Neoplasia and Immunity

Question 1

major in histocompatibility antigens (MHC)

Answer 1

tumor-specific transplantation antigens

Question 2

the TSTA’s of tumors produced by chemical carcinogens are called?

Answer 2

private antigens

Question 3

evoke transplantation immunity only against the same tumor and not against different tumors produced by the same carcinogen.

Answer 3

private antigens

Question 4

Kind of Tumors

Answer 4

✓ papilloma(s)
✓ adenomas
✓ polyp
✓ hemangiomas
✓ lymphosarcoma
✓ leukemia
✓ myelogenous leukemia

Question 5

usually occur on skin and may have a variety of forms from pedunculated to flat, smooth or villous

Answer 5

papilloma(s)

Question 6

occur in glands

Answer 6

adenomas

Question 7

example of adenomas

Answer 7

✓ circumanal gland adenoma
✓ sebaceous gland adenoma
✓ mammary gland adenoma
✓ thyroid gland adenoma

Question 8

a smooth, spherical or membranous mass projecting on a mucosal surface; maybe broad-based or pedunculated

Answer 8

polyp

Question 9

example of polyp

Answer 9

✓ nasal polyp
✓ rectal polyp

Question 10

a common group of epithelial tumors in dogs is the basal cell group- derived from the basal layer of the squamous epithelium

Answer 10

✓ sweat gland adenoma
✓ sebaceous gland adenoma
✓ hair follicle tumor (trichoepithelioma)

Question 11

common in the skin of dogs

Answer 11

hemangiomas

Question 12

the proper term of malignant tumor of lymphocytes

Answer 12

lymphosarcoma

Question 13

malignant tumor of lymphocytes has been called various names such as;

Answer 13

leukemia, leukosis, lymphoma, malignant lymphoma, and lymphomatosis

Question 14

malignancy usually involving the granulocytic group and may also involve the red cells and the megakaryocytes

Answer 14

myelogenous leukemia

Question 15

are the proper terms that can be used when non-specificity of lesion raising from the bone marrow is described

Answer 15

reticuloendotheliosis and myeloproliferative

Question 16

is the common descriptive term used for usually or greatly enlarged organ

Answer 16

abnormal mass

Question 17

ulcerated lesion particularly on body surfaces

Answer 17

persistent nonhealing ulcerating lesion

Question 18

gross description of tumors

Answer 18

✓ abnormal mass
✓ persistent nonhealing ulcerating lesion

Question 19

microscopic description

Answer 19

✓ sheet of cells
✓ acinar arrangement
✓ nest of cells
✓ palisading
✓ tubular arrangement

Question 20

term that is used to described a monotous pattern of masses of cells with similar appearance

Answer 20

sheets of cells

Question 21

characterized by cells forming or attempting to form acinar units

Answer 21

acinar arrangements

Question 22

are typical of endocrine tumors in which a clump or nest of cells is surrounded by a narrowband of connective tissue stroma

Answer 22

nest of cells

Question 23

occur when cells line up in a picket fence type arrangement along a strand of connective tissue, such as in the testicular interstitial cell tumor

Answer 23

palisading or trabecular patterns

Question 24

occur when a single, double or finger-like projection of tumor cells invade surrounding tissue.

Answer 24

tubular arrangement

Question 25

when there is little apparent stroma, stromal arrangements may be described as?

Answer 25

✓ scant ✓ locular ✓ scirrhous

Question 26

terminologies for sarcomas

Answer 26

✓ solid or loose arrangement ✓ whorls ✓ sheets ✓ localized around blood vessels ✓ spindly cells ✓ fleshy cells ✓ well or poorly-differentiated ✓ monotonous ✓ variable

Question 27

four main mechanisms for the spread of tumors

Answer 27

✓ by infiltration ✓ by spreading via blood vessels ✓ by spreading via the lymphatics ✓ by implantation

Question 28

two theories on the success of metastasis

Answer 28

✓ the soil theory ✓ the mechanical theory

Question 29

this theory states that a tumor must find "suitable soil" for its growth requirements before it will survive as a metastatic nodule

Answer 29

the soil theory

Question 30

this theory states that the tumor wil grow wherever it lands, and only mechanical factors and chance influence sites of metastases.

Answer 30

the mechanical theory

Question 31

Methods of tumor diagnosis

Answer 31

✓ histologic examination ✓ immunocytochemical examination ✓ DNA probe analysis and DNA flow cytometry ✓ tumor marker detection

Question 32

tumor marker detection

Answer 32

✓ alpha fetal globulin ✓ carcinoembryonic antigen

Question 33

- detected in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma - abnormal antigen detected in blood of patient with neoplastic condition - produce by fetal hepatocytes but normally disappears late in fetal life.

Answer 33

alpha fetal globulin

Question 34

- widely used for cancer detection particularly in respiratory and gastrointestinal tumors - normally made by intestinal epithelium in fetal life appear in adult life in of tumor

Answer 34

carcinoembryonic antigen

Question 35

are genes whose products are associated with neoplastic transformation.

Answer 35

oncogenes

Question 36

are normally cellular genes that affect growth and differentiation

Answer 36

proto-oncogenes (proto-oncs)

Question 37

proto-oncs can be converted into oncogenes by;

Answer 37

✓ v-oncs ✓ c-oncs

Question 38

v-oncs

Answer 38

viral oncogenes

Question 39

c-oncs

Answer 39

cellular oncogenes

Question 40

treatment of tumors

Answer 40

✓ by surgery ✓ by irradiation ✓ by chemotherapy