Pneumonia

Question 1

Types of pneumonia

Answer 1

hospital-acquired, community-acquired, ventilator associated

Question 2

What is the most common agent of pneumonia

Answer 2

bacteria

Question 3

Risk factors of pneumonia

Answer 3

immunosuppression, influenza infection, aspiration, lung cancer/tumors, COPD, smoking, alcohol, drugs, bronchiectasis

Question 4

Bronchiectasis

Answer 4

the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus making the lungs more vulnerable

Question 5

Pathophysiology of pneumonia

Answer 5

inflammation of lung tissue caused by inhalation of pathogens that adhere to lung tissue

Question 6

Inflammation of process of pneumonia

Answer 6

alveolar air sacs fill with inflammatory cells, fluid, mucus, exudate, WBC, RBC –> accumulation hinders gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries

Question 7

How does pneumonia cause hypoxia/hypercapnia?

Answer 7

gas exchange is not properly occurring

Question 8

3 characteristic signs of pneumonia

Answer 8

cough, crackles, fever

Question 9

What symptom changes for older adults in cases of pneumonia

Answer 9

hypothermia instead of fever

Question 10

How is pneumonia diagnosed

Answer 10

chest x-ray, CBC with differential, sputum and sensitivity, ultrasound and thoracentesis, ABGs and pulse ox

Question 11

Thoracentesis

Answer 11

procedure to remove fluid/air from around the lungs

Question 12

Treatment of pneumonia

Answer 12

antibiotics, IV fluids, O2, fowlers position, analgesics, antipyretics, bronchodilators

Question 13

Prevention

Answer 13

wash hands, PPE, flu vaccine, activity, cough, deep breathing, incentive spirometry