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VMS 2005 > Haematopoiesis to Haematogram > Flashcards

Haematopoiesis to Haematogram Flashcards

1
Q

What is Haematopoiesis?

A

The production and development of different blood cell lineages

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2
Q

What blood cell has the highest turnover rate?

A

erythrocytes

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3
Q

Where in the foetus does haematopoesis begin?

A

begins in the yolk sac of the foetus

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4
Q

Where does haematopoiesis shift to mid-gestation?

A

It shifts to the liver and the spleen
then bone marrow/lymphoid organs from mid-gestation onwards

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5
Q

What replaces haematopoietic tissue as an animal ages?

A

Fat

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6
Q

What can bone marrow sampling assess for?

A

Thrombocytopenia and Neutropenia

(Lack of platelets, lack of White Blood Cells)

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7
Q

In what animals can you assess the sternum/ rib for haematopoiesis?

A

Horses/ large animals

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8
Q

What animals have haematopoiesis in the kidneys?

A

Fish

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9
Q

e.g what shape, where is the iron?

How are erythrocytes produced?

A

They are produced in islands with iron in the centre

called an called an erythroblastic island

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10
Q

What are rubriblasts?

A

The first recognisable stage of erythricyte production

deep basophillic cytoplasm with a round nucleus

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11
Q

What are prorubricytes?

A

The second stage of erythrocyte production
they have more nucleus but less cytoplasm

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12
Q

What are rubricytes?

A

The last stage with a nuclues, the chromatin becomes progressively more clumped
develops from basophillic to a mature red

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13
Q

What are polychromatophils?

A

Slightly larger than a mature erythrocyte, they contain no nucleus- more purple in appearance than a mature erythrocyte

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14
Q

What is the principal growth factor of erythrocytes?

A

erythropoietin

produced in the kidney in adults, liver in the foetus

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15
Q

What two stages of erythrocyte production are together called early erythoid

A

Rubriblasts and Prorubricytes

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16
Q

How many days does it take to go from a rubroblast to a metorubricyte?

A

3-5 days

17
Q

What are some examples of inhibitors that inhibit erythropoiesis?

A

TGF-b, TNF-a, IFN-g, IL-6

18
Q

What is a myelocyte?

A

Stage at where it becomes recognisable as to the lineage which the cell will finally differentiate to

has a thick bean shaped nucleus and a high N:C ratio

19
Q

What is a metamyelocyte?

A

Where the cells become smaller in size with each division until they enter the segmented stage (nucleus narrows)

20
Q

What is granulopoiesis?

A

The production of neutrophils, eoisinophils and basophils

21
Q

What is thrombopoiesis

A

Production of thrombocytes/ blood platelets

22
Q

What is the main driver of thrombopoiesis?

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

23
Q

Where does the most production of thrombocytes occur?

A

The liver (endothelial cells)
The kidney and bone marrow stromal cells

24
Q

What are some thrombopoiesis inhibitors?

A
  • PF4, TGF-b, IL-4, TNF-a
25
Q

What is PCV?

A

Packed cell content
centrifugation of a well mixed anticoagulated sample to produce layers
considered to be more reliable than blood smears

26
Q

What is an impedence counter?

A

Use the change in electrical charge generated
by the passage of the cell to allow counting
Different sizes of cells will generate different
change

27
Q

What does an impedence counter produce?

A

It produces an histogram of the distribution cell population

white cell count is usually the most reliable value

28
Q

What is light scatter flow cytometry?

A

Scatters light according to the size, complexity, granularity and diameter of the cell
Produces a chart based on the results

29
Q

How does haemoglobin measurement work?

A

lyse all the red cells and what haemoglobin is left in the sample, then look at the difference between the light put in and the light detected

30
Q

What is non-regenerative anaemia?

A

The bone marrow is unable to produce sufficent new blood cells to replace the ones that die off naturally

31
Q

What is the last stage of an erythrocyte with a nucleus

A

rubricyte

32
Q

What are the promotors for Granulopoiesis?

A

IL-3, GM-CSF, G-CSF

33
Q

What are the stimulants for Thrombopoiesis?

A

IL-6

34
Q

What are the inhibitors for thrombopoiesis?

A
  • PF4, TGF-B, IL-4, TNF- a
35
Q

What does IL-7 increase proliferation of?

A

T cells, B cells, and NK cells

36
Q

What other organs can haematopoiesis occur in mammals?

A

Thymus and spleen

VMS 2005 (33 decks)

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