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I. Neuroanatomy > Ear and Pupils (F) > Flashcards

Ear and Pupils (F) Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the outer ear is lined by cartilage? 1. How much is lined by bone? 2

A
  1. outer 2/3

2. inner 1/3

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2
Q

What is inflammation in the middle ear called?

A

otitis media

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3
Q

What is the tissue type of the tympanic membrane on the lateral side?

A

stratified keratinized

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4
Q

What shape is the tympanic membrane supposed to be? 1. How is this tested? 2

A
  1. concave away from you

2. cone of light

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5
Q

What is the #1 cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in children?

A

chronic otitis media

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6
Q

What is it called when the tympanic membrane is filled with fluid?

A

otitis serosa

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7
Q

What are things that are along the posterior wall of the middle ear?

A
  1. chorda tympani along the top of the tympanic membrane
  2. pyramid = origin of stapedeous
  3. mastoid process
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8
Q

What are things that are along the anterior wall of the middle ear?

A
  1. tensor tympanii = attaches to bump on maleus

2. pharyngo-tympanic tube (eustacian tube): opens to lateral wall of nasal pharynx

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9
Q

What are things that are along the anterior wall of the middle ear?

A
  1. tensor tympanii = attaches to bump on maleus

2. pharyngo-tympanic tube (eustacian tube): opens to lateral wall of nasal pharynx

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10
Q

If there is damage to the oval window or round window what type of hearing loss?

A

mechanical hearing loss

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11
Q

If there is damage to the hair cells or cochlear nerve what is the type of hearing loss?

A

neurological hearing loss

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12
Q

If there is right neurological hearing damage, in which ear does the tuning fork sound louder?

A

left ear

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13
Q

If there is right mechanical hearing damage, in which ear does the tuning fork sound louder?

A

right ear

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14
Q

What is the posterior semicircular canal parallel to?

A

posterior petrous portion

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15
Q

What direction are the utricle hair cells aligned? 1. The saccule hairs cells? 2

A
  1. vertical

2. horizontal

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16
Q

Where do the temporal macular fibers go when passing through the chiasm?

A

ipsilaterally with peripheral temporal fibers

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17
Q

Where do the nasal macular fibers go when passing through the chiasm?

A

contralaterally with peripheral nasal fibers

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18
Q

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection of the left optic nerve?

A

complete left eye field loss

19
Q

If the temporal fibers of the retina are cut in both eyes what is the visual field loss?

A

Bilnasal hemianopsia

20
Q

If the nasal fibers of the retina are cut in both eyes what is the visual field loss? 1. What is this usually associated with? 2

A
  1. Bitemporal hemianopsia

2. pituitary tumor

21
Q

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection of the left optic tract? 1. What is this usually associated with? 2

A
  1. right homonymous hemianopsia

2. posterior cerebral artery stroke

22
Q

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left Meyer’s Loop?

A

Right superior quadrant anopsia

23
Q

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection of the left optic tract?

A

right homonymous hemianopsia

24
Q

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left Meyer’s Loop? 1. What would also produce the same result? 2

A
  1. Right superior quadrant anopsia

2. Damage to left lingual gyrus

25
Q

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left path to the cuneus gyrus or at the cuneus gyrus?

A

right inferior quadrant anopsia

26
Q

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left path to the occipital lobe or the occipital lobe itself? 1. What is this usually associated with? 2

A
  1. Right homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing

2. posterior cerebral artery stroke

27
Q

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left path to the occipital lobe or the occipital lobe itself? 1. What is this usually associated with? 2

A
  1. Right homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing

2. posterior cerebral artery stroke

28
Q

Does afferent or efferent damage result in anisocoria?

A

efferent

29
Q

If anisocoria is present in a patient and it is parasympathetic damage what are the two things that may be responsible?

A
  1. Adies

2. III compression

30
Q

If anisocoria is present in a patient and it is sympathetic damage what are the two things that may be responsible?

A
  1. preganglionic Horners

2. postganglionic Horners

31
Q

What is the diagnosis of a patient with anisocoria that is equal at all light levels, has normal pupil response, and does not have ptosis?

A

Benign Essential Anisocoria

32
Q

For parasympathetic damage causing anisocoria, what is the light source that makes the anisocoria worse? 1. Is the direct response to light affected? 2

A
  1. bright light

2. yes

33
Q

For parasympathetic damage causing anisocoria, what is the light source that makes the anisocoria worse? 1. Is the direct response to light affected? 2

A
  1. bright light

2. yes

34
Q

For sympathetic damage causing anisocoria, what is the light source that makes the anisocoria worse? 1. Is the direct response to light affected? 2

A
  1. dim light

2. no

35
Q

What are the three major forms of pupil testing?

A
  1. direct
  2. consensual
  3. near
36
Q

If the optic tract is cut before the Brachium of the Superior Colliculus what is their response to light? 1. Cut after Brachium of Superior Colliculus? 2

A
  1. no response

2. normal response

37
Q

Where do the pretectal nuclei project to?

A

Each one projects to both Edinger Westphal

38
Q

Which pretectal nuclei does light in the right eye go to?

A

both nuclei

39
Q

Which pretectal nuclei does light in the right eye go to?

A

both nuclei

40
Q

In an Afferent Pupillary Defect is the direct or the consensual pupil size greater?

A

consensual

41
Q

If a patient has an afferent pupillary defect and the right direct pupil size is less than the right consensual pupil size then what is the diagnosis?

A

right APD or +Margus Gunn OD

42
Q

If there is an altered light response from the pupil and the near response is not intact, where is the problem?

A

Edinger-Westphall Nucleus

43
Q

If there is an altered light response from the pupil and the near response is not intact, where is the problem?

A

Edinger-Westphall Nucleus

44
Q

If there is an altered light response from the pupil and the near response is still intact, where is the problem?

A

lesion in pretectal to EW (dorsal midbrain lesion)

I. Neuroanatomy (18 decks)

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