Ischemic Heart Disease Flashcards
Heart wall outside in
pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Pericardium
fibrous membrane that covers the heart (the outside sac)
Epicardium
outermost layer that covers the entire heart and great vessels
Myocardium
muscular middle layer controlled by the ANS that contracts
Endocardium
very thin layer that lines the interior of the heart and covers the valves
Where is serous fluid located
in between the visceral and parietal layer
What is the purpose of serous fluid
act as a lubricant to minimize friction with contraction and relaxation
What layer folds over to form the parietal layer of the pericardium
epicardium
What is the myocardium made of
cardiac muscle cells that are packed together, separated by gap junctions with low resistance
Left main coronary artery location and purpose
branches off the aortic arch and into the left anterior descending artery, supplies the left ventricle
Right coronary artery location and purpose
travels over the right atrium to the right ventricle then branches off into the posterior descending artery that supplies the posterior heart
Collateral branches
additional paths of circulation made through angiogenesis
Systole
ventricles contract
Diastole
ventricles relax and accept blood from atrial contraction
What innervates the cardiac muscle
the ANS to help move the heart in a precise manner
Where does blood go during systole from the left ventricle
to the aorta
Where does blood go during systole from the right ventricle
pulmonary artery to become oxygenated
Conduction system
specialized conductive pathway that maintains an orderly impulse sequence of the heart
Action potentials
electric currents cause by the movement of ions across cell membranes
Path of electric conduction
SA node –> AV node –> bundle of HIS –> purkinjie fibers –> left/right bundles
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
recording of the electrical activity of the heart
P-wave
SA node and atrial depolarization, atrial contraction
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization, ventricular contraction
T-wave
ventricular repolarization, heart’s refractory/refill/relax period
Acute coronary syndrome
a disorder caused by myocardial ischemia
Unstable angina
lack of blood flow to myocardium causing squeezing pain in chest (first time)
Acute myocardial infarction
cardiac tissue endures prolonged ischemia without recovery –> tissue is damaged and cells die
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
procedure to open blocked coronary arteries
