Hungary Flashcards
WHAT WAS FIRST REGION IN THE WORLD WHERE THE FIRST SYSTEM FOR RANKING WINE ON THE BASIS OF QUALITY?
TOKAJ-HEGYALJA (TOKE-EYE-HEDGE-AL-YA)
WHAT MAJOR RIVER DIVIDES HUNGARY?
DANUBE
WHAT ARE THE SEVEN IMPORTANT WINE REGIONS?
- TOKAJI HEGYALJA
- BADACSONY
- SOMLO
- SZEKSZARD
- VILLANY-SIKLOS
- EGER
- MATRA
ONE OF THE LARGEST LAKES IS LOCATED IN HUNGARY, WHAT IS IT?
LAKE BALATON
WHAT ARE THE WINE REGIONS OF TRANSDANUBIA?
4
SOMLO
BADASCONY
SZEKSZARD
VILLANY-SIKLOS
MAJOR RED GRAPES OF HUNGARY
KEKFRANKOS (BLAUFRANKISCH)
KEKOPORTO
ZWEIGELT
WHATS THE MOUNTAIN RANGE OF NORTHERN HUNGARY?
CARPATHIAN MT RANGE
SWEETNESS OF TOKAJI IS MEASURED IN WHAT?
PUTTONYOS
WHAT RIVER LIES SOUTH OF TOJAKI-HEGYALJA?
BODROG RIVER
WHATS THE PROCESS IN MAKING TOKAJI ASZU?
- THE SHRIVELED GRAPES ARE PICKED BY HAND
- GRAPES ARE THEN BROUGHT TO THE WINERY, WHERE THEY ARE CRUSHED INTO A PASTE
- PASTE IS ADDED IN VARIOUS PROPORTIONS TO THE BASE WINE OF THE SAME YEAR.
- THE PROPORTIONS OF ASZU ADDED ARE MEASURED IN PUTTONYOS
THE RATIO OF PUTTONYOS TO BASE WINE IN EACH BARREL DETERMINED THE SWEETNESS OF THE WINE
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BARRELS USED TO FERMENT TOKAJI ARE CALLED WHAT?
GONCI
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SWEETNESS
-3 PUTONYOS
-4 PUTONYOS
-5 PUTONYOS
-6 PUTONYOS
-TOKAJI ASZU ESSZENCIA
-TOKAJI ESSZENCIA
THE NUMBER OF PUTONYOS IS BASED ON THE AMOUNT OF RESIDUAL SUGAR THE WINE CONTAINS RATHER THAN BASKET.
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ASZU PASTE WILL STEEP IN THE BASE WINE FOR AS LITTLE AS EIGHT HOURS OR AS LONG AS THREE DAYS.
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WHATS THE LAW FOR AGING TOKAJI?
AT LEAST 3 YEARS IN OAK BARRELS AND IN BOTTLE BEFORE BEING SOLD.
WHAT ARE THE TWO OTHER CATEGORIES OF RARE TOKAJI ASZUS?
TOKAJI ASZU ESSENCIA
TOKAJI ESSZENCIA
FIRST CLASS AND SECOND CLASS CLASSIFICATIONS WERE CALLED
1ST-PRIMAE CLASSIS
2ND-SECUNDE CLASSIS
TWO VINEYARDS CSARFAS AND MEZES MALY WERE GIVEN THE DESIGNATION CALLED WHAT?
PRO MENSA CAESARIS PRIMUS (CHOSEN FOR THE ROYAL TABLE)
IN 1995, THE TOP PRODUCERS OF TOKAJI FORMED AN ASSOCIATION CALLED WHAT?
TOKAJ RENAISSANCE
ANOTHER TYPE OF WINE MADE IN TOKAJ REGION IS WHAT?
SZAMORODNI-“AS IT IS GROWN”-MUST BE AGED TWO YEARS IN THE BARREL.
BEST PRODUCERS OF TOKAJ ASZU?
-ALANA-TOKAJ
-CHATEAU PAJZOS
-DISZNOKO
-DOBOGO
-HETSDO
-ISTVAN SZEPSY
-OREMUS
-ROYAL TOKAJI WINE COMPANY
New appellation in Hungary since 2019
Monor/Monori
Monor / Monori
peuvent être blancs, rosés ou rouges.
Ils sont issus de différents cépages de variétés internationales et traditionnelles hongroises, tels que le Cabernet franc, le Kékfrankos, leChardonnayou le Hárslevelű, tous cultivés autour de la ville de Monor dans le centre du pays.
Hungarian for PDO
Oltalam Alatt Allo Eredetmegjeloles
Hungarian for PGI
Oltalam Alatt Allo Foldrajzi Jelzes
Hungarian PDO Wines Categories
Minosegi Bor - “Quality Wine”
Vedett Eredetu Bor - “Special Quality Wine”
Hungarian PGI Wines
Tajbor
Hungarian Climate
Continental climate
short, cold winters
long, warm summers and autumns
can ripen Cabernet Sauvignon
Some areas develop noble rot
Furmint
Varietal that makes concentrated high acid whites
Premium dry whites
principal grape in Tokaji
Harslevelu
“Linden Leaf”
Late ripening and prone to Botrytis
Used in Tokaji
Sarga Muscotaly
=Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
Aromatic, orange blossom
Third important grape for Tokaji
Olasz Rizling
=Welschriesling
Light, crisp, bitter almonds
Commonly grown
Irsai Oliver
Native Crossing
aromatic wines similar to Muscat or Gewurztraminer
Kekfrankos
=Blaufrankish
Part of Egri Bikaver (Bull’s Blood of Eger) blend
Light, Peppery, High Acidity
Kadarka
Prone to Grey Rot
Needs low yields and great site to ripen
Used to comprise Egri Bikaver (Bull’s Blood of Eger) blend with Kekfrankos but has since been replaced by Cab Sauv.
Zwiegelt
Austrian cross between Kekfrankos (Blaufrankish) and St. Laurent
Widely planted, high yields
International varietals used in Hungary
Pinot Gris, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc
How many vineyard areas are in Hungary
22
The Great Plains
southern vineyards
over half of Hungary’s vineyards
Largest lake in Europe
Lake Balaton - has significant moderating influence
Describe Tokaji region
foothills of Carpathian Mountains
Eastern border near Slovakia
warm sloping vineyards
early morning humidity from Bodrog and Tisza rivers
Tokaji Rivers
Bodrog
Tisza
Categories for harvest in Tokaji
- Azsu (Rotten) - individual grapes
- Szamorodni (As it comes) bunches with some Botrytis
- Grapes unaffected by Botrytis
Tokaji Szamorodni
Can be made dry (szaraz) or sweet (edes)
Even dry wines will show botrytis characted
1 year in cask, 2 years aging before release
Dry wines aged like fino sherry, with flor-like yeast
Edes
Sweet
Szaraz
Dry
Tokaji Azsu
Starts with healthy base wine
Azsu grapes macerated in base wine for up to 36 hours
After pressing, wines matured at least 3 years, 2 in oak
Puttony
unit used to express the level of sweetness
Puttonyos scale
3 puttonyos - 60 grams/liter
4 puttonyos - 90 grams/liter
5 puttonyos - 120 grams/liter
6 puttonyos - 150 grams/liter
Name that wine:
deep amber, with high acidity and intense aromas, and flavors of orange marmalade, apricots and honey. Hints of rye bread, smoke, coffee, caramel.
Tokaji
Azsu Essencia
Sweetest wine in the Aszu category
very rare, very expensive
Min 180 g/L RS
Only made in best years from best vineyards
Tokaji Essencia
Very rare outside of the region
Made using only the free-run juice of Azsu grapes
Takes years to ferment, usually less than 5% Alc
minimum residual sugar is 450 grams/liter
How many total PDO regions exist in Hungary?
31
How many PGI regions exist in Hungary?
6
What are the three major geographical zones of production in Hungary?
North Hungary, the western region of Transdanubia, and the southern Great Plain
North Hungary includes which two regions?
Tokaj and Eger
What wine is the region of Eger famous for?
Egri Bikavér—the “Bull’s Blood of Eger”
Egri Bikavér was historically dominated by what grape?
Kadarka
Today, Egri Bikavér is a blend of which grapes?
Kadarka, Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch), and other Hungarian and international grapes
Which regions are permitted to use “Bikavér” on labels?
Eger and Szekszárd in Transdanubia
In which region is Badacsony located?
Transdanubia
In which region is Balatonfüred-Csopak located?
Transdanubia
What is Europe’s largest lake?
Lake Balaton
Where is Lake Balaton located?
Transdanubia, in Hungary
Where is Somló?
Transdanubia
Villány lies along the border with which country?
Lies along the Hungarian border with Croatia
What is Hungary’s hottest region?
Villány
What are the main grapes of Villány?
Bordeaux varieties, Kékfrankos, and Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
With which country is Sopron contiguous?
Austria (Burgenland)
What grape is most associated with Sopron?
Kékfrankos
What major region contains a majority of Hungary’s acreage under vine?
The Great Plain
What is Hungary’s largest sub-region?
Kunság
In which region is Kunság located?
The Great Plain
Where in Hungary is the Tokaj region located?
North eastern corner
When were Tokaj’s vineyard’s classified?
In 1700
Delimited 28 villages in the region
(Some sources date classification to 1730 and final legal recognition in 1772)
Aszú grapes?
Fundamental component of the best Tokaj wines.
Originally signified desiccated grapes - evolved to indicate grapes of high sugar levels afflicted with Botrytis Cinerea (noble rot)
When has Aszú appeared in works?
As early as 1571
(Predates botrytised German wines and probably Sauternes)
What stopped Tokaj from producing quality wine in 20th century?
Iron curtain
What shelters the Tokaj region?
Carpathian mountains
Climate of Tokaj?
Warm continental climate with long, humid autumns (perfect for botrytis)
Soils of Tokaj?
Volcanic loess and clay
Who first delisted the Tokaj region?
Prince Rákoczy
How were the vineyards of Tokaj classified?
Into 1st, 2nd and 3rd growths
Remains relevant today through Tokaj Renaissance (producers association devoted to the protection of the concept)
How many vineyards are classified as 1st growth?
74
Great 1st growth?
Superlative designation - just 2
• Szarvas
• Mézes Mály
What are the principal grapes of the Tokaj region?
• Furmint
• Hárslevelu
Which of the principal grapes in considered key to Tokaj Aszú?
Furmint - particularly susceptible to botrytis and high in acidity
Puttony?
Containers which the grapes are gathered into (holds 25kg)
Esszencia
A part of syrupy free-run juice that comes out of the Aszú must - vinified desperately.
Production method of Tokaj Aszú?
• Hand harvested grapes
• Aszú trampled into paste, or dough
• number of puttony containing Aszú paste is mixed with gönci barrels of must or base wine from non-Aszú grapes.
Gönc?
Hungarian oak cask of approximately 136L
What determines the sweetness of the Takj Aszú?
The number of puttony added to a gönc
How was Tokaj labeled before revisions in the law?
Was labeled with 3 - 6 puttonyos to indicate sweetness
How is Tokaj labeled now?
Law change for 2013 harvest
Modern Tokay Aszú is simply labeled “Aszú”
Aging of Tokaj Aszú?
3 yeas prior to release - min. 18 months in barrel
Min. Residual sugar and alcohol of Tokay Aszú?
Min. 120 g/l
Alcohol content of 9%
Esszencia?
Also known as Natúresszencia
Super rich, just from small free run juice of the Aszú must.
Ferments very slowly, can take decades to reach 4-6% alcohol
Richer than honey and has at least 450 grams per liter of residual sugar.
Rarely seen commercially
Other styles of Tokaj Aszú?
• Tokaj Szamorodni (“as it comes”)
Mixture of Aszú and non-Aszú grapes and often oxidative in style - matted in cask minimum of 2 years.
Often under film-forming yeast similar to Flor.
Can be dry (édes) and sweet (száras)
• Forditás and Máslas wines are the product of re-fermenting wine with the pressed paste or spent lees, respectively, of Tokaj Aszú
Circle of Mád?
A small contingent of producers commuted to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region
When did it become prohibited to use the term “Tokaj” or its derivatives (Tokay, Tocai) on labels?
2007
How many wines appellations were identified in 2000?
22
EU reform has led to how many qualifying for PDO status?
31
How many PGI areas in Hungary?
6
How many major geographical zones of production are there in Hungary and what are they?
3
• North Hungary
• western region of Transdanubia
• southern Great Plain
Which major geographical area is Tokaj in?
North Hungary
Region in Hungary on the south of the Neusiedlersee
Sopron
Wineryof Vega Sicilia
Oremus
Puttonios - how many kilos
25
Barrel for Tokaji
Gonzi
136 l
Fruit distillate
Palinka
Herbs liqueur
Unicum Zwack
White wine from Eger
Egri Csillag (lit. Eger Star) is a new, cuvée wine made up of a blend of white grape types grown in the Eger region.
Oremus grape - parents
Furmint + Bouvier
Oremus grape =
Zeta
Top wine region of Hungary
Nagy Somlo
Where is Nagy Somlo
In the northwest of Hungary and is the country’s smalles wine region.
Top grape of Nagy Somlo
Juhfark, with flavors of lemon, smoke, and minerals
What are Austria’s main wine regions
Niederoserreich, and Wachau/Kremstal\Kamptaal
What is the most important region of Austria
Niederosterreich
What is the best known dry white wine from austria
Gruner Veltliner
What percentage of wine produced in Austria is red?
30 percent of wine in Austria are this color
What is the most important red wine in Austria
Blaufrankish (aka Lemberger and aka Kekfrankos in Hungary)
Can Gruner Veltliner be made in a sweet style
Yes but it’s usually dry
What happened in 1985 with the Austrian wine industry
The Antifreeze scandal of 1985
What was the Antifreeze scandal of 1985?
In Austria, it was discovered that wineries and brokers wer adding diethylene glycol to wine to make them seem sweeter and more full bodied like lateharvest wines
What three - part region near Niederosterreich in Austria is known for producing Gruner Veltliner and Riesling?
Wachau/Kamptal/Kremstal
What is the most important wine reigion in the southern part of Austria?
Burgenland
How many acres does the Austrian region of Burgenland have?
32,200 acres here in Austria
What type of wines if Burgenland famous for?
sweet wines and increasingly red wines
Where is Burgenland located
On the Hungarian border
Even farther south than Burgenland, what is another important region of Austria?
Sudsteiermark, which is known for S.B., Muscat blanc and Pinot Blanc
Where is Sudsteiermark located
IN the farsouth of Austria near the Slovenian border.
What grape is indigenous to Burgenland in Austria
Blauer Zweigelt
What is an important wine region of Hungary in its southwestern part?
Vulage.
IN Austria, What grape is Blauer Zweigelt related to?
Umathum Zwigelt.
In Austria, where are sweeter, dessert wines made
Around the Neusideler Sea.
What wine glass maker is Austrian
Riedel
What type of wine is Sudsteiermark known for?
Aromatic, savory wines from Weissburgunder (Pinot Blanc), Morillon (chardonnay) and S.B.
What wine is Kamptal specifically known for?
Gruner Veltline or Riesling in two styles: classic style medium bodies and a rich opulent reserve style.
What wine is Kremstal known for in particular?
Spicy Gruner Veltline and delicate minerally Riesling
what wine is Wachau particularly known for?
Gruner Veltline and Riesling, of very high quality.
In Burgenland, what are the characteristics of the Blauer Zweigelt wine?
powerful, juicy red wine.
What percentage of Austrian vineyards are planted with Grune Veltliner?
36 percent of vineyards in this country are froml this grape
How many wine regions are there in Hungary
22 wine producing regions in this country
What are the best known wines of Hungary outside of Hungary
Tokaji white dessert wine and Bull’s Blood of Eger (Egri Bikaver)
What is a top wine region of Hungary
Nagy Somlo
Where is Nagy Somlo
In the northwest of Hungary and is the country’s smalles wine region.
What is a top wine of Nagy Somlo?
Juhfark, with flavors of lemon, smoke, and minerals
What is a second wine region of Hungary
Villany
What grapes and wines is Villany in Hungary known for?
Cab Franch, Cab S., Merlot and Kekfrank, world class structured and elegant, good tannins..
What is Egri Bikaver in Hungary
Bull’s Blood, badass red blend rich in tannin and spice.
What is the required blend of Bull’s Blood-Egri Bikaver
at least 50 percent from a native grape, typically Kekfrankos and at least two other grapes.
What is Hungary’s most famous wine region
Tokaji in the foothills in the far north of the country crossing into Slovakia.
What does the Hungary wine terms Aszu mean
Botritized.
Why is Tokaji in Hungary so well suited to Botrytis wines?
It is located in an area with warm long autums and mists from the River Bodrog.
How long has wine been important in Greece
4000 yearrs
Why is Greek wine unique
Because there are more than 300 indigenous varieties of grapes
What about Greece makes it well suited to grape growing
In this country, what do these things mean: moderate climate, plentiful sunshine, low rainfall and soils of moderate fertility
Four wine regions of Greece to remember
Macedonia, Sterea Ellada, Peloponnese, and Aegean Islands
Where are the Aegian Islands
southeast of the Greek mainland and east of Peloponnese
Where is Peloponnese
Southenr part of the Greek mainland
Where is Sterea Ellada?
In the southeastern part of Greece , includes Athens.
Where is Macedonia
In th far north of Greece, the largest wine region
What describes Macedonia
It is one of the finest and oldest wine making regions of Greece.
What is a famous AVA in Macedonia
Naoussa, one of the first AOCs registered in Greece, producer of full bodies reds made fromm Xinomavro
What Greek grape produce fullbodied reds?
Xinomavro
What makes the Attica are of Sterea Allda famous?
This is where Dionysus, God of Wine, introduced
Who first referred to Pelopennese
Homer who called it full of vines
What is the most important AOC of southern Greece that is in Pelopennese
Nemea, which produces red wine from Agiorghito grape
What is noteworthy about the history of the Aegean Islands in terms of winemaking
Rhodes, the legendary island of the knights was one of the first wine producing regions.
0What type of trellising system is used for the Assyrtiko grape in the Aegian Islands?
A very low to the ground trellis
What are the Greek white grapes to rememver
Assyrtiko and Moschofilero
What are the Greek red grapes to remember
Agiorghitiko and Xinomavro
Where was Assyrtiko first cultivated
Santorini in the Aegean Islands
What is noteworthy about Assyrtiko?
It produces a white wine that is a fine AOC in the Aegeans that maintains its acidity as it ripens.
Where is the Moschofilero grape grown in Greeeece?
The AOC region of Mantinia in Pelopennesse
What is notable about Moschofilero?
Gray skin, produces blanc de gris colored wine.
Where does Agiorghito grow in Greece?
The AOC region of Nemea in Pelopennese
What is notable about Agiorghito?
Deep red wine and aromatic complexity, soft tannins.
Where does Xinomavro grow in Greece?
Macedonia
What is notable about Xinomavro grape?
Means “acid black” and is known for superb aging potential.
Where does China stand worldwide for wine production and consumption
Thhis nation is 10th in wine production and consumption
How much of Japan’s wine consumption does it produce itself?
ONe-third
Describe Koshu grapes in Japan
Wines are straw colored, soft and fruity bouquet with citrus and peach . Tast clean, delicarte and fresh. Grapes are light red to pink.
Туран
сорт-красильщик
Выведен в Венгрии в 1964
Tokaj’s uncrowned king of winemaking
István Szepsy
6 varieties allowed for Tokaj wine region
Furmint
Harslevelu
Muskotaly
Koverszolo
Zeta
Kabar
The first system of appellations in Europe
Tokaj
1730
1st, 2nd and 3rd growths
Oremus
Vega Sicilia
Which grape variety was called The Unpronounceable in England?
Cserszegi Fűszeres
Which variety is grown almost exclusively in Badacsony wine region?
Kéknyelű
Which grape variety has the name meaning “sheep’s tail”?
Juhfark
Which grape has leaves similar to that of the linden tree?
Hárslevelű
Which is the youngest grape of Tokaj wine region (it has been allowed since 2006)?
Kabar
Which winery was the first to make bottle fermented sparkling wine of Furmint?
Garamvári
Korai Piros Veltelini=
Frühroter Veltliner
Which is the most widely planted black grape in Hungary
Kékfrankos
the most widely planted grape in Hungary
Olaszrizling
Tokaj vineyards rated Great First Growth
2
Szarvas
Mezes Maly
Tokaj vineyards rated First Class Growth
2
Oremus
Disznoko
DHC=
Districtus Hungaricus Controllatus
DHC synonym
Védett Eredetű
When DHC was created?
2003
How many DHC?
7
- Eger DHC (includes Egri Bikavér DHC and Egri Bikavér Superior DHC)
- Debrői Hárslevelű DHC
- Villány DHC
- Somló DHC (Somló Nászéjszakák bora DHC and Somlói Arany DHC)
- Káli Medence DHC
- Izsáki Arany Sárfehér DHC
- Tokaji DHC
Acreage of vineyards in Hungary
65 000 ha
