Integumentary system

Question 1

Organs involved in integumentary system

Answer 1

-skin and accessory structures eg. hair, nails, glands

Question 2

6 functions skin

Answer 2

-reg body temp
-blood reservoir (8-10%)
-protection (infection and dehydration)
-cutaneous sensations (touch)
-excretion and absorption (topical medication= creams or patches on skin)
-synthesis of vitamin D

Question 3

Components integumentary system

Answer 3

-epidermis- thin layer, epithelial
-dermis- thicker layer
-subcutaneous layer- attaches skin to organs

Question 4

4 types cells in skin

Answer 4

-keratinocytes (90%) produce keratin, tough fibrous protein
-melanocytes produce melanin which protects from UV radiation
-langerhan cells involved in immune responses, from red bone marrow
-merkel cells function in the sensation of touch along with tactile discs

Question 5

Layers of epidermis
Deep to superficial

Answer 5

Deepest:
-Stratum basale- continuous cell division occurs
-stratum spinosum- 8-10 layers keratinocytes
-stratum granulosum
-stratum lucidum- only present in thick skin
-stratum corneum- sublayers of flat dead keratinocytes

Question 6

Dermis

Answer 6

-composed connective tissue
-contains collagen and elastic fibres

Question 7

Layers dermis

Answer 7

-Outer papillary region- areolar connective tissue containing collagen, elastic fibres, dermal papillae, corpuscles of touch and free nerve endings
-Deeper reticular region- dense irregular connective tissue containing adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous (oil)
glands, and sudoriferous (sweat) glands

Question 8

Subcutaneous layer

Answer 8

-also known as hypodermis
-not part skin but connects skin to organs/ tissues

Question 9

Accessory structures skin

Answer 9

hair- protection, reduce heat loss, sense light touch
skin glands
nails

Question 10

Sebaceous glands

Answer 10

-connected hair follicles
-secrete sebum which prevents dehydration and inhibit growth bacteria

Question 11

2 types sudoriferous (sweat) glands

Answer 11

eccrine- help cool body by evaporation
apocrine-excretory ducts open into hair follicles during stress etc.

Question 12

Ceruminous glands

Answer 12

-modified sweat glands
-in ear canal
-involved producing wax= cerumen

Question 13

2 major types skin

Answer 13

-thin (hairy) skin- covers all body except palms and soles
-thick (hairless) skin- covers palms and soles

Question 14

Effects of aging on skin

Answer 14

-wrinkling
-decrease of skin’s immune responsiveness
-dehydration and cracking of skin
-decreased sweat production
-decreased no. functional melanocytes resulting grey hair etc
-reduction subcutaneous fat
-decrease in skin thickness
-increased susceptibility to pathological conditions
-growth hair and nails decrease or become more brittle