Pigments and other tissue deposits

Question 1

Many pathologic processes are accompanied by accumulations of material either within the cell or within the space

Answer 1

intracellular and extracellular

Question 2

Pigments and other tissue deposits

Answer 2

✓ lipids accumulation
✓ Glycogen Accumulation
✓ Protein Accumulation
✓ Amyloid and Amyloidosis
✓ endogenous pigments
✓ pathologic calcification
✓ crystals
✓ exogenous pigments
✓ parasite pigments

Question 3

lipid accumulation, type of lipids which can accumulate

Answer 3

✓ triglycerides
✓ inherited storage disease
✓ cholesterol accumulations

Question 4

accumulation of lipids in smooth muscle cells and macrophages in walls of arteries

Answer 4

atherosclerosis

Question 5

seen in skeletal muscle and myocardium (sometimes called muscle steatosis)

Answer 5

adipose (fatty) tissue infiltration

Question 6

excessive intracellular deposits of glycogen, ie seen with abnormalities of glucose or glycogen metabolism

Answer 6

glycogen accumulation

Question 7

is the name given to amy substance, intracellular or extracellular, which has a homogeneous, glassy, eosinophilic appearance; the substance is often protein in nature

Answer 7

hyaline

Question 8

nonspecific term for hyaline material within an arterial wall. the presence of plasma proteins

Answer 8

fibrinoid

Question 9

result of immunoglobulin accumulating in the cisternae of the RER

Answer 9

“russell bodies” of plasma cells

Question 10

defects in protein folding can cause intracellular or extracellular accumulations of protein

Answer 10

a. ER stress/ “unfolded protein response”
b. aggregates of misfolded proteins

Question 11

a pathologic proteinaceous substance which is resistant to proteolysis

Answer 11

amyloid

Question 12

are insoluble aggregates that result from the self-assembly of abnormally folded proteins

Answer 12

amyloid fibrils

Question 13

a disorder of protein folding in which normally soluble proteins are deposited as abnormal

Answer 13

Amyloidosis

Question 14

derived from an acute phase protein called serum amyloid A (SAA) in chronic inflammation

Answer 14

protein AA

Question 15

derived from immunoglobulin light chains with plasma cell neoplasia.

Answer 15

protein AL

Question 16

in humans, shar pei dogs, Abyssinian cat

Answer 16

familial amyloid

Question 17

derived from polypeptide hormones or prohormones in neoplastic or degenerative conditions.

Answer 17

endocrine amyloid

Question 18

chemical composition of most common forms of amyloid

Answer 18

✓ protein AA
✓ protein AL
✓ familial amyloid
✓ endocrine amyloid
✓ amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease

Question 19

(colored substances) are those that originate in the animal

Answer 19

endogenous pigments

Question 20

also known as “wear-and-tear” or “aging” pigment.

Answer 20

lipofuscin

Question 21

variant of lipofuscin which is acid-fast positive and auto fluorescent

Answer 21

ceroid

Question 22

insoluble, intracellular, brown-black pigment derived from tyrosine

Answer 22

melanin

Question 23

an essential trace element

Answer 23

copper

Question 24

common in sheep because of the reduced biliary excretion of copper in this species

Answer 24

copper toxicity

Question 25

represents stored iron, recovered from the hemoglobin of destroyed rbc’s

Answer 25

hemosiderin

Question 26

when a massive accumulation causes cell damage; common in humans, rare in other species

Answer 26

hemochromatosis

Question 27

end product of heme degradation; mostly from senescent rbc’s via macrophages

Answer 27

bilirubin

Question 28

bright yellow-brown homogenous pigment occasionally seen at sites of previous hemorrhage

Answer 28

hematoidin

Question 29

blood+acid

Answer 29

acid hematin

Question 30

refers to deposition of calcium salts in soft tissues. usually occurs following tissue necrosis

Answer 30

pathologic calcification

Question 31

types of calcification

Answer 31

✓ dystrophic calcification
✓ metastatic calcification

Question 32

calcification of injured cells (no hypercalcaemia or other disturbances of calcium homeostasis)

Answer 32

dystrophic calcification

Question 33

deposition of calcium salts in vital tissues and is always associated with hypercalcaemia

Answer 33

metastatic calcification

Question 34

term sometimes used for extensive metastatic calcification is called?

Answer 34

calcinosis

Question 35

is a term that describes widespread of deposition of calcium in tissues of individual treated with a calcium sensitizer

Answer 35

calciphylaxis

Question 36

plants with high levels of oxalic acid, eg halogeton, rhubarb, greasewood

Answer 36

calcium oxalate

Question 37

humans: disorder of purine metabolism with hyperuricemia and deposition of urates in tissues

Answer 37

gout

Question 38

are those that originate outside the body, ie from external environment

Answer 38

exogenous pigments

Question 39

deposition of carbon particles, into lungs/lymph nodes. given tissue a black discoloration to tissue

Answer 39

anthracosis

Question 40

deposition of silica dust in the lungs, is a special problem for miners; cause granulomatous pneumonia

Answer 40

silicosis

Question 41

deposition of asbestos into lung, associated with mesotheliomas and chronic lung injury

Answer 41

asbestosis

Question 42

exogenous pigments

Answer 42

✓ anthracosis
✓ silicosis
✓ asbestosis

Question 43

several parasites are commonly associated with pigmented material, eg’s;

Answer 43

✓ pneumonyssus simicola
✓ plasmodia
✓ fascioloides magna

Question 44

brown to black pigment in the airways of monkeys with lung mites

Answer 44

pneumonyssus simicola

Question 45

malarial pigment from excretion of catabolized hemoglobin (large deposits in macrophages of spleen and liver)

Answer 45

plasmodia

Question 46

liver fluke of ruminants: see black discoloration of tissue around bile ducts due to regurgitated iron-porphyrin pigment (“fluke puke”)

Answer 46

fascioloides magna

Question 47

crystals

Answer 47

✓ calcium oxalate
✓ urates and uric acid
✓ cholesterol clefts