Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > PNS > Flashcards

PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Which is longer in the PNS the post or preganglionic fibers

A

The preganglionic fibers are longer than the post ganglionic fibers as the parasympathetic ganglia is close to the effector organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of receptors does the PNS HAVE

A

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are nicotinic receptors coupled with

A

Na+ /K+ ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are muscarinic receptors coupled with

A

G proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the effects of activation of muscarinic or nicotinic receptors

A 
DUMB HAVES 
DEFECATION 
URINATION 
MUSCLE EXCITATION
BRONCHOSPASM 
HEART BRADYCARDIA 
AUTONOMIC GANGLIA STIMULATION
VASODILATION 
EYE MIOSIS AND ACCOMMODATION
SECRETIONS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does the vasodilation occur after muscarinic activity

A

M3 receptor activation increases Ca2+ release which aids in NO formation, leading to CGMP formation ——> relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do direct cholinomimitics work

A

Mimic ACH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is bethanchol

A

An ester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bethanechol receptors

A

Only muscarinic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bethanechol indications

A

ileus and urinary retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bethanechol contraindications

A

Kidney and gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is pilocarpine

A

Alkaloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pilocarpine receptors

A

Primarily acts on muscarinic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pilocarpine indications

A 
Glaucoma by decreasing IOP which is 
done by:- 
Increase out flow if AH 
Decreased production of AH 
Other indications: sjorgen/xerostomia by increasing secreations of lacrimal and salivary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is carbachol

A

Ester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbachol receptors

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic

More potent and more side effects so not used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is methancholine

A

An ester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Methacholine receptors

A

Acts on muscarinic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Methacholine uses and why is it used this way

A

Screening tool for bronchial asthma, methacholine challenge test.
It is short acting susceptible to ACHE degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Methacholine contraindications

A

COPD, peptic ulcer, urinary retention, GI obstruction and IHD

21
Q

How to treat muscarinic poisoning exacerbated DUMB HAVES

A

reversed by atropine 1-2 mg every 30 mins

22
Q

How do indirect cholinomimitics work

A

Inhibition of ACHE

23
Q

What could indirect cholinomimitics be

A

Organophosphates - used as pesticides
Carbamates - tertiary or quartenary amines
Tertiary amines can cross BBB

24
Q

What are the quaternaryamines

A

Edrophonium, neosrigmine and pyridostigmine

25
Q

Edrophonium indication and why is it used this way

A

Diagnosis of myasthenia gravies
Differential diagnosis between cholinergic crisis and myasthenia graves
Since it’s a short acting competitive inhibitor of ACHE

26
Q

What’s the treatment of myasthenia graves

A

Pyridostigmine

27
Q

Neosrigmine indication

A

Myasthenia gravis , postoperative ileus and urinary retention and to reverse paralysis after Anastasia

28
Q

What are the tertiary amines

A

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and physostigmine

29
Q

Physostigmine indication

A

Antidote for over does on anti cholinergic drugs like Atropine- treat side effects like
- constipation, urinary retention and tremor and confusion

30
Q

Galantamine and rivastigmine indication

A

Alzheimer’s disease

31
Q

Side effects of indirect cholinomimitics

A

MIOSIS, diarrhea, urination, bronchospasm and increase secreations also convulsions, coma and CVS depression

32
Q

Pralidoxime indication

A

Promotes regeneration of ACHE enzymes but it’s slow acting and doesn’t cross BBB

33
Q

Atropine indications

A

Used for bradycardia, decrease bladder contraction, dilates pupils for ophthalmology and cycloplagia
Antidote for ACHE inhibitors

34
Q

Atropine side effects

A

Tachycardia, constipation and urinary retention, dry mouth and eyes as well as blurry vision

35
Q

Atropine contraindication

A

Narrow angle glaucoma

36
Q

Oxybutinin and tolterodie indication

A

Decrease muscle contraction to prevent urge incontinence and involuntary urination

37
Q

Ipratropium and tiotropium indication

A

Bronchodilators as they cause smooth muscle relaxation to relive COPD and asthma

38
Q

Scopolamine indications

A

Prevents motion sickness and block short term memory(anaesthetic procedures)

39
Q

Benztropine and trihexyphenadyl indications

A

Used in Parkinson’s disease as they’re active in the striatum to restore balance between ACH and Dopamine

40
Q

Acetylcholine esterase where is it found

A

Found in many types of conducting tissue in RBC membrane but not in plasma

41
Q

What is pseudocholinesterase

A

Also known as plasma cholinesterase

Present in plasma and works on the hydrolisis of succinylcholine

42
Q

Topicamide and cyclopentolate indication

A

Ophthalmology - mydriasis and cycloplegia

43
Q

Antidote for neuromuscular blocking drugs

A

Edrophonium, pyridostigmine and neostigmine

44
Q

Example of non depolarising neuromuscular blocker

A

Tubocurarine

-curare

45
Q

Example of depolarising neuromuscular blocker

A

Succinylcholine

46
Q

Succinylcholine adverse effects and when does it happen

A

Malignant hyperthermia, prolonged apnea mostly seen in people with a genetic defect deficiency of plasma pseudocholinesterase

47
Q

Trospium indications

A

Treatment of overactive bladder with Alzheimer’s disease

48
Q

How to treat sinus bradycardia

A

Atropine

Pharmacology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions