Nephrolithiasis Flashcards
Nephrolithiasis
formation of stones (calculi) in the kidney
Risk factors for nephrolithiasis
dehydration, gout, high sodium intake, hypercalcemia, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricemia, hyperparathyroidism, genetic predisposition, dietary habits
What does the type of stone depend on
risk factors
Most common types of stones
calcium, struvite, uric acid, cystine
What does definite diagnosis require
stone analysis
What data does routine urinalysis gather
hematuria, infection, pH, presence of crystals
Additional diagnostics
x-rays, intravenous pyelography, abdominal ultrasound, retrograde urography, CT scans
Treatment
hydration, pain management, antibiotics if there is a UTI, symptom management, lithotripsy, cystoscopic surgery
Lithotripsy
sound waves that break the stone
What is the goal of treatment
to prevent reoccurrence
Hydronephrosis
swelling of the kidneys due to complete obstruction of urine flow
What does hydronephrosis cause
urine to back up into the renal pelvis destroy kidney tissue
