Physiology of the respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Air pressure at altitude

A

-higher altitude pressure drops
-lower altitude pressure increases
-sea level air pressure= 760mmHg= 1 atm

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2
Q

Boyles law

A

-applies to containers with flexible walls eg. thoracic cage
-volume and pressure are inversely related

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3
Q

Dalton’s law

A

-applies to mixture of gases
-pressure exerted of each gas is proportional to the percentage of that gas in the total mixture
eg. O2= 21% of atmosphere
0.21 x 760 mmHg= 159.6 mmHg of O2 at sea level

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4
Q

Henry’s law

A

-deals gases and solutions
-increasing partial pressure of gas over solution will result in more of the gas dissolving into the solution

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5
Q

Pulmonary ventilation
definition and how it works

A

-movement of air between the atmosphere and alveoli
-made possible by changes in intrathoracic volume

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6
Q

External respiration

A

gas exchange between alveoli and blood

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7
Q

Internal respiration

A

gas exchange between capillaries and body tissues

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8
Q

What is the primary muscle of respiration

A

diaphragm

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9
Q

3 factors that affect the ease we ventilate

A
  1. surface tension of alveolar fluid
  2. High lung compliance- how well the lungs inflate and chest expands
  3. larger diameter of airway, therefore lower resistance
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10
Q

Poiseuilles law

A

If bronchioles dilate a little, resistance drops by the power of 4

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11
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of air inspired during normal quiet breathing (500ml)

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12
Q

Inspiration reserve volume

A

Volume inspired during a deep inspiration (3100ml- dependent on height and gender)

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13
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Volume expired during forced exhalation (1200ml)

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14
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Volume expired during forced exhalation (1200ml)

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15
Q

Vital capacity

A

all the air that can be exhaled after max inspiration
sun of inspiration reserve, tidal volume, expiratory reserve

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16
Q

Residual volume

A

air present in lungs after force exhalation (1200ml)

17
Q

Measuring ventilation

A

-70% of tidal volume reaches respiratory zone
-30% remains in conducting zone
If tidal vol = 500ml only 350ml makes respiratory zone

18
Q

Nitrogen and why doesn’t dissolev into blood

A

-most air we breathe is N2, very little dissolves into blood because of low solubility

19
Q

Transport of O2

A

-in blood some O2 dissolved in plasma, 1.5%
-most carried by Hb as oxyhaemoglobin

20
Q

Transport CO2

A

-7% dissolved in plasma
-70% converted carbonic acid
-23% attached to Hb (dif binding sites to O2)

21
Q

Normal pulse oximetry reading

A

94-98%

22
Q

Graph that shows oxygen saturation

A

oxygen-haemoglobin saturation curve
-higher PO2 dissolved in plasma, the lower SpO2 (saturation Hb) as oxygen will be off loaded from the Hb and dissolve into plasma

23
Q

Control of respiration

A

-Medulla rhythmicity area in brainstem control inspiration and expiration
-Inspiratory centre stimulates the diaphragm via phrenic nerve
-Exhalation is passive process caused elastic recoil lungs
-Forced exhalation- stimulate interna intercostal muscles and abdominals
-Pneumotaxic centre- limit inspiration to prevent hyper expansion
-Apneustic centre
coordinates the transition
between inhalation and exhalation