Active Transport & Excretory system - 2

Question 1

Functions of the Excretory System

Answer 1

• eliminate waste (urea, carbon dioxide) and toxins from the body
• Regulate blood volume and blood pressure
• regulate blood pH
• balance body fluids by releasing excess water or holding onto it
• produce urine
• regulates the concentration of certain solutes in the blood

Question 2

Path of Urine

Answer 2

1. ***Kidney (urine formation)
2. Ureter
3. Bladder (urine storage)
4. Urethra
5. Exit the body - Toilet

Question 3

nephron

Answer 3

• filtration unit of the kidney*
• produce filtrate

Question 4

Filtration

Answer 4

the mass movement of water and solutes from plasma to the renal tubule that occurs in the renal corpuscle.

Question 5

When does filtration begin?

Answer 5

when blood from the renal artery enters the glomerulus.

Question 6

glomerulus

Answer 6

a small, dense network of capillaries where filtration occurs inside the Bowman’s capsule.

Question 7

path of small substances

Answer 7

some will be reabsorbed in renal tubule. Any excess will be eliminated through the collecting duct as urine.

Question 8

path of large substances

Answer 8

such as proteins and blood cells, are too big to pass through the capillary walls and would leave the kidney through the renal vein and return to the blood.

Question 9

journey through a kidney

A red blood cell

Answer 9

Renal artery → glomerulus → capillaries → renal vein

Question 10

journey through a kidney

A large protein

Answer 10

renal artery → glomerulus → capillaries → renal vein

Question 11

journey through a kidney

A molecule of water that is essential to the body

Answer 11

renal artery → glomerulus → capillaries → renal vein

Question 12

Journey through a Kidney

A molecule of urea (a toxic waste)

Answer 12

renal artery → glomerulus → renal tubule → ureter → bladder

Question 13

Journey through a kidney

A molecule of glucose (sugar)

Answer 13

SOME:
renal artery → glomerulus → renal tubule → renal vein
OTHERS:
renal artery →capillaries → renal vein

Question 14

journey through a kidney

A molecule of water that needs to be removed from the body to keep the water balance right.

Answer 14

renal artery → glomerulus → renal tubule → ureter → bladder

Question 15

Osmosis in the excretory system

Answer 15

• gets waste products out of your blood.
• get nutrients out of food
• accounts for fluid transport out of the kidney tubules and the gastrointestinal tract, into capillaries, and across cell membranes.
• facilitates the diffusion of solutes and water across the semi-permeable membrane thereby maintaining osmotic balance.
• A high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid outside of the nephron will provide a driving force for osmosis, allowing water to be recovered from the filtrate.

Question 16

Diffusion in the excretory system

Answer 16

- substances that your body can still use get reabsorbed.

• In order to get water to leave the filtrate through diffusion, the area surrounding the nephron must have a high salt concentration.

Question 17

organs of the excretory system

Answer 17

• skin
• lungs
• liver
• kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 18

skin

Answer 18

• removes excess water, salts, and a small amouny of urea in sweat
• sweat is released in small amounts and helps maintain constant body temperature

Question 19

lungs

Answer 19

• blood transports carbon dioxide, a waste product made through cellular respiration frm the body cells to the lungs
• when you exhale, carbon dioxide and a small amount of water vapor are released
• regulating carbon dioxide levels is important for blood pH

Question 20

liver

Answer 20

• converts toxic nitrogen-based cellular waste from protein breakdown into urea, which is a less toxic compound
• urea is transported to the blood by the circulatory system to the kidneys for elimination

Question 21

kidneys

Answer 21

• a pair of fist size, bean shaped organs that filter out wastes, excess water, urea, salts, and metabolic waste from the blood
• inside the kidneys are “processing units” called nephrons, which are responsible for absorbing valuable substances and getting rid of waste in the blood.

Question 22

ureters

Answer 22

• a pair of tubes that transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 23

urinary bladder

Answer 23

• stores urine until it is ready to be released through the urethra

Question 24

urethra

Answer 24

• empties the bladder and releases urine outside the kidney

Question 25

functions of the excretory system

Answer 25

• eliminate waste (urea, carbon dioxide) and toxins from the body
• regulate blood volume and blood pressure
• regulate blod pH
• balance body fluids by releasing excess water or holding onto water
• produce urine
• regulates the concentration of certain solutes in the blood

Question 26

glucose

Answer 26

a sugar that is not usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Individuals with diabetes have too much glucose in their blood.

Question 27

endocytosis

Answer 27

cells taking in substances from outside the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle derived from the cell membrane

enveloped viruses can enter a cell by endocytosis

Question 28

exocytosis

Answer 28

where cells shift materials, such as waste products, from inside the cell to the extracellular space.

newly made viruses can exit by exocytosis

Question 29

active transport

Answer 29

• needs energy
• diffusion low –> high
• the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient.
• It also occurs in the kidneys

Question 30

Maintaining Homeostasis in the Excretory System

Answer 30

• Nitrogenuos Wastes such as ammonia and urea come from the breakdown of proteins during digestion. Both compounds are toxic to the human body and must be removed from the blood regularly.
• Kidney control the level of sodium in blood by removing and reabsorbing sodium ions. This helps control the osmotic pressure of the blood.
• The kidneys also regulate the pH of blood by filtering out hidrogen ions and allowing bicarbonate to be reabsorbed into the blood
• Glucose is a sugar that is not usuaully filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Individuals with diabetes have too much glucose in their blood.

Question 31

Urinary System

Answer 31

expells urea, keeps glucose and (something)-acids because we need them

Question 32

Path of the Urinary System

Answer 32

Bowman’s capsule –> Prximal Tubule –> Lop of Henle –> Distal Convulted Tubule –> Collecting Duct

Question 33

Active Transport in the Kidneys

Answer 33

Kidney cells use active transport to move sodium ions, sugar, vitamins, and other nutrients that were filtered out, back into the blood. The molecule movements creates osmotic pressure, so water also moved back into the bloodstream. If you’re dehydrated, most of the water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream.