Cellular and Chemical Energy - 3

Question 1

equation for ATP

Answer 1

ADP + P + energy <—-> ATP

Question 2

equation for cellular respiration

Answer 2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
glucose + oxygen –> carbon + water + energy

Question 3

equation for photosynthesis

Answer 3

6CO2 + 6H2O + light –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon + water + energy –> glucose + oxygen

Question 4

photosynthesis

equation for Light Reaction

Answer 4

water + (light) –> (ATP & NADPH) + O2
(occurs in the Thylakoid)

Question 5

photosynthesis

equation for the Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

CO2 + hydrogen (from water) –> glucose

Question 6

Glucose —>

Answer 6

synthesis of organic molecules (carbs, lipids, proteins)

Question 7

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 7

1) without air/oxygen
2) involves 1 additional step : Fermentation
3) 2 ATP molecules, but faster

Question 8

anearobic respiration

Fermentation

Answer 8

anaerobic release of energy from food
2 types:
- alcoholic
- lactic acid
used by small organisms

Question 9

equation for Anearobic respiration overall

Answer 9

glucose –> lactic acid or alcohol + CO2

Question 10

glycolysis

Answer 10

glucose –> pyruvate (2 ATP)

occurs in cytoplasm

Question 11

pyruvate –>

Answer 11

lactic acid or alcohol + CO2 (to keep glycolysis going)

Question 12

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 12

1. with air
2. 3 step process
   - glycolysis
   - Krebs Cycle
   - Electron Transport Chain
3. generates 38 + ATP, but is slower

Question 13

General formula for Aerobic respiration

Answer 13

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 14

Glycolysis (cytoplasm)

Answer 14

glucose –> pyruvate (2 ATP)

Question 15

Krebs Cycle and ETC (mitochondrion)

Answer 15

pyruvate + O2 –> CO2 + H2O (up to 38 ATP)

Question 16

chemiosmotic gradient

Answer 16

the gradient formed by the H+ ions

Question 17

chloroplast

Answer 17

organelle in the cells of plants and algea, that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photsynthessi

Question 18

light reactions

Answer 18

first stage of photosynthesisin which light energy from the sun is captured and changed into chemical energy that is stored in ATP and NADPH

Question 19

thylakoid

Answer 19

flattened sac of membrane insixe a chloroplast where the first stage of photosynthesis (light reactions) occurs

Question 20

electron carrier

Answer 20

molecules that accet and temporarily hold high-energy electrons

Question 21

electron transport

Answer 21

3rd stage pf cellular respiration, which occurs n the inner membrane of mitochondria, requires oxygen, and producess up to 34 ATP

Question 22

ATP

Answer 22

energy carrying molecule that cells use to power their metabolic processes; provides the cell w/ an immediate usable form of energy

Question 23

NADPH

Answer 23

short-term energy carrier; temporarily stoesenergy during photosynthesis

Question 24

Calvin Cycle

Answer 24

2nd stage f photosynthesis in which carbon atoms form carbn dioxide are combined, usinbg the energy in ATP and NADPH, to make glucose

Question 25

glucose

Answer 25

simple sugar that all living things use to store and transport energy

Question 26

photolysis

Answer 26

splitting water by light; produces thr hydrogen ions and electronds used in light reactions and oxygen atoms

Question 27

electron transport chain

Answer 27

series of elecrton transport molecule tyhat pass high-energy electrons from molecule to molecul and captire their energy

Question 28

chemiosmotic gradient

Answer 28

an electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane of the mitochondrion; due to concentration difference of both positive cjarges and hydrogen ions

Question 29

Krebs Cycle

Answer 29

2nd stage of cellular respiration in which two pyruvate molecules from the first stage to form ATP, NADPH, and FADH2 in the presemce of ocygen

Question 30

NADH

Answer 30

Short-term energy carrier; temporarily stores energy during cellular respiration

Question 31

mitochondrion

Answer 31

Organelle in eukaryotic cells that uses energy stored in glucose to make atp, which cells can use for energy

Question 32

carbon fixation

Answer 32

Process in which an organism builds low energy in organic CO2 into high energy organic molecule like glucose

Question 33

starch

Answer 33

Large, complex carbohydrate found in food such as grains and vegetables that the body uses for energy matter plus water is recycled. none can be added or lost