Basal Ganglion (F)

Question 1

What make up the Lentiform?

Answer 1

1. Putamen

2. Globus pallidus

Question 2

What make up the Corpus Striatum?

Answer 2

Caudate, Putamen, and Globus pallidus

Question 3

What makes up the Striatum or neostriatum?

Answer 3

1. Caudate

2. Putamen

Question 4

What are the areas that provide input to the basal ganglion (and where do they project to)?

Answer 4

1. Cerebral cortex (to Striatum)
2. Thalamus (mostly intralaminar) (to striatum)
3. Motor and premotor cortex (to subthalamic nucleus)

Question 5

What are the areas that provide input to the basal ganglion (and where do they project to)?

Answer 5

1. Cerebral cortex (to Striatum)
2. Thalamus (mostly intralaminar) (to striatum)
3. Motor and premotor cortex (to subthalamic nucleus)

Question 6

What is the major output from the basal ganglion? 1. What are the bundles it goes through? 2

Answer 6

1. Pallidum to thalamus (mainly central anterior nucleus)

2. Lantricular fasciculus and Ansa lenticulares

Question 7

Where do pallidothalamic fibers project to from the thalamus?

Answer 7

Premotor cortex

Question 8

Where does a small amount of output from the basal ganglion come from?

Answer 8

substancia nigra to thalamus

Question 9

What is the function of the striatum?

Answer 9

stores movement “programs”

Question 10

What activates the striatum?

Answer 10

association cortex

Question 11

What is the pathway for the basal ganglion to initiate movement?

Answer 11

pallidum -> anterior ventral thalamus -> premotor cortex -> motor cortex

Question 12

What are the manifestations of basal ganglion disease?

Answer 12

1. exerted on striatum by substancia nigra

2. exerted on pallidum by striatum or subthalamic nucleus

Question 13

What are actions the patient does not want to happen but cannot prevent called?

Answer 13

positive signs

Question 14

What are actions the patient wants to occur but cannot do?

Answer 14

negative signs

Question 15

What are the types of hypokinesias?

Answer 15

1. akinesia

2. bradykinesia

Question 16

What is hesitancy in starting a movement called? 1. Is this a positive or negative sign? 2

Answer 16

1. akinesia

2. negative

Question 17

What is slowness of speed of movement execution called? 1. Is this a positive or negative sign? 2

Answer 17

1. bradykinesia

2. negative

Question 18

What is characterized by head and neck flexion and inability to make postural adjustments when falling, tilting or standing called? 1. Is this a positive or negative sign? 2

Answer 18

1. dystonia

2. negative

Question 19

What is the severe form of hypertonicity that can affect flexors and extensors to joint so becomes bidirectional rigid?

Answer 19

Lead Pipe Rigidity

Question 20

What are the types of dyskinesia/hyperkinesias?

Answer 20

1. Tremors
2. Chorea
3. Athetosis
4. Ballimus

Question 21

What are rhythmical/oscillatory movements of distal limb/hand called?

Answer 21

tremors

Question 22

What are rhythmical/oscillatory movements of distal limb/hand called? 1. Are these positive or negative signs? 2

Answer 22

1. tremors

2. postive signs

Question 23

What are rapid, jerky movement in distal limbs and face called? 1. Are these positive or negative signs? 2

Answer 23

1. chorea

2. positive signs

Question 24

What are slow, writhing, snakelike movements of limbs called? 1. Are these positive or negative signs? 2

Answer 24

1. athetosis

2. positive signs

Question 25

What is violent flinging of limbs d/t contraction of proximal and distal muscles called? 1. Are these positive or negative signs? 2

Answer 25

1. ballimus

2. positive signs

Question 26

What is it called when dyskinesia is combined with hypertonicity and have ratchet-like intermittent jerky movements?

Answer 26

Cog-Wheel Rigidity

Question 27

What fibers is the putamen involved with?

Answer 27

anterior ventral thalamus to premotor

Question 28

What fibers is the caudate involved with?

Answer 28

anterior thalamus to prefrontal cortex