Adaptive immunity and the purpose of immunity

Question 1

Specificity-

Answer 1

response directed by one antigen and no others

Question 2

Memory-

Answer 2

makes subsequent exposures faster and more powerful if exposed the same antigen again

Question 3

B lymphocytes
Produced, mature, type immunity, how they work

Answer 3

-produced and mature in bone marrow
-produce antibodies
-antibody mediated immunity (humoral response)
-humoral response- target extracellular pathogens, can’t help once cells have become infected
-less mobile than T cells
-recognise and bind antigen on pathogen not antigen presenting cell
-once bound and with help of T helper cells, B cell divide

Question 4

T lymphocytes
produced, mature, type immunity, how they work

Answer 4

-produced bone marrow, mature in thymus gland
-only react to specific antigen
-cell mediated immunity
-can’t be activated by extracellular antigen
-needs to be presented by APC
-once bound with presented antigen T lymphocyte is activated
-stimulates division of T lymphocyte producing specialised T cells

Question 5

2 types of B lymphocytes

Answer 5

plasma cells
memory B cells

Question 6

Types of T lymphocytes

Answer 6

1. helper T cells
2. cytotoxic T cells
3. memory T cell
4. suppressor T cell

Question 7

Helper T cells

Answer 7

-bind to MHC2 on phagocyte or B cells
-attracts macrophages with cytokines
-stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes
-stimulates B lymphocytes to release antibodies

Question 8

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Answer 8

-bind to abnormal cells by MHC1 and destroy them eg. infected cells
-release powerful toxins that break cell membrane down

Question 9

Memory T lymphocytes

Answer 9

-long lived, provide immunity to antigen
-next response is faster

Question 10

Suppressor T lymphocytes

Answer 10

-turn off immune response once threat has been dealt with

Question 11

4 Types of immunity

Answer 11

-Natural active- antibodies developed in response to infection
-Artificial active- antibodies developed in response to vaccination
-Natural passive- antibodies received from mother through breast milk
-Artificial passive- antibodies received form medicine

Question 12

Humoral immunity

Answer 12

-adaptive immune defence depending on the action of antibodies in the extracellular space

Question 13

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 13

-adaptive immune defence in which foreign cells are destroyed by T cells