Ear and Pupils (F)

Question 1

How much of the outer ear is lined by cartilage? 1. How much is lined by bone? 2

Answer 1

1. outer 2/3

2. inner 1/3

Question 2

What is inflammation in the middle ear called?

Answer 2

otitis media

Question 3

What is the tissue type of the tympanic membrane on the lateral side?

Answer 3

stratified keratinized

Question 4

What shape is the tympanic membrane supposed to be? 1. How is this tested? 2

Answer 4

1. concave away from you

2. cone of light

Question 5

What is the #1 cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in children?

Answer 5

chronic otitis media

Question 6

What is it called when the tympanic membrane is filled with fluid?

Answer 6

otitis serosa

Question 7

What are things that are along the posterior wall of the middle ear?

Answer 7

1. chorda tympani along the top of the tympanic membrane
2. pyramid = origin of stapedeous
3. mastoid process

Question 8

What are things that are along the anterior wall of the middle ear?

Answer 8

1. tensor tympanii = attaches to bump on maleus

2. pharyngo-tympanic tube (eustacian tube): opens to lateral wall of nasal pharynx

Question 9

What are things that are along the anterior wall of the middle ear?

Answer 9

1. tensor tympanii = attaches to bump on maleus

2. pharyngo-tympanic tube (eustacian tube): opens to lateral wall of nasal pharynx

Question 10

If there is damage to the oval window or round window what type of hearing loss?

Answer 10

mechanical hearing loss

Question 11

If there is damage to the hair cells or cochlear nerve what is the type of hearing loss?

Answer 11

neurological hearing loss

Question 12

If there is right neurological hearing damage, in which ear does the tuning fork sound louder?

Answer 12

left ear

Question 13

If there is right mechanical hearing damage, in which ear does the tuning fork sound louder?

Answer 13

right ear

Question 14

What is the posterior semicircular canal parallel to?

Answer 14

posterior petrous portion

Question 15

What direction are the utricle hair cells aligned? 1. The saccule hairs cells? 2

Answer 15

1. vertical

2. horizontal

Question 16

Where do the temporal macular fibers go when passing through the chiasm?

Answer 16

ipsilaterally with peripheral temporal fibers

Question 17

Where do the nasal macular fibers go when passing through the chiasm?

Answer 17

contralaterally with peripheral nasal fibers

Question 18

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection of the left optic nerve?

Answer 18

complete left eye field loss

Question 19

If the temporal fibers of the retina are cut in both eyes what is the visual field loss?

Answer 19

Bilnasal hemianopsia

Question 20

If the nasal fibers of the retina are cut in both eyes what is the visual field loss? 1. What is this usually associated with? 2

Answer 20

1. Bitemporal hemianopsia

2. pituitary tumor

Question 21

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection of the left optic tract? 1. What is this usually associated with? 2

Answer 21

1. right homonymous hemianopsia

2. posterior cerebral artery stroke

Question 22

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left Meyer’s Loop?

Answer 22

Right superior quadrant anopsia

Question 23

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection of the left optic tract?

Answer 23

right homonymous hemianopsia

Question 24

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left Meyer’s Loop? 1. What would also produce the same result? 2

Answer 24

1. Right superior quadrant anopsia

2. Damage to left lingual gyrus

Question 25

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left path to the cuneus gyrus or at the cuneus gyrus?

Answer 25

right inferior quadrant anopsia

Question 26

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left path to the occipital lobe or the occipital lobe itself? 1. What is this usually associated with? 2

Answer 26

1. Right homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing | 2. posterior cerebral artery stroke

Question 27

What is the visual field loss for a patient with a resection at the left path to the occipital lobe or the occipital lobe itself? 1. What is this usually associated with? 2

Answer 27

1. Right homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing | 2. posterior cerebral artery stroke

Question 28

Does afferent or efferent damage result in anisocoria?

Answer 28

efferent

Question 29

If anisocoria is present in a patient and it is parasympathetic damage what are the two things that may be responsible?

Answer 29

1. Adies | 2. III compression

Question 30

If anisocoria is present in a patient and it is sympathetic damage what are the two things that may be responsible?

Answer 30

1. preganglionic Horners | 2. postganglionic Horners

Question 31

What is the diagnosis of a patient with anisocoria that is equal at all light levels, has normal pupil response, and does not have ptosis?

Answer 31

Benign Essential Anisocoria

Question 32

For parasympathetic damage causing anisocoria, what is the light source that makes the anisocoria worse? 1. Is the direct response to light affected? 2

Answer 32

1. bright light | 2. yes

Question 33

For parasympathetic damage causing anisocoria, what is the light source that makes the anisocoria worse? 1. Is the direct response to light affected? 2

Answer 33

1. bright light | 2. yes

Question 34

For sympathetic damage causing anisocoria, what is the light source that makes the anisocoria worse? 1. Is the direct response to light affected? 2

Answer 34

1. dim light | 2. no

Question 35

What are the three major forms of pupil testing?

Answer 35

1. direct 2. consensual 3. near

Question 36

If the optic tract is cut before the Brachium of the Superior Colliculus what is their response to light? 1. Cut after Brachium of Superior Colliculus? 2

Answer 36

1. no response | 2. normal response

Question 37

Where do the pretectal nuclei project to?

Answer 37

Each one projects to both Edinger Westphal

Question 38

Which pretectal nuclei does light in the right eye go to?

Answer 38

both nuclei

Question 39

Which pretectal nuclei does light in the right eye go to?

Answer 39

both nuclei

Question 40

In an Afferent Pupillary Defect is the direct or the consensual pupil size greater?

Answer 40

consensual

Question 41

If a patient has an afferent pupillary defect and the right direct pupil size is less than the right consensual pupil size then what is the diagnosis?

Answer 41

right APD or +Margus Gunn OD

Question 42

If there is an altered light response from the pupil and the near response is not intact, where is the problem?

Answer 42

Edinger-Westphall Nucleus

Question 43

If there is an altered light response from the pupil and the near response is not intact, where is the problem?

Answer 43

Edinger-Westphall Nucleus

Question 44

If there is an altered light response from the pupil and the near response is still intact, where is the problem?

Answer 44

lesion in pretectal to EW (dorsal midbrain lesion)