Blood Groups and transfusions Flashcards

1
Q

What is an alloantibody

A

Produced when there is contact following exposure to foreign red blood cell antigens

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2
Q

What are the two end-points of blood group testing?

A
  • agglutination
  • haemolysin (lysis of the cells)
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3
Q

Why is blood typing more important for cats?

A
  • the majority of cats possess naturally occuring isoantibodies, so if blood typing is not done you may kill the patient with the transfusion
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4
Q

What are the three cat blood groups?

A
  • A- majority of DSH
  • B-less common (has a high titre of antibodies against type A)
  • AB- uncommon
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5
Q

What blood type system is used for dogs

A
  • Dog erythrocyte antigen system
  • DEA 1- DEA 7
    *
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6
Q

What dog blood type can typing readily be performed for?

A

DEA 1.1 antigen as it is the most immunogenic

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7
Q

How many blood factors are there in equine blood

A

There is a minimum of 34 factors distributed across seven systems

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8
Q

How can horses acquire naturally occuring antibodies?

A
  • Transfusion
  • placental exchange
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9
Q

What blood types are frquently identified as triggering immune responses

A

Anti Aa, Anti Qa

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10
Q

How many blood group factors are found in livestock?

A

70 blood group factors in 11 groups

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11
Q

How many blood groups are described in sheep and goats?

A

eight

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12
Q

When would you transfuse?

A
  • Depends upon clinical presentation
  • speed of onset of anaemia
  • availability of patient care and monitering
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13
Q

How may you identify a suitable donor?

A
  • Weight cut offs for different species
  • Screen for blood type
  • Screen for infectious organisms
  • Check for good general health
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14
Q

What are four ways you can do blood typing?

A
  • In house typing
  • Card typing
  • Lateral flow strips
  • Gel tubes
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15
Q

What is major cross-matching?

A

Do the donor red cells react to the recipient plasma

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16
Q

What is minor cross-matching?

A

Do the recipient cells react to the donor

17
Q

What two species have naturally occuring alloantibodies?

A

Felines and equines