Physiology of Taste and Olfaction Flashcards
Activation of a taste cell by a sweet tastant results in the release of what?
ATP
What elicit the sensation of bitter taste?
Alkaloids
Which taste sensation is the most sensitive (has lowest stimulation threshold)?
Bitter
Is the olfactory system routed through specific nuclei of the thalamus?
No
What is responsible for identifying the discriminative aspects of taste?
VPM nucleus of thalamus
What brain regions integrates the emotional response to an odor?
Periamygdaloid cortex
What ion is salty food evoked by?
Na+
What channel does sodium go through in from salty foods?
Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)
What does salty taste evoke the secretion of?
Serotonin
What will elicit the sensation of sour taste?
Hydrogen ions
What does sour taste evoke the secretion of?
Serotonin
What does sweet, bitter, umami tastes evoke the secretion of?
ATP
Where is the location of smell neurons?
Olfactory epithelium
Where is the location of taste neurons?
Taste buds
In central processing for smell, what is the relay station to ipsi and contralateral cortices?
Anterior olfactory nucleus
What is the center for control of appetite and how olfactory input influences appetite and hunger?
Piriform cortex and lateral hypothalamus
What is the center for integration of sight, smell and taste of food. Along with appreciation of the flavor of food?
Piriform cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex
What is the center for emotional learning, olfactory fear conditioning?
Anterior cortical amygdaloid nuclei
What is the center for integration of the emotional aspect of food as elicited by odor?
Periamygdaloid cortex
What is the center for memory formation and how olfactory input facilitates both memory and recall and is responsible for the experience of memory upon oder sensation?
Entorhinal and hippocampus
What is the center for early site of gustatory and visceral info and receives multiple sensory inputs form vagus nerve. Reflex circuits forms basis for salivary secretions, mimetic responses and swallowing?
Nucleus of the solitary tract
What is the relay station for taste perception and the discriminative aspects of taste are processed here?
Ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus
What do the insular taste cortex, operculum of frontal lobe, and postcentral gyrus make up?
Gustatory cortex
What is the center for affective aspects of eating, emotional context to eating, memories of eating, along with the integration of mechanisms of eating such as hunger?
Hypothalamus and amygdala
