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I. Neuroanatomy > Cerebrum -> Cerebral Hemispheres -> Basal Ganglion, Amygdala, and Hippocampus > Flashcards

Cerebrum -> Cerebral Hemispheres -> Basal Ganglion, Amygdala, and Hippocampus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the white matter between the claustrum and putamen?

A

External capsule

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2
Q

What is the white matter between the claustrum and insular cortex?

A

Extreme capsule

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3
Q

What is the white matter between the globus pallidus and the thalamus along with the head of caudate nucleus?

A

Internal capsule

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4
Q

From the occipital cortex what is the stream that is involved with “where”?

A

Dorsal stream

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5
Q

From the occipital cortex what is the stream that is involved with “what”?

A

Ventral stream

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6
Q

Where does the brain make at 90 degree turn during development?

A

mesencyphalon

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7
Q

If there are problems with the anterior limb of the internal capsule what is the resulting presentation?

A

Motor diseases, ataxia, tremors

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8
Q

Where do the fibers for each of the following starting location go to in the anterior limb of the internal capsule:

  1. thalamus to:
  2. lentiform to:
  3. cortex to:
  4. frontal lobe to:
A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. caudate nuclei
  3. corpus striatum
  4. pontine nuclei
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9
Q

The anterior 2/3 of the posterior limb of the internal capsule is mostly fibers from what?

A

corticospinal tract

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10
Q

Where are sensory fibers in the posterior limb of the internal capsule mostly from? 1 And also may be from where? 2

A
  1. thalamus

2. medial lemniscus

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11
Q

What are the fibers that pass through the posterior limb of the internal capsule that are from the lower visual centers to the cortex of the occipital lobe?

A

fibers of Optic radiation

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12
Q

Where does the acoustic fibers of the posterior limb of the internal capsule get its info from and where is it taking it to?

A

From lateral lemniscus to the temporal lobe

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13
Q

Where do all motor from somatotopic pass through?

A

posterior limb of the internal capsule

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14
Q

Where is damage to the neuron if there is spastic paralysis? 1. Flaccid paralysis? 2

A
  1. upper motor lesion

2. lower motor lesion

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15
Q

What are the structures of the lateral ventricles?

A
  1. anterior horn
  2. body
  3. trigone
  4. posterior horn
  5. inferior horn
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16
Q

What type of matter is the caudate nucleus?

A

gray

17
Q

Where is the head of the caudate nucleus in relation to the lateral ventricle? 1. Where is the tail of the caudate nucleus in relation to the lateral ventricle?

A
  1. immediately lateral to anterior horn

2. superior to inferior horn

18
Q

What is the connection between the putamen and caudate?

A

lentiform nucleus

19
Q

What is the structure at the center of the brain that is a collection of nuclei deep in the cerebral hemisphere and is responsible for stopping unwanted messages and makes motor movements smooth?

A

Basal ganglion

20
Q

What are the five main nuclei of the basal ganglion?

A
  1. putamen
  2. globus pallidus
  3. caudate
  4. subthalamic nuclei
  5. substantia nigra
21
Q

What nuclei of the basal ganglion are darker than the rest?

A

putamen and caudate

22
Q

What nuclei of the basal ganglion is in the diencephalon?

A

subthalamic nuclei

23
Q

What nuclei of the basal ganglion is in the mesencephalon?

A

substantia nigra

24
Q

If there is damage to any of the nuclei of the basal ganglion what motor disfunction will there be?

A

dyskinesia, with resting tremor

25
Q

What is the grouping of the putamen and the globus pallidus called?

A

lentiform nucleus

26
Q

What is the grouping of the putamen and the caudate called?

A

neostriatum

27
Q

What is the grouping of the putamen, globus pallidus, and the caudate called?

A

corpus striatum

28
Q

What is the structure that separates the two lateral ventricles?

A

septum pellucidum

29
Q

What is the structure of the brain that is known for memory and plasticity?

A

hippocampus

30
Q

What structure of the brain forms the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

A

hippocampus

31
Q

What is the bundle of efferent fibers that leaves the hippocampus and run to the mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

fornix

32
Q

What area helps to control emotions based on memories and is related to problems with patients with PTSD?

A

Fornix of hippocampus

33
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the anterior thalamic nuclei?

A

mammilothalamic tract

34
Q

What lobes is the fornix a part of?

A

limbic lobe

35
Q

What type of memory is lost if the fornix is surgically transected?

A

recall memory (long-term info from past)

36
Q

What ventricle is the fornix the root of?

A

third ventricle

37
Q

What is the nucleus of gray matter just in front of the hippocampus?

A

amygdala

38
Q

What are the four main functions of the amygdala?

A
  1. process and interpret sensory data
  2. Assign emotional valence, especially negative
  3. Modulates cortical-hypothalamic flow or emotion
  4. input into autonomoic, endocrine and affective response
39
Q

Under what conditions is amygdala immediately involved when experiencing sensory input?

A

When there is high cortisol and sympathetic responses

I. Neuroanatomy (18 decks)

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