Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

How do diuretics work

A

They increase the production of urine

- all of them act from the luminal side of tubular cell membrane except spirinolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the groups of diuretics

A 
Osmotic diuretics 
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 
Loop diuretics 
Thiazides 
Potassium sparing diuretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mannitol is the only osmotic diuretic what’s the mode of administration

A

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mannitol mechanism of action

A

Increase osmolalility of plasma and urine so there will be greater plasma volume and elimination from the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mannitol indications

A

Glaucoma - not first line
Cerebral swelling
Flushed out toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is mannitol given to flush out toxins

A

Orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is mannitol contraindicated in

A

Acute heart failure and pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens when carbonic anhydrase are given and where do they act

A

Decreased Movement of bicarbonate and sodium from tubule to blood
THEY ACT ON THE PROXIMAL TUBULE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Suffix - zolamide
Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
Dichlorphenamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors mode of administration

A

Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors generally used

A

Used to help in edematous states like ascites and PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors only used

A

When there is alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors urinary electrolytes

A

↑k+, ↑Na+ and ↑↑HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which diuretics are used for glaucoma

A

Topically brinzolamide and dorzolamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

All indications of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Glaucoma
High altitude sickness
Urinary alkalosis and epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors adverse effects

A

Metabolic acidosis and k+ wasting

17
Q

Where do loop diuretics act

A

They act on the loop if henle

Thick ascending limb

18
Q

List the loop diuretics

A

Sulfonamide derivatives - furosemide, torsemide, bumtanide

Phenoxyacetic Acid derivatives - ethacrynic Acid

19
Q

Loop diuretic mechanizm of action

A

Inhibit the co transporter NA+/K+/2CL- in the ascending part of the loop of henle
Leads to increase in Na+ out and decrease in Na+ in

20
Q

Loop diuretics urinary analysis

A

↑↑↑Na+, ↑K+, ↑Ca2+, ↑Cl-

21
Q

Loop diuretics indications

A
  • 1st line in acute heart failure (acute pulmonary edema)
  • 2nd line in hypertension(decrease plasma volume decrease CO)
  • hypercalcemia and intoxication
  • acute renal insufficiency
22
Q

Adverse effects of loop diuretics

A 
Hypokalemia 
Metabolic alkalosis 
Hyponatremia 
Allergic rxn
Ototoxicity 
Hyperuricemia
23
Q

Adverse effects of ethacrynic acid

A

Neutropenia, agranulocytosis and irreversible deafness

24
Q

Thiazides mode of administration

A

Oral

25
Q

List thiazides diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Chlorothiazide

26
Q

List thiazides like diuretics

A

Chlorthalidone
Indapamide
Metolazone

27
Q

Thiazides mechanism of action

A

Act on distal convoluted tubule, blocking Na/Cl symporter

28
Q

Thiazides indications

A

1st like antihypertensive agents
2nd line in heart failure (edema states)
Idiopathic calciuria (prevents Ca2+ loss)
Nephrogenic diabetes inspidus

29
Q

Thiazides adverse effects

A 
Hyper uricemia(gout)
Hypercalcemia
Hyperlipidemia 
Allergic reaction 
Hyperglycaemia
30
Q

Thiazides urianalysis

A

↑↑Na+, ↑K+, ↓Ca2+, ↑Cl-

31
Q

List potassium soaring diuretics

A

Aldosterone antagonists-spirinolactone and -none (eplerenon) -> better less AE
Antagonists of Na+ channels - Amilioride and triamterene

32
Q

Aldosterone antagonist mechanism of action

A

Block aldosterone receptors decreasing the number of Na+ channels

33
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics indications

A 
CHF
hyperaldosteronism 
Hepatic edema 
Resistant HTN
-can also be used for poly cystic ovarian syndrome
34
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics adverse effects

A

Hyperkalemia

Gynacomastia(only spirinolactone)

Pharmacology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions