International Relations In The Twentieth Century- Europe after WW1, Mussolini

Question 1

Explain tsar

Answer 1

Emperor of russia

Question 2

Explain communism

Answer 2

A political movement aiming to create an equal society where all property is owned by workers and peasants

Question 3

Explain soviets

Answer 3

Councils that controlled Russian cities in 1917

Question 4

How did Lenin become leader of Russia in 1917?

Answer 4

He believed in communism and led a successful rebellion in 1917 becoming leader of Russia now called the USSR.

Question 5

Explain the league of nations

Answer 5

An international organisation set up to maintain world peace

Question 6

What were the aims of the USA, France and Britain at the Paris Peace Conference

Answer 6

President wilson wanted Germany to be fairly treated to preserve world peace

David Lloyd George wanted to impose harsh terms of Germany

President Clemenceau wanted revenge on Germany to keep it weak.

Question 7

What did Italy want at the Paris Peace Conference

Answer 7

Wanted land they were promised for joining WW1 in 1915

Question 8

What were the terms of the treaty of Versailles

Answer 8

Rhineland was demilitarised 
Union with Austria was forbidden 
German army reduced to 100000 soldiers
War guilt clause was placed on germany
£6.6 billion reparations had to be paid to Allies by Germany
Germany lost land

Question 9

Why did the league of nations fail

Answer 9

The USA rejected the treaty and therefore the USA did not join

Question 10

Explain dictator

Answer 10

A person who controls a country and makes all major decisions

Question 11

Explain fascism

Answer 11

A political system where a strong ruler has complete control over a country and there are no elections

Question 12

Why was fascism supported in Italy and Geramny after WW1

Answer 12

People were unhappy about the treaty of Versailles
People wanted more power for their countries
Economic troubles- wall street crash
Belief that democracy failed to deal with troubles
Fear of communism

Question 13

What party did Mussolini found

Answer 13

Fasci Italiani di Combattimento or National Fascist Party

Question 14

Why did he rise to power in Italy (three reasons)

Answer 14

He critised the treaty
He promised to end political/economic chaoss
He opposed communism

Question 15

Explain who the blackshirts were

Answer 15

Mussollini ‘s uniformed followers the squadristi that opposed to communism

Question 16

When was Mussolini’s party elected to government

Answer 16

1921

Question 17

What was the march on Rome

Answer 17

Fascists planned to seize power in Rome unless given a position in parliament, Victor Emmanuel III did not send troops to intervene but made Mussolini prime minister

Question 18

Explain Acerbo law

Answer 18

Stated the party with the most votes would receive two thirds of the seats in parliament

Question 19

Briefly how did Mussolini become prime minister

Answer 19

Passed Acerbo law 1923
Socialists withdrew from parliament after the murder of their leader
All political parties except fascists were banned
Secret police was set up
He controlled the press and radio

Question 20

What does “Il duce” mean

Answer 20

The leader

Question 21

How did Mussolini teach the young to be loyal to him

Answer 21

He set up youth movements in school such as the boys youth movement the balilla

Question 22

Name three achievements of Mussolini’s in Italy

Answer 22

Drained Pontine Marshes
Founded new towns
Build autostrade motorways
An agreement with the Catholic Church was reached

Question 23

What were the Lateran Pacts

Answer 23

An agreement between the Catholic church under which Catholicism became the official religion of Italy and the Vatican became an independent under the pope

Question 24

Explain the Rome Berlin Axis

Answer 24

Treaty of friendship between Italy and Germany which in Mussolini also agreed to Hitlers takeover of Austria

Question 25

Briefly explain Mussolini’s invasion of Abyssinia

Answer 25

1935 Italy invaded Abyssinia, a member of the League of Nations. The league of Nations called Abyssinia no to trade with Italy so Mussolini turned to Hitler as an Ally

Question 26

Explain the Pact of Steel

Answer 26

Signed by Hitler and Mussolini under which they pledged to help each other in war

Question 27

Explain Italy’s role in WW2

Answer 27

Joined war in 1940 with a weak army
Hitler had to send Rommel to North Africa to aid Italian troops and in 1943 they lost.
Allied troops invaded Italy
1945- mussolini was captured and executed