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NE Exam 3 > Physiology of Taste and Olfaction > Flashcards

Physiology of Taste and Olfaction Flashcards

1
Q

Activation of a taste cell by a sweet tastant results in the release of what?

A

ATP

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2
Q

What elicit the sensation of bitter taste?

A

Alkaloids

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3
Q

Which taste sensation is the most sensitive (has lowest stimulation threshold)?

A

Bitter

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4
Q

Is the olfactory system routed through specific nuclei of the thalamus?

A

No

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5
Q

What is responsible for identifying the discriminative aspects of taste?

A

VPM nucleus of thalamus

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6
Q

What brain regions integrates the emotional response to an odor?

A

Periamygdaloid cortex

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7
Q

What ion is salty food evoked by?

A

Na+

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8
Q

What channel does sodium go through in from salty foods?

A

Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)

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9
Q

What does salty taste evoke the secretion of?

A

Serotonin

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10
Q

What will elicit the sensation of sour taste?

A

Hydrogen ions

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11
Q

What does sour taste evoke the secretion of?

A

Serotonin

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12
Q

What does sweet, bitter, umami tastes evoke the secretion of?

A

ATP

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13
Q

Where is the location of smell neurons?

A

Olfactory epithelium

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14
Q

Where is the location of taste neurons?

A

Taste buds

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15
Q

In central processing for smell, what is the relay station to ipsi and contralateral cortices?

A

Anterior olfactory nucleus

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16
Q

What is the center for control of appetite and how olfactory input influences appetite and hunger?

A

Piriform cortex and lateral hypothalamus

17
Q

What is the center for integration of sight, smell and taste of food. Along with appreciation of the flavor of food?

A

Piriform cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex

18
Q

What is the center for emotional learning, olfactory fear conditioning?

A

Anterior cortical amygdaloid nuclei

19
Q

What is the center for integration of the emotional aspect of food as elicited by odor?

A

Periamygdaloid cortex

20
Q

What is the center for memory formation and how olfactory input facilitates both memory and recall and is responsible for the experience of memory upon oder sensation?

A

Entorhinal and hippocampus

21
Q

What is the center for early site of gustatory and visceral info and receives multiple sensory inputs form vagus nerve. Reflex circuits forms basis for salivary secretions, mimetic responses and swallowing?

A

Nucleus of the solitary tract

22
Q

What is the relay station for taste perception and the discriminative aspects of taste are processed here?

A

Ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus

23
Q

What do the insular taste cortex, operculum of frontal lobe, and postcentral gyrus make up?

A

Gustatory cortex

24
Q

What is the center for affective aspects of eating, emotional context to eating, memories of eating, along with the integration of mechanisms of eating such as hunger?

A

Hypothalamus and amygdala

25
Q

What is the center for integrating visual, somatosensory, olfaction and gustatory stimuli to collectibely appreactie the flavor of food?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

26
Q

In the role of olfaction, what binds odorants and increases specificity of the signal?

A

Olfactory mucosa

27
Q

In the role of olfaction, this is the only sensory modality that does not relay through the thalamus?

A

VPM of thalamus

28
Q

In the role of gustation, what integrates homeostatic mechanism like hunger?

A

Hypothalamus

29
Q

In the role of gustation, what deals with emotianl and affective context of eating?

A

Amygdala

30
Q

Compression of what can explain food not tasting the same as it used to?

A

Olfactory bulb

31
Q

How can coating an oral sucrose solution coated upon a pacifier act as a method of analgesia for infants?

A

Sweet tastants stimulate the endogenous opoid system

32
Q

What is the mechanism by which bitter compounds in drinks containing sodium salts (masking agents) are masked?

A

Suppression of bitter taste at the level of the taste receptor

33
Q

What explains why a small sip rather than a big gulp can reveal bitter tastes of a kale green smoothie?

A

The high binding affinity of bitter tastants to their GPCR

34
Q

What happens to gustatory sensitivity with age?

A

It decreases

NE Exam 3 (20 decks)

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