Blood Groups and transfusions Flashcards
What is an alloantibody
Produced when there is contact following exposure to foreign red blood cell antigens
What are the two end-points of blood group testing?
- agglutination
- haemolysin (lysis of the cells)
Why is blood typing more important for cats?
- the majority of cats possess naturally occuring isoantibodies, so if blood typing is not done you may kill the patient with the transfusion
What are the three cat blood groups?
- A- majority of DSH
- B-less common (has a high titre of antibodies against type A)
- AB- uncommon
What blood type system is used for dogs
- Dog erythrocyte antigen system
- DEA 1- DEA 7
*
What dog blood type can typing readily be performed for?
DEA 1.1 antigen as it is the most immunogenic
How many blood factors are there in equine blood
There is a minimum of 34 factors distributed across seven systems
How can horses acquire naturally occuring antibodies?
- Transfusion
- placental exchange
What blood types are frquently identified as triggering immune responses
Anti Aa, Anti Qa
How many blood group factors are found in livestock?
70 blood group factors in 11 groups
How many blood groups are described in sheep and goats?
eight
When would you transfuse?
- Depends upon clinical presentation
- speed of onset of anaemia
- availability of patient care and monitering
How may you identify a suitable donor?
- Weight cut offs for different species
- Screen for blood type
- Screen for infectious organisms
- Check for good general health
What are four ways you can do blood typing?
- In house typing
- Card typing
- Lateral flow strips
- Gel tubes
What is major cross-matching?
Do the donor red cells react to the recipient plasma