and sweet)
189
Zitsa Style(s)
White (dry, medium sweet, sparkling)
190
Climate
warm to hot mediterranean moderated by
1. proximity to the sea
3. south-eastearly winds
2. altitudes
191
Weather
Lack of rain in growing season can cause drought-related issue particularly in the eastern side which lies in the rain shadow
192
White Grape Varieties
Assyrtiko
Savatiano
Roditis
193
Black Grape Varieties
Xinomavro
Agiorgitiko
194
Grapegrowing
1. Best vineyards in sites cooled by altitude or proximity to sea
2. Bush training widespread to protect against heat
3. Vines planted in shallow hollows to protect against high winds (Santorini)
195
Key Wine Regions
Naoussa
Nemea
Santorini
196
Naoussa PDO
- located in Macedonia in the north
- vineyards on altitudes up to 400 m noticeably cooler than valley floor
- Xinomavro
197
Xinomavro
- often compared to Nebbiolo
- medium ruby colour that quickly fades to tawny as it ages
- high levels of acidity and tannins
- lack of fresh fruity flav
- long lived develop complex spice and earthy aromas as it ages
- wide range of styles
1. more deeply coloured less tannic
2. aged in new oak
198
Nemea PDO
- north of Peloponnese in the south of Greece
- Agiorgitiko
- altitudes that ranges from 230 to 900 m
- best sites are in the middle of this range
- sites on lower slopes are hot and produce overly jammy fruit giving fruity wines for early consumption
- sites on the highest slopes have a marked acidity that makes them more suited for rosé wine production or for give fruit freshness to a blend
199
Agiorgitiko
- deep ruby red colour
- low to moderate acidity and high levels of smooth tannins
- red fruit flavours and sweet spices
- great affinity for new oak and potential to age
200
Santorini
- located in the Aegean sea
- affected by very strong wind
- permanent wood trained in a basket shaped hollow to protect the fruit that grows on the inside
- dry and sweet wines from Assyrtiko
201
Assyrtiko dry
- perfumed aromas and concentrated flavours of ripe citrus and stone fruit
- high acidity
202
Assyrtiko sweet
- from late harvested grapes which are sun-dried for up to 14 days
- aged in new oak for a min of 2 years
- caramel and nuts
203
A special and unique way of vine pruning developed on Santorini
Santorini “kouloura”
204
Nykteri
Santorini's dry white style , made from overripe grapes given skin contact during the early stages of fermentation, and then barrel aged for between 3 and 10 months
205
Santorini Vinsanto grapes
at least 50 percent Assyrtico, with smaller percentages of Athiri and Aidani.
206
PDO category for traditional sweet wines
Controlled Appellation of Origin/ Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Eλεγχόμενης (AOC/OPE)
207
PDO for dry wines
Appellation of Superior Quality/ Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Ανωτέρας Ποιότητος (AOSQ/OPAP)
208
the winemaker who launched Domaine Carras
Evangelos Gerovassiliou
209
Who consulted Domaine Carras?
Emile Peynaud
210
Domaine Gerovassiliou
Where
PGI Thessaloniki in Macedonia
211
PDO on the slopes of Mnt Olympus
Rapsani PDO
Thessalia
212
Anchialos PDO grapes
Roditis
Savvatiano
213
Messenikola PDO
Grapes
Minimum 70% Mavro Mesenikola
maximum 30% combined Syrah and Carignan
214
Which wines are named blood of Hercules” (or “blood of the lion”)
Nemea PDO
215
The name of this grape means black laurel
Mavrodaphne
216
Prominent estate of Mavrodaphne of Patras
Achaia-Clauss
217
What wine is used for the communion sacrament in Greek Orthodox services
Mavrodaphne of Patras
218
What % of Greek wine is produced on the Crete
0.2
219
PDOs of Crete from W to E
Dafnes, Archanes, Peza, Sitia
220
the dominant grape in the red Sitia and Daphnes PDO
Liatiko
221
Cyclades islands
2
Santorini
Paros
222
Santorini pioneer producer
Paris Sigalas
223
Amphoras on Santorini
pitharia
224
New winery of Paris Sigalas
Paris winery
225
the only Greek appellation that mandates use of a white grape (Monemvassia) in red blends.
Paros
226
On Samos Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is known as
Moscato Aspro
227
The naturally sweet wine of Samos is called
Samos Nectar
228
Santorini wine styles
3
Kavalieros (18 months on the lees)
Nykteri (3 years following the harvest)
Mavrotragano (3-4 years later)
229
Greece
How many hectares
110 000 ha
230
Colour of Retsina
White
Rose
231
Grapes for Vinsanto
Assirtiko, Athiri, Aidani
232
Acreage of Greece vineyards
65 000
233
The smallest PDO of Greece
Mesenikola
95 ha
