Ischemic Heart Disease

Question 1

Heart wall outside in

Answer 1

pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 2

Pericardium

Answer 2

fibrous membrane that covers the heart (the outside sac)

Question 3

Epicardium

Answer 3

outermost layer that covers the entire heart and great vessels

Question 4

Myocardium

Answer 4

muscular middle layer controlled by the ANS that contracts

Question 5

Endocardium

Answer 5

very thin layer that lines the interior of the heart and covers the valves

Question 6

Where is serous fluid located

Answer 6

in between the visceral and parietal layer

Question 7

What is the purpose of serous fluid

Answer 7

act as a lubricant to minimize friction with contraction and relaxation

Question 8

What layer folds over to form the parietal layer of the pericardium

Answer 8

epicardium

Question 9

What is the myocardium made of

Answer 9

cardiac muscle cells that are packed together, separated by gap junctions with low resistance

Question 10

Left main coronary artery location and purpose

Answer 10

branches off the aortic arch and into the left anterior descending artery, supplies the left ventricle

Question 11

Right coronary artery location and purpose

Answer 11

travels over the right atrium to the right ventricle then branches off into the posterior descending artery that supplies the posterior heart

Question 12

Collateral branches

Answer 12

additional paths of circulation made through angiogenesis

Question 13

Systole

Answer 13

ventricles contract

Question 14

Diastole

Answer 14

ventricles relax and accept blood from atrial contraction

Question 15

What innervates the cardiac muscle

Answer 15

the ANS to help move the heart in a precise manner

Question 16

Where does blood go during systole from the left ventricle

Answer 16

to the aorta

Question 17

Where does blood go during systole from the right ventricle

Answer 17

pulmonary artery to become oxygenated

Question 18

Conduction system

Answer 18

specialized conductive pathway that maintains an orderly impulse sequence of the heart

Question 19

Action potentials

Answer 19

electric currents cause by the movement of ions across cell membranes

Question 20

Path of electric conduction

Answer 20

SA node –> AV node –> bundle of HIS –> purkinjie fibers –> left/right bundles

Question 21

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer 21

recording of the electrical activity of the heart

Question 22

P-wave

Answer 22

SA node and atrial depolarization, atrial contraction

Question 23

QRS complex

Answer 23

ventricular depolarization, ventricular contraction

Question 24

T-wave

Answer 24

ventricular repolarization, heart’s refractory/refill/relax period

Question 25

Acute coronary syndrome

Answer 25

a disorder caused by myocardial ischemia

Question 26

Unstable angina

Answer 26

lack of blood flow to myocardium causing squeezing pain in chest (first time)

Question 27

Acute myocardial infarction

Answer 27

cardiac tissue endures prolonged ischemia without recovery –> tissue is damaged and cells die

Question 28

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Answer 28

procedure to open blocked coronary arteries