Consequences Of The Age Of Exploration Flashcards
Explain conquistadors and name two examples
Conquistadors are people who go to another country and explore another country and found a settlement there. Example;
Hernando Cortez
Francisco Pizarro
Summarise the consequences of the age of exploration
Goods were exchanged between Europe and the New World
Changes in European view of the world
Impact on the natives
Increase in the slave trade
Conflicts between European powers
Creation of empires in undiscovered lands.
Describe the journey of Cortez and how he conquered Mexico
1519- Cortes sets out for Cuba with 600 men on board ships
He wanted to explore Mexico and the natives teach him about Aztec empire
Travels to the native capital of Tenochtitlan
Ruler Montezuma was taken hostage by Cortes.
The Spanish were cruel and killed many of the Aztec natives and as a result the Aztecs rose up and started a war.
Cortes was forced to flee
However 1 year later he returned with many men and the help of natives from other tribes. He captured the city, destroyed it and built a new city, Mexcio City. Gold and riches were sent back to Spain
Explain what happened with Pizarro and the Incan empire and how he conquered the land
In 1531 he set sail with 180 men to conquer the Incan empire
He met with the ruler Atahualpa. They were definitely outnumbered by Incan troops but Pizarro launched a surprise attack and captured Atahualpa.
Atahualpa offered to have a room filled with gold and silver if he was released. Pizarro agreed, the treasures were brought by the Incas but Pizarro had Atahualpa killed anyway in case he led a rebellion.
Pizarro captured the capital and founded the city of Lima which became the capital of the new Spanish colony, Peru.
How did Spain run their lands in the new world
They set up the Council of the Indies to run their colony’s in the new world. The Spanish land in the new world became known as the ‘Spanish main’.
The wealth from the new world made Spain Europes most powerful country
Name other European powers that gained from explorations and conquest of the new world and the east
The French controlled Canada
The British settled on the east coast of North America
The Dutch won the spice islands for the Portuguese
Give some goods brought to the new world from Europe
Many crops like, wheat, sugar cane and coffee grew very well in America and these were brought from Europe and grown on large farms known as plantations, these lands were taken from natives
Animals like cows, pigs, sheep were brought to the new world.
Give some goods brought to Europe from the new world
Cocoa, turkey, pineapples, vanilla, potatoe, we’re all new to Europe from the new world. Spices and crops grown in the new world changed the diet of Europeans greatly.
Sugar was added to tea in Europe,
Smoking tobacco became popular,
The potato became a popular food in Ireland
How were maps improved due to age of exploration
Knowledge was improved of coastlines and countries so maps became more accurate because of voyages Some discoveries that changed human view on world was: America Knowledge of the coast of Africa, The Pacific separated America from Asia World was round, New sea route to the east, World was huge
Describe the impact of the natives because of the age of exploration and one major setback for them
The natives lost their land and had to work for Europeans. Diseases were brought from Europe that the natives had never come across before and therefore their bodies could not cope with this new disease. They had no immunity to them like Europeans so things like flu could kill them. Small pox was deadly to the natives and about 90% of the population were wiped out because of it.
Explain about the growth of the slave trade during the age of exploration
There was now a need for workers to take care of gold and silver in Portugal and work on the plantations in America. At first Europeans used native Americans as slaves but their numbers quickly decreased because of disease so then African slaves were shipped to Europe and America. Many of the slaves died on the ships as the conditions were terrible. The slave trade ended in America in 1820s but was abolished in the 1860s
Give some of the conflicts between European powers
Spain and Portugal had disagreements over the Treaty of Tordesillas over who owned what.
England and France wanted some of the new world for themselves and didn’t recognise the treaty of tordesillas.
The English attacked Spanish colonies in America and ships carrying gold to Spain were particular targets
Dutch conquered Portuguese spice islands
Dutch and English fought a lot in wars and France and England became rivals over land in the new world.
Explain plantations
Large farms which crops were grown on by slaves or workers.
