Pigments and other tissue deposits Flashcards
Many pathologic processes are accompanied by accumulations of material either within the cell or within the space
intracellular and extracellular
Pigments and other tissue deposits
✓ lipids accumulation
✓ Glycogen Accumulation
✓ Protein Accumulation
✓ Amyloid and Amyloidosis
✓ endogenous pigments
✓ pathologic calcification
✓ crystals
✓ exogenous pigments
✓ parasite pigments
lipid accumulation, type of lipids which can accumulate
✓ triglycerides
✓ inherited storage disease
✓ cholesterol accumulations
accumulation of lipids in smooth muscle cells and macrophages in walls of arteries
atherosclerosis
seen in skeletal muscle and myocardium (sometimes called muscle steatosis)
adipose (fatty) tissue infiltration
excessive intracellular deposits of glycogen, ie seen with abnormalities of glucose or glycogen metabolism
glycogen accumulation
is the name given to amy substance, intracellular or extracellular, which has a homogeneous, glassy, eosinophilic appearance; the substance is often protein in nature
hyaline
nonspecific term for hyaline material within an arterial wall. the presence of plasma proteins
fibrinoid
result of immunoglobulin accumulating in the cisternae of the RER
“russell bodies” of plasma cells
defects in protein folding can cause intracellular or extracellular accumulations of protein
a. ER stress/ “unfolded protein response”
b. aggregates of misfolded proteins
a pathologic proteinaceous substance which is resistant to proteolysis
amyloid
are insoluble aggregates that result from the self-assembly of abnormally folded proteins
amyloid fibrils
a disorder of protein folding in which normally soluble proteins are deposited as abnormal
Amyloidosis
derived from an acute phase protein called serum amyloid A (SAA) in chronic inflammation
protein AA
derived from immunoglobulin light chains with plasma cell neoplasia.
protein AL
in humans, shar pei dogs, Abyssinian cat
familial amyloid
derived from polypeptide hormones or prohormones in neoplastic or degenerative conditions.
endocrine amyloid
chemical composition of most common forms of amyloid
✓ protein AA
✓ protein AL
✓ familial amyloid
✓ endocrine amyloid
✓ amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease
(colored substances) are those that originate in the animal
endogenous pigments
also known as “wear-and-tear” or “aging” pigment.
lipofuscin
variant of lipofuscin which is acid-fast positive and auto fluorescent
ceroid
insoluble, intracellular, brown-black pigment derived from tyrosine
melanin
an essential trace element
copper
common in sheep because of the reduced biliary excretion of copper in this species
copper toxicity
represents stored iron, recovered from the hemoglobin of destroyed rbc’s
hemosiderin
when a massive accumulation causes cell damage; common in humans, rare in other species
hemochromatosis
end product of heme degradation; mostly from senescent rbc’s via macrophages
bilirubin
bright yellow-brown homogenous pigment occasionally seen at sites of previous hemorrhage
hematoidin
blood+acid
acid hematin
refers to deposition of calcium salts in soft tissues. usually occurs following tissue necrosis
pathologic calcification
types of calcification
✓ dystrophic calcification
✓ metastatic calcification
calcification of injured cells (no hypercalcaemia or other disturbances of calcium homeostasis)
dystrophic calcification
deposition of calcium salts in vital tissues and is always associated with hypercalcaemia
metastatic calcification
term sometimes used for extensive metastatic calcification is called?
calcinosis
is a term that describes widespread of deposition of calcium in tissues of individual treated with a calcium sensitizer
calciphylaxis
plants with high levels of oxalic acid, eg halogeton, rhubarb, greasewood
calcium oxalate
humans: disorder of purine metabolism with hyperuricemia and deposition of urates in tissues
gout
are those that originate outside the body, ie from external environment
exogenous pigments
deposition of carbon particles, into lungs/lymph nodes. given tissue a black discoloration to tissue
anthracosis
deposition of silica dust in the lungs, is a special problem for miners; cause granulomatous pneumonia
silicosis
deposition of asbestos into lung, associated with mesotheliomas and chronic lung injury
asbestosis
exogenous pigments
✓ anthracosis
✓ silicosis
✓ asbestosis
several parasites are commonly associated with pigmented material, eg’s;
✓ pneumonyssus simicola
✓ plasmodia
✓ fascioloides magna
brown to black pigment in the airways of monkeys with lung mites
pneumonyssus simicola
malarial pigment from excretion of catabolized hemoglobin (large deposits in macrophages of spleen and liver)
plasmodia
liver fluke of ruminants: see black discoloration of tissue around bile ducts due to regurgitated iron-porphyrin pigment (“fluke puke”)
fascioloides magna
crystals
✓ calcium oxalate
✓ urates and uric acid
✓ cholesterol clefts
