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VMS 2005 > Platelets and Coagulation- The essentials > Flashcards

Platelets and Coagulation- The essentials Flashcards

1
Q

In what species are thrombocytes not nucleated cells?

A

Mammals

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2
Q

What protein stimulates the production of megakaryocytes and development of platelets

A

Thrombopoietin

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3
Q

What is the average platelet life span?

A

5-10 days

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4
Q

What are some potential challenges for a platelet analyser?

A

Struggle to separate especially if the erythrocytes are small and the platelets are large

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5
Q

What breed of dog has large platelets?

A

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

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6
Q

What is Thrombocytosis?

A

Occurs when another disease/ condition causes you to have a high platelet count

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7
Q

What are some conditions that may cause you to have a high platelet count?

A

Inflammation
response to iron deficiency
recovery from previous thrombocytopenia
Response to epinephrin or exercise

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8
Q

What is Cytopenia?

A

Having low levels of different blood cells

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9
Q

What are some different ways cytopenia can occur?

A

Increased loss
Decreased production
Increased consumption
Sequestration

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10
Q

What are some ways thrombocytopenia can occur?

A

response to some drugs
spleen removing cells from circulation

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11
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary IMHA?

A

Primary- where the immune system attacks its own red blood cells
Secondary- where an underlying disease modifies the red blood cells

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12
Q

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation?

A

abnormal blood clotting throughout the bodies vessels

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13
Q

What is envomation?

A

The injection of venom

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14
Q

What is haemostasis?

A

Balance between clot formation and clot breakdown
These processes are in continual balance

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15
Q

What is primary haemostasis?

A

Evaluation of the platelets

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16
Q

What is a coagulopathy?

A

A condition that affects how your blood clots
it can result in a lack of platelets/ a lack of functioning platelets

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17
Q

What is secondary haemostasis?

A

The formation of fibrin through the clotting cascade

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18
Q

What is primary haemostasis?

A

The initial response of the body to vascular injury and involves interactions between platelets

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19
Q

What kind of pathway is the PT pathway?

A

extrinsic

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20
Q

What kind of pathway is the APTT pathway?

21
Q

Why cant you use the APTT Pathway testing for avians?

A

They do not have factor 12

22
Q

What is fibrinolysis?

A

Breakdown of a clot

23
Q

What kind of plasma is required to assess clotting factors?

A

citrate plasma

24
Q

What are D-Dimers and FDP’s
evidence of?

A

Evidence of Clot breakdown

25
Q

What is viscoelastic testing?

A

provides a full hemostasis overview from a patient whole blood sample

26
Q

What kind of state cannot be identified on PT/ APTT testing

A

Hypercoagulable states

27
Q

What are some platelet disorders that can be inherited?

A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
vWD

28
Q

What is type I disease?

A

all vWF multimers are present but proportionately low

29
Q

What is type II disease?

A

deficiency of vWF multimers with high molecular weight

30
Q

What is type III disease?

A

absence of all vWF multimers

31
Q

What is vWD factor important for?

A

its important for platelet adhesion and aggregation, it competes with factor 7 for stabilisation

32
Q

What is the clinical presentation of primary haemostasis/ decreased platelets

A

Haemorrage
e.g * Petechiae – 1-4mm –
* Epistaxis
* Haematuria

33
Q

What is the clinical presentation of secondary haemostasis/ decreased clotting factors

A
  • Ecchymoses
  • Haematomas
  • Haemorrhage into body cavities, joints
34
Q

What is a D-Dimer

A

A fibrin degredation

evidence of clot degredation

35
Q

Give an example of a coagulpathy

A

Von Willebrands disease

36
Q

Whys hould you not use a glass tube for measuring clotting factors?

A

Glass surfaces will activate the clotting factors

37
Q

What does the extrinsic coagulation pathway begin with?

A

Tissue factor

38
Q

What is the extrinsic pathway also known as?

A

the PT pathway

39
Q

What is the intrinsic pathway also known as?

A

the APTT pathway

40
Q

What is type I vWF disease?

A

all multimers are present but proportionately low

41
Q

What is type II vWF disease?

A

deficiency of vWF multimers with high molecular weight

42
Q

What is type III vWF disease?

A

absence of all vWF multimers

43
Q

At what magnification will platelets need to be identified at?

A

x100 oil immersion

44
Q

Give some examples of things that can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation

A
  • Envenomation
  • Hepatic disease
  • infection
  • necrosis
  • pancreatitis
45
Q

How can you test the function of platelets in house?

A

buccal mucousal bleeding test

46
Q

What causes platelet sequestration?

A

Platelets get stuck in the spleen

47
Q

What causes platelet destruction?

A

immune-mediated thombocytopenia

48
Q

What causes decreased production of platelets?

A

response to drugs or an infection

49
Q

What causes platelet consumption?

A

coagulopathy, e.g DIC

VMS 2005 (33 decks)

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