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Pharmacology > Anxiolytics And Hyponotics > Flashcards

Anxiolytics And Hyponotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are anxiolytic drugs

A

Benzodiazepines

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2
Q

Benzodiazepines mechanism of action

A

Benzodiazepines act on the site between alpha and gamma that facilitate GABA-A binding and increase in frequency of Cl- channels opening

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3
Q

What is GABA

A

main inhibitor transmitter in the brain

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4
Q

Whats the difference between GABA A and B

A

A - occurs post synapticalky coupled to cl ions

B - G protein coupled receptor

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5
Q

only drug that acts on GABA B

A

Baclofen

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6
Q

List benzodiazepines

A 
End with lam and Pam, have diaze in them
Alprozalam
Chlordiazepoxide
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midozolam
Cholnazepam
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7
Q

What are the subtypes of GABA A

A

Alpha1 GABA A - hypnotic

Alpha2 GABA A - anxiolytics (muscle relaxant

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8
Q

All benzodiazepines act on a1 what can that cause

A

Sedation

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9
Q

Duration of action of benzodiazepines

A

3-8hrs short acting
8-24hr medium acting
>24hrs long acting

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10
Q

Long acting benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide

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11
Q

Medium acting benzodiazepines

A

Lorazepam

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12
Q

Short acting benzodiazepines

A

Midozalam and Alprazolam

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13
Q

Which benzodiazepines are used for skeletal muscle spasm

A

Diazepam

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14
Q

Which benzodiazepines are used for alcohol withdrawal

A

Diazepam

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15
Q

Which benzodiazepines are used for anaesthesia

A

Midozalam

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16
Q

Which benzodiazepines are used for sleep disorders

A

Midozalam

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17
Q

Which benzodiazepines are used for anxiety

A

Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam and alprazolam

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18
Q

Which benzodiazepines are used for seizures

A

Diazepam, lorazepam and clonazepam

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19
Q

What is status epilepticus

A

Life threatening condition where the brain is in a state of presistant seizures

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20
Q

Benzodiazepines toxicity from overdosage

A

CNS and RESPIRATORY depression

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21
Q

Benzodiazepines side effects

A

Amnesia, anterograde amnesia, Slurred speech, interferes with driving and psychomotor skills

22
Q

Can benzodiazepines be given to pregnant women

A

No it’s Teratogenic

23
Q

What can you develop with benzodiazepines

A

Tolerance and dependence

24
Q

Benzodiazepines antidote

A

Flumazenil - reverses CNS depression

25
Q

Which benzodiazepine is used for insomnia

A

Flunitrazepam

26
Q

Which diazepams are advised for the elderly

A

Short acting

27
Q

Contraindications to take with benzodiazepines

A

Alcohol

28
Q

How to stop giving benzodiazepines

A

Dose reduction should be gradual when taking off medication

29
Q

What is used for chronic anxiety

A

Buspiron

30
Q

What is buspiron

A

Partial agonist of 5-HTa receptor

31
Q

How long does buspiron take to start working

A

It takes days to weeks to produce effect in men

32
Q

Which antihistamines are used as anxyolytics

A

Hydroxyzine and promethazine

33
Q

Beta blockers used for anxiety- specially stage fright

A

Propanolol and atenolol

34
Q

When shouldn’t hypnotics be used

A

Shouldn’t be used before driving machinary or activity

35
Q

Insomnia definition

A

Difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep and sleep disturbances at least 3 times a week

36
Q

Which benzodiazepine is used for insomnia

A

Midozalam

37
Q

Which antidepressants have hypnotic effects could be used for insomnia

A

Doxepin - most sedative antidepressant
Trazadon
Mirtazapine - blocks H1

38
Q

What herb is used as a hypnotic

A

Valerian herb

39
Q

List non benzodiazepines hypnotic drugs

A 
Z agents 
Zopiclone 
Zolpidem
Eszopiclone
Zaleplon
40
Q

Which from the Z agents have short half life

A

Z agents
Zopiclone
Zolpidem
Eszopiclone

41
Q

Which from the Z agents have ultra short half life

A

Zaleplon

42
Q

What do the Z agents act on and what can they cause

A

They act on a1 GABA A receptor and can cause tolerance and dependence

43
Q

What is used to regulate jet lag and artificial jet lag syndrome

A

Melatonin hormones

Agonists of MT1 and MT2 of melatonin receptors

44
Q

List the melatonin hormones

A

Ramelteon- increases prolactin level
Tasimelton- abnormal dreams
Agomelatine

45
Q

What is suvorexant

A

Antagonist at orexin receptors

46
Q

What is orexin

A

Neuropeptide promoting wakefulness

47
Q

Suvorexant side effects

A

Signs of narcolepsy and cataplexy and increase suicidal ideation

48
Q

What are z agents metabolised by

A

P450

49
Q

What can Z agents cause

A

Anterograde amnesia

50
Q

What happens when we mix

Phenobarbital/benzodiazepines with alcohol

A

Induces respiratory depression

Pharmacology (33 decks)

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