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General Veterinary Pathology > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

occurs when a group of cells becomes free of normal growth control mechanisms, grows without regard for the normal structural and functional aspects of a tissue or an organ and excessive growth becomes autonomous

A

neoplasia

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2
Q

neoplasia literally means?

A

new growth

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3
Q

called as tissue growth

A

neoplasm

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4
Q

an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissues, and persist in the same excessive manner after cessation
of the stimulusthat evoked the
change.

A

neoplasm

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5
Q

three important features of neoplasm;

A

• it is an excessive tissue growth
• it lacks responsiveness to
control mechanisms
• it lacks continued dependence
on the stimulus that initiated it

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6
Q

abnormal mass of tissue due to an increase in the number of constituent cells

A

hyperplasia

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7
Q

retrogressive change that is reversible and is responsive to growth control
mechanisms

A

hyperplasia

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8
Q

is a form of pathological hyperplasia

A

neoplasia

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9
Q

where thought to be a malady of a
mysterious cause

A

neoplasm

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10
Q

the external appearance of which seemed to be being eaten away by small crabs. This observation led to the naming of the condition as?

A

cancer

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11
Q

the term cancer has been associated with?

A

malignant neoplasm

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12
Q

is a tissue swelling or mass that may or may not be neoplasm

A

tumor

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13
Q

Common usage of the word tumor, however, comes to mean?

A

neoplasm

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14
Q

is the study of neoplasia

A

oncology

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15
Q

this word oncology is the basis of?

A

oncogenesis and oncogenic

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16
Q

relate to the induction of neoplasia

A

oncogenesis and oncogenic

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17
Q

Information on cell growth control
mechanisms was derived from?

A

cell culture

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18
Q

When normal cells are grown
in vitro, they spread out to form a
single sheet of cells which called?

A

cell monolayer

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19
Q

Growth ceases when the cells reach a
certain population density where they remain quiescent but healthy. This
mechanism is called?

A

density-dependent inhibition or contact inhibition for growth

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20
Q

governed by chemical messengers

A

chalones

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21
Q

grow in haphazard fashion, piling up into multiple layers,and tend to grow
until they have exhausted the culture media, with less responsiveness to density dependent inhibition.

A

neoplastic cells

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22
Q

When normal cells, as influenced by some factors, loses their innate characteristics and become neoplastic cells, the process is known as?

A

neoplastic transformation

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23
Q

Morphologically, transformed cells
exhibit the following characteristics:

A

1) May or may not resemble their
cell origin
2) Presents increased nucleus to
cytoplasmic ratio, the nuclei being
enlarged, hyperchromatic and may be multinucleated
3) Chromosomes may present mitotic figures
4) They lack orientation to adjacent cells;
5) Decreased rough endoplasmic
reticulum and increased free
ribosomes.

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24
Q

Besides morphological changes,
transformed cells exhibit the
following characteristics:

A

✓ transplant ability
✓ immortality
✓ tumorigenicity
✓ antigenic changes
✓ karyotypic changes
✓ biochemical changes

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25
Q

will grow in tissue culture or in syngeneic host

A

transplantability

26
Q

will divide and replicate indefinitely provided that nutrients required for growth are present

A

immortality

27
Q

forms tumors or tissue masses in syngeneic host

A

tumorigenicity

28
Q

presents altered surface antigens

A

antigenic changes

29
Q

although the observed karyotypic
changes arerarely characteristic of
any one tumor, chromosomal damage or alterationin base pairs may be basic to the induction of neoplasm

A

karyotypic changes

30
Q

neoplastic cells contains;

A

✓ less cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
✓ more cyclic guanosine
monophosphate (cGMP)

31
Q

Based on the tissue origin, the
neoplasm could be?

A

epithelial or mesenchymal

32
Q

derived from one embryonic germ
layer

A

mixed neoplasm

33
Q

example of mixed neoplasm

A

mammary gland tumors in dogs

34
Q

a neoplasm containing tissue derived
from more than one germ layer, and
may contain any number of tissues of
any type, including bone, skin, nervous tissue, muscle, hair and others.

A

teratoma

35
Q

describes those that are relatively
inoffensive, grow slowly by expansion, are circumscribed, does not undergo
metastasis

A

benign neoplasm

36
Q

refers to those that are aggressive and potentially life threatening.

A

malignant neoplasm

37
Q

benign neoplasm derived from fibroblast

A

fibroma

38
Q

Benign neoplasms derived from
glandular epithelia

A

adenomas

39
Q

“adenoma” is nonspecific, the tissue origin is usually named;

A

✓ adenoma of sweat gland
✓ thyroid gland adenoma
✓ adrenal cortex adenoma

40
Q

it forms cystic cavitations

A

cystadenoma

41
Q

is one that forms branching finger-like projections into the lumen

A

papillary adenoma

42
Q

one derived from ducts

A

ductural adenoma

43
Q

arenneoplasms growing at the surfaces

A

polyps or papilloma

44
Q

Malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin

A

sarcoma

45
Q

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin

A

carcinoma

46
Q

form solid patters, and thosethat form recognizable ducts; tubules or acini

A

adenocarcinoma

47
Q

example of adenocarcinoma

A

✓ squamous cell carcinoma
✓ adenocarcinoma of sweat glands

48
Q

neoplasms fail to mimic their tissue origin sufficiently for them to be recognized

A

poorly differentiated sarcoma or carcinoma

49
Q

refers to the degree by which they
resemblemorphologically and
functionally the tissues from which
they originate

A

neoplastic cell differentiation

50
Q

are usually well differentiated such that they resemble the tissue oforigin both cytologically and architecturally

A

benign neoplasm

51
Q

vary greatly in the degree of differentiation, and they usually exhibit anaplasia

A

malignant neoplasm

52
Q

the failure of cells to differentiate pr loss differentiation

A

anaplasia

53
Q

is one of the hallmark’s and the most important morphologic feature of malignancy

A

anaplasia

54
Q

anaplastic cells usually exhibit __________ where their nuclei become large, hyperchromatic or vesicular

A

pleomorphism

55
Q

retain the functional characteristics of the parent tissue, such that even their functional activity is intact

A

well-differentiated neoplasms

56
Q

Functional activity is in fact one of the basis on which the origin of neoplasms may be know;

A

✓ melanomas produce melanin
✓ osteosarcomas produce osteoid
✓ adenocarcinoma of thyroid produce colloid

57
Q

grow at a rapid rate than normal germinal cells, and may imply that neoplastic cells divide at a more rapid rate than normal tissue, which is not the case

A

malignant neoplasm

58
Q

what determines the growth rate of tissue?

A

✓ length of the mitotic cycle
✓ growth fraction
✓ rate of cell loss through necrosis and apoptosis

59
Q

in many cells, full differentiation precludes further ________

A

mitotic division

60
Q

contains a high proportion of cells unable to divide and so grow slowly

A

benign neoplasm

61
Q

contain many cells in the growth fraction and usually grows at a more rapid rate.

A

malignant neoplasm

General Veterinary Pathology (23 decks)

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