Political developments in Ireland - Rising and War 1919-21 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the act of union?

A

The act of union meant that Ireland was part of the UK

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2
Q

Who was the leader of the Home Rule Party?

A

John Redmond

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3
Q

Why didn’t Unionists want home rule?

A
  • thought catholic majority would discriminate against them in government.
  • thought Dublin parliament would be bad for trading/business
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4
Q

Who were the leaders of the unionist party?

A

James Craig and Edward Carson

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5
Q

What trade union did Jim Larkin set up?

A

ITGWU

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6
Q

What is Anglicisation?

A

Spreading of English culture

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7
Q

Who set up the GAA?

A

Michael Cusack

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8
Q

Who set up the Gaelic League?

A

Eoin MacNeill and Douglas Hyde

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9
Q

Explain socialism

A

A social system that promotes equality among citizens through sharing land and industries

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10
Q

Explain home rule

A

Idea that Ireland would have their own parliament to govern the countries internal affairs

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11
Q

What was the IRB

A

Were extreme nationalists who wanted a republic and to gain independence by violent means

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12
Q

Explain cultural nationalism

A

Stressed the difference between Ireland and Britain and felt we should have our own parliament because of different culture

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13
Q

What happened after Jim Larkin called workers out in strike

A

Employers started the lockout which lasted five months and eventually workers were forced to go back to work

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14
Q

In what ways did anglicisation take place

A

More people speaking English

Playing English games

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15
Q

What were the aims of the GAA

A

increase amount of people playing hurling/Gaelic, make rules for these games
Organise competitions

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16
Q

How did the Gaelic league promote Irish

A

Irish newspaper
Training timiri who taught Irish
Encouraging Irish dance and music

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17
Q

Explain veto

A

The right of the House of Lords to reject bills passed by the House of Commons

18
Q

Name the two parties in Westminster

A

The liberal party

Conservatives( against home rule and dominated House of Lords)

19
Q

Explain the parliament act and how the home rule bill was passed

A

The parliament act ended the veto of the House of Lords and meant they could reject a bill twice but must pass it on a third time. The home rule bill would become law despite opposition in the House of Lords

20
Q

What was the solemn league and convenant

A

This was signed by the unionist leaders to say they would prevent home rule by any means necessary

21
Q

Who was and what did roger casement do

A

He went to Germany to source support and guns for Irish rebellion
The ship called the Aud was captured by British army during transport

22
Q

Who were the national and Irish volunteers and their leaders

A

National volunteers led by Redmond (fought for British in WW1)
Irish volunteers led by MacNeill( Stayed behind in Ireland to ensure home rule)

23
Q

Why did MacNeill call off fighting

A

Discovered the castle document which stated that the government were going to arrest the leaders of the Irish volunteers was forged.
Discovered Aud had been captured

24
Q

Name the seven leaders and members of the military council

A
Thomas J. Clarke
P. H Pearse
Eamonn Ceannt 
Séan McDermott 
Thomas MacDonagh
James Connolly
Joseph Plunkett
25
Explain briefly the rising and the main events
1. On Easter Monday rebels seized key buildings in Dublin 2. The General Post Office (GPO) became their headquarters. 3. On the steps of the GPO, Patrick Pearse read aloud the proclamation to puzzled onlookers 4. The British army was taken by surprise, but it soon reacted to the rebellion. Within a few days, extra troops had arrived in Ireland. 5. Fighting broke out on the streets of Dublin. 6. GPO had to be evacuated because of fire 7. Eventually Pearse ordered a surrender and the rebellion ended Defeat The British used heavy guns (artillery) against the Irish all over Dublin. Within a week, the leaders of the rising realized they would not be able to beat the army. They surrendered and were arrested by the British. The trials of the leaders of the Easter Rising were held in secret. Pearse and 14 other leaders were sentenced to death. More than 500 people had died in the rising, including many ordinary citizens.
26
Why did the rising fail
No countrywide rebellion, British only needed in Dublin The rebels were easy to surround in key buildings Rebels were heavily outnumbered by better trained and armed soldiers
27
Explain internment
Imprisonment without trial
28
Why did public opinion change after the rising
The executions( especially Connolly) seemed cruel and harsh, people sympathised with rebels. They had become republicans while in internment camps and were then released
29
Who set up sinn féin
Arthur Griffith
30
Why did support for sinn Féin increase
Called a Sinn Féin rebellion so all in favour of rising supported sinn féin Plans of conscription which was opposed by the party British arrested the Sinn Féin leaders like De Valera and Grffith Sinn Féin won four by-elections Were seen as young and dynamic
31
Explain conscription
Being forced to join an army
32
Who were the Squad
Michael Collins set up a group of assassins called the squad who murdered anyone who was a British spy
33
Explain guerrilla warfare
A type of fighting that consists of surprise attacks and ambushes
34
What does RIC stand for
Royal Irish Constabulary
35
When and why did the war of independence start
Same day the first dáil met January 1921 Two cons tables from RIC were killed by the volunteers IRA IRA attacked RIC barracks in the countryside
36
Explain what the dáil was at the time of the war of independence
Parliament set up in Dublin by Sinn Féin leaders who refused to take their seats in Westminster
37
Who were the black and tans
Former British soldiers who were sent to Ireland to help the RIC
38
What happened when Éamon de Valera went to america 1919
He tried to gain help from america to recognise republic | Failed but he got 4 million dollars to support irish to fight for independence
39
How did the black and tans get revenge on the IRA attacks
They terrorised the locals | Burned houses, shot prisoners
40
Explain bloody Sunday
As revenge for a squad attack the British looked for the squad killers in crowd of football game They opened fire and killed fourteen people in the stadium
41
Explain the truce arranged in 1921 war of independence
Britain were embarrassed by their behaviour IRA was short of men and arms Truce was agreed 11 july