Blood Flow Regulation

Question 1

Characteristics of arteries (volume, pressure, resistance)

Answer 1

high volume, high pressure, high/low resistance

Question 2

How is pressure of arteries determined

Answer 2

the difference between the two ends of the vessel (inversely related, smaller vessel/larger pressure)

Question 3

Cardiac output equation

Answer 3

BP/PVR

Question 4

Cardiac output

Answer 4

the amount of blood that flows from the left ventricle each minute

Question 5

What is the normal cardiac output

Answer 5

5L per minute

Question 6

Blood pressure

Answer 6

the force against arterial walls as the heart pumps blood throughout the body

Question 7

Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)

Answer 7

resistance of the blood vessels in the circulatory system (against pressure)

Question 8

Laminar blood flow

Answer 8

blood flow smoothly through the vessel without friction and shear

Question 9

Turbulent blood flow

Answer 9

blood flow that bounces in the vessel, there is friction and shear, injury that disrupts blood flow

Question 10

What areas does endothelial injury create

Answer 10

areas for stagnant blood flow

Question 11

What does endothelial injury expose

Answer 11

endothelial lining to blood constituents

Question 12

What does turbulent blood flow increase the risk of

Answer 12

thrombus formation (clots)

Question 13

What sound does turbulent blood flow create

Answer 13

bruit (whooshing sound)

Question 14

Arterial wall tension

Answer 14

the force in the vessel wall that opposes the distending pressure inside the vessel

Question 15

Compliance

Answer 15

the distension capacity of a blood vessel and total amount of blood accommodated by any given part of the circulatory system for each rise in mm of pressure (how much can a blood vessel stretch/hold)

Question 16

Systole

Answer 16

period of cardiac contraction, peak

Question 17

Stroke volume

Answer 17

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction

Question 18

When is blood ejected from the left ventricle

Answer 18

systole

Question 19

Diastole

Answer 19

period of cardiac relaxation, ventricles fill

Question 20

Pulse pressure

Answer 20

the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 21

What is the normal pulse pressure

Answer 21

40 mmHg

Question 22

What is the normal stroke volume

Answer 22

70% –> 70mL

Question 23

What is BP a reflection of

Answer 23

cardiac cycle, rises during contractions and declines during relaxation

Question 24

What regulates blood flow through the arteries

Answer 24

volume of blood, arterial blood pressure, and peripheral vascular resistance

Question 25

If bp drops and cardiac output is constant what occurs

Answer 25

peripheral vascular resistance increases and vasoconstriction occurs

Question 26

If peripheral vascular resistance increases and cardiac output is constant what occurs

Answer 26

bp increases to maintain cardiac output