Antibiotics Inhibiting Bacterial Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Which group of antibiotics inhibit 30S
GTA
Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
Glycyclines
Antibiotics that inhibit 50S
Macrolides
lincosamides(clindamycin)
Oxazolidinones
List the aminoglycosides drugs
Gentamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Amikacin Tabramycin
Which of the aminoglycosides is fecally eliminated and parenteral
Neomycin
Which aminoglycosides is given for pseudomonas
Tobramycin
Aminoglycosides mechanism of action
Inhibits 30S ribosomes irreversibly —> bacteriocidal
Aminoglycosides clinical uses
Used for severe aerobic gram negative Rods
Can be given with B lactamases for + coccal infections also for tularemia
What is used prior to bowl surgery
Neomycin
Aminoglycosides adverse effects
Teratogenic, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockade
Aminoglycosides contraindications
Myasthenia gravis, renal disease and allergy (cataract dermatitis)
List the tetracycline drugs
Tetracycline and doxycycline
Tetracycline mechanism of action
Binds to 30S and is bacteriostatic
Are Tetracycline taken on an empty stomach
Yes they are
How is doxycycline eliminated and when is it taken
It is fecally eliminated so can be used in renal failure
What should not be taken with tetracyclines
Milk, antacids (Ca2+ or Mg2+ or Fe2+)
Tetracycline clinical use
Used in Lyme disease, rickettsia. Treat acne Atypical Peptic ulcer disease Cholera
What happens if tetracyclines are taken for in pregnant women
It’s Teratogenic so —> deformity, discolouration or teeth and decrease in bone growth in children
Tetracycline adverse effects
Phototoxicity, hepatotoxicity, calcification vestibular dysfunction only
List the macrolides drugs
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Which macrolides inhibit P450
Erythromycin and clarithromycin
Which macrolide has the longest half life
Azithromycin
Which macrolide is an alternative to penicillin G
Erythromycin
Macrolides clinical uses
Used in atypical pneumonia, gram positive cocci and B pertussis
Macrolides mechanism of action
Inhibits 50 S bacteriostatic
Macrolides adverse effects
Cholestatic jaundice, prolonged QT interval and epigastric distress, ototoxicity and increased intestinal motility (can be used for ileus)
Clindamycin mechanism of action
Inhibits 50S bacteriostatic
Clindamycin clinical uses
Used in anaerobic infections above the diaphragm
Clindamycin adverse effects
Pseudomembranous colitis—> watery diarrhea, C. Difficile toxin in stool
Chloramphenicol mechanism of action
Binds to 50S Bacteriostatic
Chloramphenicol adverse effects
Grey baby syndrome, aplastic anaemia and anemia
Linezolid mechanism of action
Binds to 50S bacteriostatic
Linezolid clinical uses
- Has gram positive activity against resistant species
- choice of last resort for VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus)
- active against tuberculosis
Linezolid adverse effects
Serotonin syndrome, bone marrow suppression -> thrombocytopenia
Which macrolide has a better gram positive coverage
Erythromycin
Which macrolide has a better respiratory coverage and gram negative coverage
Azithromycin
Are macrolides teratognic
No they are safe in pregnancy
Aminoglycosides are usually used against gram negative aerobes how can they be used against gram positive
Gentamicin can be used synergistically with B lactamases for gram + aerobes (enterococci)
Nitrofurantoin indication
First line for uncomplicated cystitis ( while fosfomycin is first line for acute cystitis
Nitrofurantoin mechanism of action
Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
What in nitrofurantoin reduces GI toxicity
Microcrystalline formulation
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects
Neuropathy, pulmonary fibrosis and AIH(auto immune hepatitis)
Nitrofurantoin contraindications
Renal impairment
