Atomic Structure - 3 Flashcards
element
a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances
atoms
the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
six most common elements
HONC PS
HONC PS
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
carbon
phosphorus
sulfur
atoms are made of subatomic particles called
protons
neutrons
electrons
protons
- positive charge
- location: nucleus
neutrons
- no charge
- location: nucleus
electrons
- negative charge
- location: outside of the nucleus
atomic mass
protons + neutrons
atomic number
- located at the top of the element square
- number of protons in an atom
how do you know the number of electrons in an element?
same as the number of protons
electron shells
energy levels where electrons are found
the electrons found on the outermost shell are called?
valance electrons
what does the number of valence electrons determine?
how many bonds the atom can make and what types of compounds it will form
Bohr Models
diagrams which show the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus
how many valence electrons do you have to have?
8
compound
- a substance that is made up of more than 1 element
- it can be broken down into its individual elements
chemical bonds
- how compounds are formed
- the attraction between the outermost valence electrons in an atom that holds the atoms together in space
the different types of bonds:
covalent, ionic, hydrogen bonds
what determines the number of bonds atoms can make?
the number of electrons in the outermost shell
how many bonds can molecules have?
single, double, and triple bonds
Molecular formula
C3H8O
structural formula
H - C - H - C
Atoms are hoping to fill their outermost shell to get a complete octet or 8 electrons in their outermost shell
Ex. carbon has 4 valence electrons, in order to complete its outermost shell it needs 4 more electrons, so it can make four bonds to get them
We cant make nay more than 4 bonds
the column it’s in means how many bonds it needs. The valence shell tells you how many bonds to make by how many is missing.
covalent bond
occurs when outer-shell electrons are shared between atoms
- strong bond that’s not easily broken
ionic bond
when atoms give or lose an electron
