Political developments in Ireland - Rising and War 1919-21

Question 1

What was the act of union?

Answer 1

The act of union meant that Ireland was part of the UK

Question 2

Who was the leader of the Home Rule Party?

Answer 2

John Redmond

Question 3

Why didn’t Unionists want home rule?

Answer 3

• thought catholic majority would discriminate against them in government.
• thought Dublin parliament would be bad for trading/business

Question 4

Who were the leaders of the unionist party?

Answer 4

James Craig and Edward Carson

Question 5

What trade union did Jim Larkin set up?

Answer 5

ITGWU

Question 6

What is Anglicisation?

Answer 6

Spreading of English culture

Question 7

Who set up the GAA?

Answer 7

Michael Cusack

Question 8

Who set up the Gaelic League?

Answer 8

Eoin MacNeill and Douglas Hyde

Question 9

Explain socialism

Answer 9

A social system that promotes equality among citizens through sharing land and industries

Question 10

Explain home rule

Answer 10

Idea that Ireland would have their own parliament to govern the countries internal affairs

Question 11

What was the IRB

Answer 11

Were extreme nationalists who wanted a republic and to gain independence by violent means

Question 12

Explain cultural nationalism

Answer 12

Stressed the difference between Ireland and Britain and felt we should have our own parliament because of different culture

Question 13

What happened after Jim Larkin called workers out in strike

Answer 13

Employers started the lockout which lasted five months and eventually workers were forced to go back to work

Question 14

In what ways did anglicisation take place

Answer 14

More people speaking English

Playing English games

Question 15

What were the aims of the GAA

Answer 15

increase amount of people playing hurling/Gaelic, make rules for these games
Organise competitions

Question 16

How did the Gaelic league promote Irish

Answer 16

Irish newspaper
Training timiri who taught Irish
Encouraging Irish dance and music

Question 17

Explain veto

Answer 17

The right of the House of Lords to reject bills passed by the House of Commons

Question 18

Name the two parties in Westminster

Answer 18

The liberal party

Conservatives( against home rule and dominated House of Lords)

Question 19

Explain the parliament act and how the home rule bill was passed

Answer 19

The parliament act ended the veto of the House of Lords and meant they could reject a bill twice but must pass it on a third time. The home rule bill would become law despite opposition in the House of Lords

Question 20

What was the solemn league and convenant

Answer 20

This was signed by the unionist leaders to say they would prevent home rule by any means necessary

Question 21

Who was and what did roger casement do

Answer 21

He went to Germany to source support and guns for Irish rebellion
The ship called the Aud was captured by British army during transport

Question 22

Who were the national and Irish volunteers and their leaders

Answer 22

National volunteers led by Redmond (fought for British in WW1)
Irish volunteers led by MacNeill( Stayed behind in Ireland to ensure home rule)

Question 23

Why did MacNeill call off fighting

Answer 23

Discovered the castle document which stated that the government were going to arrest the leaders of the Irish volunteers was forged.
Discovered Aud had been captured

Question 24

Name the seven leaders and members of the military council

Answer 24

Thomas J. Clarke
P. H Pearse
Eamonn Ceannt 
Séan McDermott 
Thomas MacDonagh
James Connolly
Joseph Plunkett

Question 25

Explain briefly the rising and the main events

Answer 25

1. On Easter Monday rebels seized key buildings in Dublin 2. The General Post Office (GPO) became their headquarters. 3. On the steps of the GPO, Patrick Pearse read aloud the proclamation to puzzled onlookers 4. The British army was taken by surprise, but it soon reacted to the rebellion. Within a few days, extra troops had arrived in Ireland. 5. Fighting broke out on the streets of Dublin. 6. GPO had to be evacuated because of fire 7. Eventually Pearse ordered a surrender and the rebellion ended Defeat The British used heavy guns (artillery) against the Irish all over Dublin. Within a week, the leaders of the rising realized they would not be able to beat the army. They surrendered and were arrested by the British. The trials of the leaders of the Easter Rising were held in secret. Pearse and 14 other leaders were sentenced to death. More than 500 people had died in the rising, including many ordinary citizens.

Question 26

Why did the rising fail

Answer 26

No countrywide rebellion, British only needed in Dublin The rebels were easy to surround in key buildings Rebels were heavily outnumbered by better trained and armed soldiers

Question 27

Explain internment

Answer 27

Imprisonment without trial

Question 28

Why did public opinion change after the rising

Answer 28

The executions( especially Connolly) seemed cruel and harsh, people sympathised with rebels. They had become republicans while in internment camps and were then released

Question 29

Who set up sinn féin

Answer 29

Arthur Griffith

Question 30

Why did support for sinn Féin increase

Answer 30

Called a Sinn Féin rebellion so all in favour of rising supported sinn féin Plans of conscription which was opposed by the party British arrested the Sinn Féin leaders like De Valera and Grffith Sinn Féin won four by-elections Were seen as young and dynamic

Question 31

Explain conscription

Answer 31

Being forced to join an army

Question 32

Who were the Squad

Answer 32

Michael Collins set up a group of assassins called the squad who murdered anyone who was a British spy

Question 33

Explain guerrilla warfare

Answer 33

A type of fighting that consists of surprise attacks and ambushes

Question 34

What does RIC stand for

Answer 34

Royal Irish Constabulary

Question 35

When and why did the war of independence start

Answer 35

Same day the first dáil met January 1921 Two cons tables from RIC were killed by the volunteers IRA IRA attacked RIC barracks in the countryside

Question 36

Explain what the dáil was at the time of the war of independence

Answer 36

Parliament set up in Dublin by Sinn Féin leaders who refused to take their seats in Westminster

Question 37

Who were the black and tans

Answer 37

Former British soldiers who were sent to Ireland to help the RIC

Question 38

What happened when Éamon de Valera went to america 1919

Answer 38

He tried to gain help from america to recognise republic | Failed but he got 4 million dollars to support irish to fight for independence

Question 39

How did the black and tans get revenge on the IRA attacks

Answer 39

They terrorised the locals | Burned houses, shot prisoners

Question 40

Explain bloody Sunday

Answer 40

As revenge for a squad attack the British looked for the squad killers in crowd of football game They opened fire and killed fourteen people in the stadium

Question 41

Explain the truce arranged in 1921 war of independence

Answer 41

Britain were embarrassed by their behaviour IRA was short of men and arms Truce was agreed 11 july