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I. Neuroanatomy > Pons, Medulla and Cerebellum (M2) > Flashcards

Pons, Medulla and Cerebellum (M2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tegmentum mesencephalon directly continuous with?

A

tegmentum pons

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2
Q

What fibers and nuclei are located in the tegmentum mesencephalon?

A
  1. Ascending sensory fibers
  2. CN III nuclei
  3. CN IV nuclei
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3
Q

What fibers and nuclei are located in the tegmentum pons?

A
  1. Ascending sensory fibers
  2. CN V nuclei
  3. CN VI nuclei
  4. CN VII nuclei
  5. CN VIII nuclei
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4
Q

What CN cell bodies are located in the medulla?

A
  1. CN IX
  2. CN X
  3. CN XI
  4. CN XII
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5
Q

What fibers and nuclei are located in the base of pons?

A
  1. descending motor fibers

2. pontine nuclei (pontocerebellar tract, motor nuclei)

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6
Q

What is located posterior to the pons?

A

4th ventricle and then cerebellum

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7
Q

Where does CN VI, CN VII, and CN VIII exit the brainstem?

A

pontomedullar junction

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8
Q

What is just posterior to the abducens CN nucleus?

A

facial colliculus

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9
Q

What are the somatic visceral effect central nerves?

A

V, VII, IX, X, XI

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10
Q

Describe the pathway of CN VII from its nucleus.

A

Facial motor nucleus goes posterior and wraps around the abducens nucleus then heads anterior and lateral to exit and the pontomedullar junction

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11
Q

What is the most common child tumor of brain?

A

medulloblastoma tumor

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12
Q

What are transverse ponsal-cerebellar fibers called?

A

Cerebellar peduncle

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13
Q

What CN nuclei make up the somatic efferent column? 1. Where is this line of CN nuclei in relation to the 4th ventricle? 2

A
  1. III, IV, VI, XII

2. anterior to 4th ventricle

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14
Q

What is the crossing auditory fibers located at the pons called?

A

trapezoid body

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15
Q

What fibers go through the medullary pyramid?

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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16
Q

What are the two names for the fibers in the base of the pons that are traveling from pons to cerebellum?

A
  1. transverse fibers

2. pontine cerebellar fibers

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17
Q

What is the name of the fibers at the base of the pons that travel up and down the brain stem? 1. What types of fibers are these? 2

A
  1. longitudinal fibers

2. corticobulbar or corticospinal

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18
Q

What are the fibers called from the cortex to the base of pons?

A

corticopontine fibers

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19
Q

Where is the problem in the brain when there are issues with sleep walking?

A

Issues with pontine nucleus (cortex telling cerebellum plan)

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20
Q

What is the largest of the cerebellar peduncles?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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21
Q

What CN exits at the same level as the trochlear nerve (VI)?

A

CN V

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22
Q

What is just posterior to the 4th ventricle and gets larger when moving from pons to medulla (or superior cerebellar peduncle to middle cerebellar peduncle)?

A

superior medullar vellum

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23
Q

What does damage to CN VI show clinically in the eye?

A

incomitant esotropia

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24
Q

If a person has a left esotropia then what is the result if the left eye is covered? 1. If the right eye is covered? 2

A
  1. no change

2. left eye moves out

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25
What is the first sign of compression of the right facial colliculus? 1. What is the second sign? 2
1. right face flaccid paralysis | 2. right incomitant esotropia
26
What structure form the "rhombencephalon"?
pons and medulla
27
What nuclei make up the somatic visceral efferent column?
1. V 2. VII 3. Nucleus ambiguous (cell body location for SVE of IX, X, XI)
28
What are the bumps of the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata from medial to lateral?
1. pyramid 2. olive 3. lateral funiculus
29
What is the gap between the right and left medullary pyramids called?
anterior (or ventral) median fissue
30
What is the gap between the pyramid and the olive of the medulla called?
anterior (or ventral) lateral sulcus
31
What is the gap between the olive and the funiculus of the medulla called?
posterolateral (or dorso) sulcus
32
Of the pyramid and the olive of the medulla, which of the two runs from only the cranial half of the medulla?
olive
33
Which olivary nucleus is the motor nucleus hooked up to the cerebellum?
inferior olivary nucleus
34
Which olivary nucleus receives auditory info?
superior olivary nucleus
35
What center in the medulla is immediately dorsal to the olive?
cardiovascular centers
36
What center in the medulla is immediately dorsal to the cardiovascular center?
respiratory rhythmicity center
37
What does a coma with a patient that does not have mydriasis at first but then develops mydriasis indicate?
descending coma because in mesencephalon (CN III)
38
Is the 4th ventricle "open" or "closed" at the cranial aspect of the intersection of the pons and medulla? 1. At the caudal aspect? 2
1. open | 2. closed
39
What central nerve(s) exit at the dorsolateral sulcus?
IX, X, XI
40
What central nerve(s) exit at the anterolateral sulcus?
XII
41
Where does the inferior olivary nucleus send sensory fibers into? 1. What are these fibers called? 2
1. contralateral cerebellar peduncle | 2. inferior cerebellar peduncles
42
What does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect the cerebellum to? 1. Are these fibers efferent or afferent? 2.
1. mesencephalon (mostly red nucleus) (branchium conjunctivum) 2. efferent (few afferent)
43
What does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect the cerebellum to? 1. Are these fibers efferent or afferent? 2.
1. pons (brachium pontis) | 2. afferent into cerebellum (all)
44
What does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect the cerebellum to? 1. Are these fibers efferent or afferent? 2.
1. medulla | 2. afferent (few efferent)
45
What fibers that can be seen in the caudal medulla send unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum?
nucleus cuneocerebellar
46
Is the nucleus gracilis responsible for the lower or upper limbs?
lower
47
Is the nucleus cuneatus responsible for the lower or upper limbs?
upper
48
Where is the location of the synapse of sensory nerves for conscious proprioception?
nucleus gracilis
49
What is the cerebellum primarily responsible for?
timing and force of muscle activity
50
What are the things of the cerebellum that are in "threes"?
1. three lobes 2. three peduncles connect brainstem 3. three layers of cortex 4. three output nuclei 5. three clinical cerebellar syndromes
51
What are the three cerebellar lobes from oldest to newest?
1. floculonodular 2. anterior 3. posterior
52
Where does the floculonodular lobe get most of its input from? 1. What is another name for this lobe? 2
1. vestibular apparatus | 2. archicerebellum
53
Where does the anterior lobe get most of its input from? 1. What is another name for this lobe? 2
1. sensory from limbs via spinal tracts | 2. paleo or spino cerebellum
54
Where does the posterior lobe have strong connections with? 1. What is another name for this lobe? 2
1. cerebral cortex | 2. neo or cerebrocerebellum
55
What is the vestibular apparatus tied to? 1. What is the result is damaged? 2
1. CN III, IV, VI through MLF | 2. nastagmis
56
What is the fissure of the cerebellum that separates the anterior and posterior lobes?
primary fissure
57
What is the fissure of the cerebellum that separates the floculonodular and posterior lobes?
posterolateral fissure
58
What is the bump in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum called?
cerebellar tonsil
59
What part of the body does the vermis of the cerebellum control?
trunk
60
What part of the body does the cerebrocerebellum of the cerebellum control?
arms and legs
61
What does vermil disease cause? 1. What is the primary cause of vermil disease? 2
1. trunkal ataxia | 2. 4th ventricle blastoma
62
What is the disease that is a herniated cerebellum through the foramen magnum and may present as a cerebellar disease or a headache?
Arnold-Chiari Malformation (type 1)

I. Neuroanatomy (18 decks)

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