Immune Systems and Viruses - 2

Question 1

Lytic Cycle

Answer 1

fast acting reproduction of virus

Question 2

Lysogenic Cycle

Answer 2

slow acting reproduction of virus

Question 3

Virus

Answer 3

non-living, non-cellular, infectious pathogen

Question 4

Pathogen

Answer 4

any agent that causes disease
(usually bacteria, virus, fungi, or protist)

Question 5

Non-specific Defenses

Answer 5

Skin, tears, mucus, etc
Inflammatory response

Question 6

Specific Defenses

Answer 6

antigens
antibodies
memory of infection: vaccines or acquired

Question 7

Immune Disorders

Answer 7

allergies

Question 8

Viral Replication

Answer 8

1. Attatchment: virus attatches to the receptors on a host cell
2. Penetration: the virus particle or its genetic material crosses the cell membrane of a host cell and enters the cytoplasm
3. Replication and Synthesis: the viral DNA/RNA replicates and make new viral parts
4. Assembly: the new viruses are made inside the host cell
5. Release: the particles are released from the host cell and can cause cell death

Question 9

inflammatory response

Answer 9

• occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause.
• The damaged cells release chemicals, which cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling

Question 10

First Line of Defense are Nonspecific Barriers:

Answer 10

1. skin
2. ciliated/mucus membranes trap and sweep away foreign particles
3. tears and saliva contain enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls
4. bacteria that form our natural flora are non-pathogenic & exist on the skin, mouth, intestines, and vagina. They ut compete pathogens.
5. Macrophages consume all foreign material it encounters by endocytosis.
   (There’s also Inflammatory Responses, which is the 2nd line of defense)