Cerebrum -> Diencephalon

Question 1

What are the fluid-filled spaces of the brain?

Answer 1

ventricles

Question 2

Which ventricle is directly medial to the diencephalon?

Answer 2

Third ventricle

Question 3

What structure has the posterior portion of the third ventricle between it?

Answer 3

epithalamus

Question 4

What structure has the medial portion of the third ventricle between it?

Answer 4

Right and left thalamus

Question 5

What structure has the anterior portion of the third ventricle between it?

Answer 5

right and left hypothalamus

Question 6

What wall of the third ventricle does the diencephalon form?

Answer 6

lateral wall

Question 7

What is the connecting piece of the two medial nuclei of the thalamus?

Answer 7

massa intermedia

Question 8

What are the three regions of each the left and right thalamus?

Answer 8

1. anterior nucleus
2. lateral nucleus
3. meidal nucleus

Question 9

What divides the thalamus into three nuclear complexes?

Answer 9

internal lamina

Question 10

What thalamic nuclei has efferents from the hippocampus (and what is the tract it uses)?

Answer 10

anterior nuclei (mamillothalamic tract)

Question 11

What thalamic nuclei provides the afferents to the hippocampus (and what is the tract it uses)?

Answer 11

anterior nuclei (mamillothalamic tract)

Question 12

What thalamic nuclei connects the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 12

medial nuclei

Question 13

What thalamic nuclei has specific nuclei that receive and send connections to discrete cortical areas?

Answer 13

lateral nuclei

Question 14

What are the specific relay nuclei of the lateral nuclei of the thalamus?

Answer 14

1. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
2. Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)
3. Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)
4. Ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)

Question 15

In the anterior nuclei of the thalamus where does input form the hippocampus go after passing through the anterior nuclei?

Answer 15

posterior cingulate cortex

Question 16

What thalamic nuclei is associated with emotional learning?

Answer 16

anterior nuclei

Question 17

What is the white fiber inside the cingulate gyrus?

Answer 17

cingulum

Question 18

Where does the lateral subdivision of the thalamic medial nuclei receive projections from?

Answer 18

1. superior colliculus
2. olfactory cortex
3. ventral pallidum

Question 19

Where does the lateral subdivision of the thalamic medial nuclei have efferent projections to?

Answer 19

1. frontal eye fields

2. anterior cingulate cortex

Question 20

What are the functions of the lateral subdivision of the thalamic medial nuclei?

Answer 20

1. controlling eye movements
2. attending to visual stimuli
3. emotional “tone”

Question 21

Where does the medial subdivision of the thalamic medial nuclei have efferent projections to?

Answer 21

1. insular cortex (limbic area)

2. orbital frontal cortex (limbic area)

Question 22

What are the functions of the medial subdivision of the thalamic medial nuclei?

Answer 22

autonomic regulation and emotions

Question 23

What is the association nuclei in the thalamic lateral nuclei?

Answer 23

pulvinar

Question 24

Where does the pulvinar of the thalamic lateral nuclei receive afferent projections from?

Answer 24

1. superior colliculus

2. association cortex

Question 25

Where does the pulvinar of the thalamic lateral nuclei send efferent projections to?

Answer 25

1. secondary visual areas

2. association areas in the parietotemporal region

Question 26

What is the function of the pulvinar in regard to the projection to secondary visual areas?

Answer 26

Visual perception and eye movements; Attention to stimuli (what to attend to)

Question 27

What part of the brain is tied into melanin synthesis and light/dark cycles as well as circadian rhythms?

Answer 27

Pineal body/gland

Question 28

What brain area is affected if a person has seasonal effective disorder?

Answer 28

Pineal body/gland

Question 29

What is the structure below the pineal body?

Answer 29

Posterior Commissure