Cerebrum -> Cerebral Hemispheres -> Basal Ganglion, Amygdala, and Hippocampus

Question 1

What is the white matter between the claustrum and putamen?

Answer 1

External capsule

Question 2

What is the white matter between the claustrum and insular cortex?

Answer 2

Extreme capsule

Question 3

What is the white matter between the globus pallidus and the thalamus along with the head of caudate nucleus?

Answer 3

Internal capsule

Question 4

From the occipital cortex what is the stream that is involved with “where”?

Answer 4

Dorsal stream

Question 5

From the occipital cortex what is the stream that is involved with “what”?

Answer 5

Ventral stream

Question 6

Where does the brain make at 90 degree turn during development?

Answer 6

mesencyphalon

Question 7

If there are problems with the anterior limb of the internal capsule what is the resulting presentation?

Answer 7

Motor diseases, ataxia, tremors

Question 8

Where do the fibers for each of the following starting location go to in the anterior limb of the internal capsule:

1. thalamus to:
2. lentiform to:
3. cortex to:
4. frontal lobe to:

Answer 8

1. frontal lobe
2. caudate nuclei
3. corpus striatum
4. pontine nuclei

Question 9

The anterior 2/3 of the posterior limb of the internal capsule is mostly fibers from what?

Answer 9

corticospinal tract

Question 10

Where are sensory fibers in the posterior limb of the internal capsule mostly from? 1 And also may be from where? 2

Answer 10

1. thalamus

2. medial lemniscus

Question 11

What are the fibers that pass through the posterior limb of the internal capsule that are from the lower visual centers to the cortex of the occipital lobe?

Answer 11

fibers of Optic radiation

Question 12

Where does the acoustic fibers of the posterior limb of the internal capsule get its info from and where is it taking it to?

Answer 12

From lateral lemniscus to the temporal lobe

Question 13

Where do all motor from somatotopic pass through?

Answer 13

posterior limb of the internal capsule

Question 14

Where is damage to the neuron if there is spastic paralysis? 1. Flaccid paralysis? 2

Answer 14

1. upper motor lesion

2. lower motor lesion

Question 15

What are the structures of the lateral ventricles?

Answer 15

1. anterior horn
2. body
3. trigone
4. posterior horn
5. inferior horn

Question 16

What type of matter is the caudate nucleus?

Answer 16

gray

Question 17

Where is the head of the caudate nucleus in relation to the lateral ventricle? 1. Where is the tail of the caudate nucleus in relation to the lateral ventricle?

Answer 17

1. immediately lateral to anterior horn

2. superior to inferior horn

Question 18

What is the connection between the putamen and caudate?

Answer 18

lentiform nucleus

Question 19

What is the structure at the center of the brain that is a collection of nuclei deep in the cerebral hemisphere and is responsible for stopping unwanted messages and makes motor movements smooth?

Answer 19

Basal ganglion

Question 20

What are the five main nuclei of the basal ganglion?

Answer 20

1. putamen
2. globus pallidus
3. caudate
4. subthalamic nuclei
5. substantia nigra

Question 21

What nuclei of the basal ganglion are darker than the rest?

Answer 21

putamen and caudate

Question 22

What nuclei of the basal ganglion is in the diencephalon?

Answer 22

subthalamic nuclei

Question 23

What nuclei of the basal ganglion is in the mesencephalon?

Answer 23

substantia nigra

Question 24

If there is damage to any of the nuclei of the basal ganglion what motor disfunction will there be?

Answer 24

dyskinesia, with resting tremor

Question 25

What is the grouping of the putamen and the globus pallidus called?

Answer 25

lentiform nucleus

Question 26

What is the grouping of the putamen and the caudate called?

Answer 26

neostriatum

Question 27

What is the grouping of the putamen, globus pallidus, and the caudate called?

Answer 27

corpus striatum

Question 28

What is the structure that separates the two lateral ventricles?

Answer 28

septum pellucidum

Question 29

What is the structure of the brain that is known for memory and plasticity?

Answer 29

hippocampus

Question 30

What structure of the brain forms the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 30

hippocampus

Question 31

What is the bundle of efferent fibers that leaves the hippocampus and run to the mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus?

Answer 31

fornix

Question 32

What area helps to control emotions based on memories and is related to problems with patients with PTSD?

Answer 32

Fornix of hippocampus

Question 33

What connects the hypothalamus to the anterior thalamic nuclei?

Answer 33

mammilothalamic tract

Question 34

What lobes is the fornix a part of?

Answer 34

limbic lobe

Question 35

What type of memory is lost if the fornix is surgically transected?

Answer 35

recall memory (long-term info from past)

Question 36

What ventricle is the fornix the root of?

Answer 36

third ventricle

Question 37

What is the nucleus of gray matter just in front of the hippocampus?

Answer 37

amygdala

Question 38

What are the four main functions of the amygdala?

Answer 38

1. process and interpret sensory data 2. Assign emotional valence, especially negative 3. Modulates cortical-hypothalamic flow or emotion 4. input into autonomoic, endocrine and affective response

Question 39

Under what conditions is amygdala immediately involved when experiencing sensory input?

Answer 39

When there is high cortisol and sympathetic responses