digestive system

Question 1

path of food

Answer 1

mouth –> pharynx –> esophagus –> stomach –> small intestine –> large intestine –> rectum –> anus

Question 2

salivary glands

Answer 2

secrete saliva, which contains enzymes that initiate breakdown of carbohydrates

Question 3

mouth

Answer 3

mechanical breakdown of food; begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Question 4

pharynx

Answer 4

connects mouth with esophagus

Question 5

esophagus

Answer 5

peristalsis pushes food to stomach

Question 6

stomach

Answer 6

secretes acid and enzymes. Mixes food with secretions to begin enzymatic digestion of proteins

Question 7

liver

Answer 7

• produces bile, which emulsifies fat
• Converts glucose in blood to glycogen and stores it
• changes toxins to a less toxic form

Question 8

gallbladder

Answer 8

stores bile and introduces it into small intestine

Question 9

pancreas

Answer 9

produces and secretes pancreatic juice, containing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions, into small intestine

Question 10

small intestine

Answer 10

Mixes food with bile and pancreatic juice. Final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules; main site of nutrient absorbtion

Question 11

large intestine

Answer 11

absorbs water and electrolytes to form feces
contains bacteria
made up of 3 parts

Question 12

rectum

Answer 12

regulates elimination of feces

Question 13

anus

Answer 13

butt/butthole

Question 14

accessory organs

Answer 14

liver, salivary glands, pancreas, gallbladder

Question 15

Mechanical digestion

Answer 15

the physical breakdown of food

ex. chewing in your mouth
stomach muscles breaks down food

Question 16

Chemical Digestion

Answer 16

(enzymes)
when enzymes and gastric juices in different organs break down macromolecules so they can be absorbed by the body

Ex:Digestive enzymes-small intestine/mouth-saliva/stomach-gastric juices

Question 17

location in digestive system

carbohydrates

Answer 17

starts in mouth, continues in stomach, finished in small intestine
enzyme produced in mouth = amylase

Question 18

location in digestive system

Protein

Answer 18

starts in stomach and finished in small intestine enzymes = protease like pepsin, trypsin

Question 19

location in digestive system

Fat/lipids

Answer 19

in the small intestine
enzyme = lipase

Question 20

where does water reabsorbtion occur?

Answer 20

large intestine

Question 21

function of the digestive system

Answer 21

1. break down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in food into smaller molecules to give the body energy in a form it can use, ATP
2. Absorb nutrients and water
3. eliminate waste

Question 22

the contraction of the esophagus muscles

Answer 22

Peristalsis

Question 23

epiglottis

Answer 23

a flap which covers the trachea and keep food from going into our lungs.

Question 24

In the stomach there is

Answer 24

acid, pepsinogen, and mucus
a. acid kills bacteria and breaks apart cells
b. pepsinogen and HCl produce pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of proteins
Mucus helps protect the walls of the stomach from the acidic juices, so it doesn’t digest itself.
juices + food = chyme

Question 25

bile

Answer 25

made up bile salts which help to break down fats and absorb vitamins A, D, E and K.

Question 26

carbs

Answer 26

amylase

Question 27

fats

Answer 27

lipase

Question 28

nucleic acids

Answer 28

nuclease

Question 29

proteins

Answer 29

trypsin

Question 30

pancreatic juices

Answer 30

contain base that neutralizes the chyme from the stomach

Question 31

The walls of the small intestine fold up and down into finger-like projection called

Answer 31

villi

Question 32

microvilli

Answer 32

Each villi is covered with these tiny projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine
rapidly absorb nutrients

Question 33

effects of digestive enzymes

Answer 33