polar, water, solutions - 3 Flashcards
if a molecule is polar
there is a slight charge to the molecule
nonpolar molecules
no charge
charge of an oxygen atom
partially negative
charge of a hydrogen atom
partially positive
when atoms have the same charges, what happens?
they repel
hydrogen is attracted to oxygen because
they have opposite charges
what kind of bonds form between two adjacent water molecules that gives water it’s stickiness property?
hydrogen bonds
polar molecule
A molecule that has an uneven charge distribution
hydrogen bonds
A negatively charged water can attach to a positively charged hydrogen, which causes hydrogen bonds.
ion
A neutral atom that both loses and gains electrons.
hydrophilic
Things that can dissolve in water. They can go into the solution.
hydrophobic
Things that can’t dissolve in water. They always move away from it and separate. Like oil and water.
solution
All components are evenly distributed. Has a solute and a solvent.
solute
Substance that’s dissolving
solvent
The thing the substance is being dissolved in
polarity of the water molecule
Water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen. Since oxygen has 8 protons, whereas hydrogen only has 1, the pull the protons on the oxygen side are greater than the ones on the hydrogen side. This means that more electrons will be on one side than the other. Therefore, oxygen side has a negative charge, while hydrogen side has a positive charge. This polarity leads to water being able to form many hydrogen bonds. Negatively charged side of water molecule will attract to the positively charged side of another, creating a hydrogen bond. This gives water the property of cohesion, which is the property of molecules sticking together.
adhesion
Attraction between molecules of a different substance
ex. water molecules stick to surface of other substances
cohesion
when molecules (of the same substance) stick to each other
universal solvent
A solvent that can dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules. The things being dissolved are the solutes. The thing that’s dissolving them is the solvent. Those two work together to form a solution.
What type of bonds are found between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms that form the water molecule? How do they differ from hydrogen bonds? Would these bonds be easier or harder to break?
Hydrogen and oxygen bonds that form the water molecule are called covalent bonds. They’re different from hydrogen bonds because covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons between atoms, whereas hydrogen bonds are just when a side of a molecule is attracted to another side of a molecule, which has the opposite charge. These would be harder to break because these electrons are paired to both atoms while bonding, which causing more energy to break than hydrogen bonds, which don’t involve electron exchange.
