Meninges and Dural Sinuses (M2)

Question 1

What are the greek names for the meninges?

Answer 1

1. Pachymenix

2. Leptomeninges

Question 2

What are the latin names for the meninges?

Answer 2

1. dura mater
2. arachnoid
3. pia maters

Question 3

What covers all the foramen so nerves and vessels pierce it with tight seals?

Answer 3

dural mater

Question 4

Where does the middle meningeal artery run in the skull?

Answer 4

epidural space (potential space)

Question 5

What does the middle meningeal artery run just medial to?

Answer 5

pterion

Question 6

What results from damage to the middle meningeal artery?

Answer 6

epidural hematoma

Question 7

What does an epidural hematoma cause? 1. What is the treatment for this? 2

Answer 7

1. uncal herniation and other herniations of brain

2. drill hole to relieve pressure on mydriatic side

Question 8

What is a herniation of brain underneath the falx cerebri?

Answer 8

Subfalcine herniation

Question 9

Where does a central herniation push towards?

Answer 9

shoves down

Question 10

Where does an uncal transtentorial herniation push towards?

Answer 10

move medial and inferior

Question 11

What is a herniation that involves the cerebellum and can be congenital or a hematoma?

Answer 11

Tonsilar herniation

Question 12

What can often be the first sign of an uncal herniation?

Answer 12

dilated pupil from compression of parasympathetic of CN III

Question 13

What are the layers from exterior to interior of the meninges?

Answer 13

1. skull
2. periosteal dura
3. meningeal dura
4. arachnoid layer
5. trabeculae
6. pia mater

Question 14

What are the weak fibers attaching the pia mater and the arachnoid?

Answer 14

trabeculae

Question 15

What are the two dural reflections?

Answer 15

1. flax cerebri

2. tentorium cerebelli

Question 16

What is an injury of the brain at the point of contact called?

Answer 16

coup

Question 17

What is an injury at the secondary point through waves of force from the point of contact compression of skull called?

Answer 17

contre coup

Question 18

What does issues with the tentorial incisure often affect?

Answer 18

CN IV

Question 19

What is the space between the arachnoid and dura? 1. Is it potential or real? 2

Answer 19

1. subdural space

2. potential

Question 20

What is the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater? 1. Is it potential or real? 2

Answer 20

1. subarachnoid space

2. real

Question 21

What does an acceleration/decceleration incident that rips veins off the superior sagittal sinus result in?

Answer 21

subdural hematoma

Question 22

What is the space between the skull and the dura mater? 1. Is it potential or real? 2

Answer 22

1. epidural space

2. potential

Question 23

What is the subarachnoid space filled with?

Answer 23

1. trabeculae

2. CSF

Question 24

What sinus walls the periosteal and meningeal?

Answer 24

superior sagittal sinus

Question 25

What sinus runs just below the falx cerebri? 1. What does this drain into? 2

Answer 25

1. inferior sagittal sinus

2. straight sinus

Question 26

What drains into the superior petrosal sinus? 1. What does the superior petrosal sinus drain into? 2

Answer 26

1. cavernous sinus (from ophthalmic vein)

2. transverse sinus

Question 27

What sinus intersects with the superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus? 1. What is this intersection called? 2

Answer 27

1. right and left transverse sinuses

2. confluence of sinuses

Question 28

What drains into the sigmoid sinus?

Answer 28

inferior petrosal sinus and transverse

Question 29

Where does the cavernous sinus drain into?

Answer 29

superior petrosal sinus and inferior petrosal sinus

Question 30

What does the straight sinus drain into?

Answer 30

transverse sinus

Question 31

What does the sigmoid sinus drain into?

Answer 31

internal jugular vein

Question 32

What is the space between the dura mater and the bone in the spinal cord? 1. Is it real or potential? 2

Answer 32

1. epidural space

2. real

Question 33

How high are epidurals administered?

Answer 33

T6-T7

Question 34

What do epidurals do?

Answer 34

Block pains and discriminative touch from nipples down

Question 35

What do spinals do?

Answer 35

Inject into subarachnoid space. Loss of all touch and motor from nipples down

Question 36

What is the purpose of spinal taps (lumbar punctures)? 1. Where must these take place? 2

Answer 36

1. remove CSF (proteins or if have meningitis)

2. below spinal cord (below L2)

Question 37

What are normal values of lumbar opening pressures?

Answer 37

<20 inHg