Oxygenation/Respiratory Failure

Question 1

Purpose of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

moisten/filter/warm the air and protects the lungs from foreign matter

Question 2

Purpose of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

participates in gas exchange at the alveoli, excretes CO2, where oxygenation occurs

Question 3

Where does gas exchange take place

Answer 3

occurs within the respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, and alveolar ducts

Question 4

Ventilation

Answer 4

the movement of air through the pulmonary airways

Question 5

Perfusion

Answer 5

the movement of blood through the pulmonary circulation

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 7

Ventilation perfusion ratio

Answer 7

the amount of air reaching the alveoli (ventilation) to the amount of blood (perfusion) reaching the alveoli

Question 8

Perfusion without ventilation

Answer 8

Blood is going to parts of the lungs that do not have air to give

Question 9

Ventilation without perfusion

Answer 9

Blood is not going to parts of the lungs that have air to give

Question 10

Orthodyspnea

Answer 10

shortness of breath when laying flat, occurs with heart failure

Question 11

Nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 11

shortness of breath at night, occurs with heart failure and asthma

Question 12

Examples of acute dyspnea

Answer 12

asthma, PE, aspiration, pneumothorax

Question 13

Examples of chronic dyspnea

Answer 13

COPD

Question 14

Cough

Answer 14

a response to a chemical or mechanical stimulus, mechanism to eliminate a substance

Question 15

Hemoptysis

Answer 15

sputum production with blood

Question 16

Atelectasis

Answer 16

collapse of alveoli resulting in reduced gas exchange

Question 17

What are the common causes of atelectasis

Answer 17

tumor, lung disease, foreign body, pneumonia, mucus, pneumothorax,

Question 18

Hypercapnia

Answer 18

high levels of CO2 in the blood

Question 19

Hypoxemia

Answer 19

low levels of O2 in the blood

Question 20

When does respiratory failure occur

Answer 20

when the pulmonary system fails to oxygenate the blood or fails to eliminate CO2 efficiently

Question 21

What is the order of occurrence for hypoxemia and hypoxia

Answer 21

hypoxemia occurs before hypoxia

Question 22

What is the normal ventilatory stimulus

Answer 22

hypercapnia:the accumulation of CO2

Question 23

What happens during chronic hypercapnia to the respiratory center

Answer 23

the respiratory center becomes insensitive to CO2, so low O2 becomes the driving stimulus for breathing

Question 24

Hypoxia

Answer 24

low O2 in the tissues

Question 25

What does chronic hypoxia stimulate

Answer 25

erythropoiesis

Question 26

Erythropoiesis

Answer 26

the process of the kidney releasing the protein erythropoietin to stimulate the red bone marrow to produce RBC