Pituitary+parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

parathyroid hyperplasia morphology

A

typically multigland, affecting all glands

loss of normal adipocytes, though some fat remains

ssimilar to adenomas, but no rim of normal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

second most common pituitary tumor

presentation

A

Growth hormone cell adenoma

gigantism or acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Asrenocortical adenoma morphology

A

small, encapsulated, unilateral

predominantly fasiculata cells

most are non functional

alveolar architecture and lipid rich cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

parathyroid adenoma morphology

A

typically solitary, unilateral mass

primarily chief cells with islands of oxyphil cells

loss of normal adipocytes within tumor

typically rim of compressed normal parathyroid at periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adrenal cortex morphology - zona fasciculata

A

clear cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pheochromocytoma =

A

neoplasms of adrenal medulla chromafin cells

synthesize and secrete catecholamines > HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pituitary adenoma morpholohy

A

uniform cells in sheets or cords

supporting reticulin network is lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Li-fraumeni syndrome =

inherted cause of

A

inherited cause of adrenocortical carcinoma

mutant p53 alelle

(also breast CA, sarcoma, leukemia, brain CA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

causes of hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary tumors - mass effect

Pituitary adenoma

Cranipharyngioma

Sheenhan Syndrome

Iatrogenic (surgery or radiation)

Rathke Cleft Cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sheehan syndrome

A

pospartum necrosis caused by ischemia or pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

adrenal medulla morphology

A

chromaffin cells with rich vascular network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Conn Syndrome =

A

hyperaldosteronism caused by adrenal cortical adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most common finding in endogenous cushings

A

bilateral hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of hypercortisolism (and mechanism)

A

Cortical atrophy - exogenous gluccocorticoid (dec ACTH)

Bilateral hyperplasia - endogenous hypercortisolism, ZF hyperplasia (inc ACTH)

Adrenocortical adenoma - endogenous secretion of cortisol (ACTH independent)

Adrenocortical carcinoma - (ACTH independent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome =

genetic cause of ___

A

genetic cause of Adrenocortical carcinoma

genomic imprinting of ch11 at WT2 locus

enlargement of body organs or body segments

(also Wilm’s tumor, hepatoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, pancreatic tumors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

relative distribution of primary hyperparathyroidism

Parathyroid adenoma

hyperplasia

carcinoma

A

80% adenoma

15% hyperplasia

5% carcinoma

14
Q

Craniopharyngioma morphology

A

bening suprasellar or sellar tumors arising from Rathke Pouch

nests and cords of squamous columnar cells in loose stroma, often cystic an associated with calcification

14
Q

parathyroid carcinoma morphology

A

firm lesion

adheres to surrounding tissue (infiltration)

very high calcium

dx based on invasion or metatasis

16
Q

Rule of 10s for Pheochromocytoma

A

10% familial (MEN-2A, MEN-2B, type 1 neurofibromatosis, on Hippel Lindau, Sturge Weber)

10% extra adrenal = paragangliomas

10% bilateral

10% malignant - more frequent in extra-adrenal

17
Q

large pituitary tumors can cause

A

bilatemporal hemianopsia

18
Q

pituitary adenomas are classified based on

A

immunohistochemistry stains regardless of fxnl stus

19
Q

pheochromocytoma morphology

A

small nests of zellnallen chromafin cells with rich vascular network

cytoplasm typically granular and basophilic

pleomorphic nuclei

20
Q

adrenocortical hyperplasia morphology

A

bilateral thickening of adrenal cortex

predominantly fasciculata cells

diffuse with relatively even thickening

OR

nodular with multiple bilateral nodules separated by thickened cortex

Fat

22
Q

aside from prolactin cell adenoma, hyperprolactinemia can be associated with

A

Rx (methyl-dopa, reserpine) that interfere with DA

Stalk effect from regional tumors preventing hypothalamic inhibition

pregnancy

24
most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma
25
brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism, morphology
aggregates of osteoclasts, giant cells, and hemorrhagic debris
26
2 cell types of parathyoid gland general morphology
cheif cells oxyphil cell consists of lobules with intervening adipocytes
27
adrenocortical carcinoma is dx by finding
invasion or metastases
28
osteoitisfibrosacystica
caused by hyperparathyroidism cystic lesiosn caused by bone resoprtion leading to thinned cortex and marrow fibrosis with cystic degeneration
29
bone manifestations of hyperparathyroidism result from _____ and include ___ and \_\_\_\_
result from osteoclast activation include osteitisfibrosacystica and brown tumors
31
Rathke cleft cyst
cysts lined by ciliated cuboidal cells with scattered goblet cells and anterior pituitary cells a cause of hypopituitarism
32
adrenocortical carcinoma morphology
large size with invasion lymph node mettases common compact cells, nuclear atypia, necrosis
33
most common pituitary tumor
prolactin cell adenoma