Liver

Question 1

Where is the liver located

Answer 1

RUQ

Question 2

Where does the liver’s blood supply come from

Answer 2

hepatic artery and portal vein

Question 3

Hepatocytes

Answer 3

functional cells of the liver that are capable of regeneration and responsible for excreting metabolic substances

Question 4

Path of bile secretion

Answer 4

synthesized in liver –> secreted into hepatic duct –> common bile duct –> small intestine

Question 5

Role of the liver (8)

Answer 5

digestion, bilirubin metabolism, fat and protein metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, hematologic role, endocrine role, detoxification

Question 6

Digestion

Answer 6

responsible for bile secretion to help with fat digestion in the small intestine

Question 7

What is bile formed by

Answer 7

hepatocytes

Question 8

Where is bile stored

Answer 8

the gallbladder

Question 9

When and where is bile released

Answer 9

in response to fats intake, small intestine

Question 10

How is bilirubin derieved

Answer 10

from the breakdown of aged RBCs

Question 11

Unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 11

not water soluable

Question 12

Conjugated bilirubin

Answer 12

water soluable

Question 13

Why does bilirubin need to be conjugated

Answer 13

bilirubin has to be water soluble in order to be excreted in the bile

Question 14

Bilirubin metabolism path

Answer 14

Unconjugated in the bloodstream –> conjugation process in the liver –> conjugated in the small intestine

Question 15

Fat metabolism pathway

Answer 15

the liver excretes bile into the intestine to break down fats into triglycerides –> triglycerides are absorbed into the portal vein –> enter the liver to be broken down –> broken down into fatty acids, cholesterol, and glycerol

Question 16

Protein synthesis

Answer 16

the liver produces albumin which exerts oncotic pressure in the bloodstream

Question 17

Protein breakdown

Answer 17

the liver removes nitrogen from proteins –> converts to ammonia –> ammonia is absorbed into the bloodstream –> excreted by the kidneys

Question 18

Why is carbohydrate metabolism important

Answer 18

used to make sure the body has energy

Question 19

Glycogenesis

Answer 19

liver stores glucose as glycogen

Question 20

Glyconeogenesis

Answer 20

the liver converts amino acids and glycerol into glucose

Question 21

Glycogenolysis

Answer 21

catecholamines stimulate glycogen breakdown

Question 22

Hematologic role

Answer 22

creates fibrinogen and coagulation factors for clotting

Question 23

Why is the hematologic role important

Answer 23

there is a large risk for bleeding without

Question 24

How is prothrombin produced

Answer 24

by the liver with the help of vitamin K and bile

Question 25

What vitamin is essential for clotting

Answer 25

vitamin K

Question 26

Endocrine role

Answer 26

regulates fat and protein metabolism

Question 27

Glucagon

Answer 27

produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas, acts in the liver

Question 28

Actions of glucagon

Answer 28

stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, stimulates lipolysis

Question 29

Lipolysis

Answer 29

conversion of free fatty acids to ketones in the liver

Question 30

Detoxification pathway

Answer 30

absorption into the GI system --> passes into the portal vein --> biotransformation --> reaches systemic circulation --> excreted into the bile and through the GI tract

Question 31

Biotransformation

Answer 31

the portal vein brings all absorbed substances through the liver where detoxification occurs

Question 32

Why is detoxification important

Answer 32

reduces the availability/concentration of substances, hormones, and toxic chemicals in the bloodstream