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I. Neuroanatomy > Pons, Medulla and Cerebellum (M2) > Flashcards

Pons, Medulla and Cerebellum (M2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tegmentum mesencephalon directly continuous with?

A

tegmentum pons

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2
Q

What fibers and nuclei are located in the tegmentum mesencephalon?

A
  1. Ascending sensory fibers
  2. CN III nuclei
  3. CN IV nuclei
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3
Q

What fibers and nuclei are located in the tegmentum pons?

A
  1. Ascending sensory fibers
  2. CN V nuclei
  3. CN VI nuclei
  4. CN VII nuclei
  5. CN VIII nuclei
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4
Q

What CN cell bodies are located in the medulla?

A
  1. CN IX
  2. CN X
  3. CN XI
  4. CN XII
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5
Q

What fibers and nuclei are located in the base of pons?

A
  1. descending motor fibers

2. pontine nuclei (pontocerebellar tract, motor nuclei)

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6
Q

What is located posterior to the pons?

A

4th ventricle and then cerebellum

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7
Q

Where does CN VI, CN VII, and CN VIII exit the brainstem?

A

pontomedullar junction

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8
Q

What is just posterior to the abducens CN nucleus?

A

facial colliculus

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9
Q

What are the somatic visceral effect central nerves?

A

V, VII, IX, X, XI

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10
Q

Describe the pathway of CN VII from its nucleus.

A

Facial motor nucleus goes posterior and wraps around the abducens nucleus then heads anterior and lateral to exit and the pontomedullar junction

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11
Q

What is the most common child tumor of brain?

A

medulloblastoma tumor

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12
Q

What are transverse ponsal-cerebellar fibers called?

A

Cerebellar peduncle

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13
Q

What CN nuclei make up the somatic efferent column? 1. Where is this line of CN nuclei in relation to the 4th ventricle? 2

A
  1. III, IV, VI, XII

2. anterior to 4th ventricle

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14
Q

What is the crossing auditory fibers located at the pons called?

A

trapezoid body

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15
Q

What fibers go through the medullary pyramid?

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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16
Q

What are the two names for the fibers in the base of the pons that are traveling from pons to cerebellum?

A
  1. transverse fibers

2. pontine cerebellar fibers

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17
Q

What is the name of the fibers at the base of the pons that travel up and down the brain stem? 1. What types of fibers are these? 2

A
  1. longitudinal fibers

2. corticobulbar or corticospinal

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18
Q

What are the fibers called from the cortex to the base of pons?

A

corticopontine fibers

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19
Q

Where is the problem in the brain when there are issues with sleep walking?

A

Issues with pontine nucleus (cortex telling cerebellum plan)

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20
Q

What is the largest of the cerebellar peduncles?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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21
Q

What CN exits at the same level as the trochlear nerve (VI)?

A

CN V

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22
Q

What is just posterior to the 4th ventricle and gets larger when moving from pons to medulla (or superior cerebellar peduncle to middle cerebellar peduncle)?

A

superior medullar vellum

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23
Q

What does damage to CN VI show clinically in the eye?

A

incomitant esotropia

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24
Q

If a person has a left esotropia then what is the result if the left eye is covered? 1. If the right eye is covered? 2

A
  1. no change

2. left eye moves out

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25
Q

What is the first sign of compression of the right facial colliculus? 1. What is the second sign? 2

A
  1. right face flaccid paralysis

2. right incomitant esotropia

26
Q

What structure form the “rhombencephalon”?

A

pons and medulla

27
Q

What nuclei make up the somatic visceral efferent column?

A
  1. V
  2. VII
  3. Nucleus ambiguous (cell body location for SVE of IX, X, XI)
28
Q

What are the bumps of the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata from medial to lateral?

A
  1. pyramid
  2. olive
  3. lateral funiculus
29
Q

What is the gap between the right and left medullary pyramids called?

A

anterior (or ventral) median fissue

30
Q

What is the gap between the pyramid and the olive of the medulla called?

A

anterior (or ventral) lateral sulcus

31
Q

What is the gap between the olive and the funiculus of the medulla called?

A

posterolateral (or dorso) sulcus

32
Q

Of the pyramid and the olive of the medulla, which of the two runs from only the cranial half of the medulla?

A

olive

33
Q

Which olivary nucleus is the motor nucleus hooked up to the cerebellum?

A

inferior olivary nucleus

34
Q

Which olivary nucleus receives auditory info?

A

superior olivary nucleus

35
Q

What center in the medulla is immediately dorsal to the olive?

A

cardiovascular centers

36
Q

What center in the medulla is immediately dorsal to the cardiovascular center?

A

respiratory rhythmicity center

37
Q

What does a coma with a patient that does not have mydriasis at first but then develops mydriasis indicate?

A

descending coma because in mesencephalon (CN III)

38
Q

Is the 4th ventricle “open” or “closed” at the cranial aspect of the intersection of the pons and medulla? 1. At the caudal aspect? 2

A
  1. open

2. closed

39
Q

What central nerve(s) exit at the dorsolateral sulcus?

A

IX, X, XI

40
Q

What central nerve(s) exit at the anterolateral sulcus?

A

XII

41
Q

Where does the inferior olivary nucleus send sensory fibers into? 1. What are these fibers called? 2

A
  1. contralateral cerebellar peduncle

2. inferior cerebellar peduncles

42
Q

What does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect the cerebellum to? 1. Are these fibers efferent or afferent? 2.

A
  1. mesencephalon (mostly red nucleus) (branchium conjunctivum)
  2. efferent (few afferent)
43
Q

What does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect the cerebellum to? 1. Are these fibers efferent or afferent? 2.

A
  1. pons (brachium pontis)

2. afferent into cerebellum (all)

44
Q

What does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect the cerebellum to? 1. Are these fibers efferent or afferent? 2.

A
  1. medulla

2. afferent (few efferent)

45
Q

What fibers that can be seen in the caudal medulla send unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum?

A

nucleus cuneocerebellar

46
Q

Is the nucleus gracilis responsible for the lower or upper limbs?

A

lower

47
Q

Is the nucleus cuneatus responsible for the lower or upper limbs?

A

upper

48
Q

Where is the location of the synapse of sensory nerves for conscious proprioception?

A

nucleus gracilis

49
Q

What is the cerebellum primarily responsible for?

A

timing and force of muscle activity

50
Q

What are the things of the cerebellum that are in “threes”?

A
  1. three lobes
  2. three peduncles connect brainstem
  3. three layers of cortex
  4. three output nuclei
  5. three clinical cerebellar syndromes
51
Q

What are the three cerebellar lobes from oldest to newest?

A
  1. floculonodular
  2. anterior
  3. posterior
52
Q

Where does the floculonodular lobe get most of its input from? 1. What is another name for this lobe? 2

A
  1. vestibular apparatus

2. archicerebellum

53
Q

Where does the anterior lobe get most of its input from? 1. What is another name for this lobe? 2

A
  1. sensory from limbs via spinal tracts

2. paleo or spino cerebellum

54
Q

Where does the posterior lobe have strong connections with? 1. What is another name for this lobe? 2

A
  1. cerebral cortex

2. neo or cerebrocerebellum

55
Q

What is the vestibular apparatus tied to? 1. What is the result is damaged? 2

A
  1. CN III, IV, VI through MLF

2. nastagmis

56
Q

What is the fissure of the cerebellum that separates the anterior and posterior lobes?

A

primary fissure

57
Q

What is the fissure of the cerebellum that separates the floculonodular and posterior lobes?

A

posterolateral fissure

58
Q

What is the bump in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum called?

A

cerebellar tonsil

59
Q

What part of the body does the vermis of the cerebellum control?

A

trunk

60
Q

What part of the body does the cerebrocerebellum of the cerebellum control?

A

arms and legs

61
Q

What does vermil disease cause? 1. What is the primary cause of vermil disease? 2

A
  1. trunkal ataxia

2. 4th ventricle blastoma

62
Q

What is the disease that is a herniated cerebellum through the foramen magnum and may present as a cerebellar disease or a headache?

A

Arnold-Chiari Malformation (type 1)

I. Neuroanatomy (18 decks)

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