Neurophysiology of emotion part 2 Flashcards
The circuits that allow us to experience an emotion are the same circuits that?
Allow us to identify that emotion in others
The ability to recognize the same emotions in others is the result of?
Activation of the mirror neuron system
Mirror neuron systems will fire when?
Both when you do something such as smile and when you see someone else do that same action
Damage to the mirror neuron system has been reported in what?
Autism
What is innate (unconditioned) fear?
Fear that requires no experience
What are the most frequently cited types of innate fears?
Falling and loud noises
What is learned (conditioned) fear?
Learned from experience
How can learned fear be indirect?
Watching someone else experience a frightening thing can cause the same reaction in you
Processing and recognition of social cues related to fear is due to what structure?
Amygdala
The sensory inputs used to create fear arrive at the amygdala by two pathways, which pathway mediates a rapid response?
The direct thalamo-amygdaloid pathway which goes from thalamus to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala
The sensory inputs used to create fear arrive at the amygdala by two pathways, which pathway mediates a later response?
The indirect thalamo-cortico-amygdaloid pathway which goes from thalamus to cortex to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala
Both rapid and later response pathways inputs arrive at?
Lateral nucleus of amygdala
If a person is given an electric shock after hearing a sound, what integrates these inputs and pairs them?
Lateral nucleus of amygdala
Where does the paired info from the lateral nucleus of amygdala get sent to?
What happens to the paired info?
1) The basal and intercalated nuclei of amygdala
2) Gets stronger
Paired info from the lateral, basal, and intercalated nuclei is sent to?
Central nucleus of the amygdala
What does the central nucleus of the amygdala do?
Decides what responses are required and relays info appropriately to other parts of brain
What part of the brain gets majority of the info from the central nucleus of the amygdala?
Hypothalamus
What is damaged when conditioning related to fear does not occur?
Amygdala
What structure is anger mediated through?
Amygdala
What is anger most likely to be associated with?
Fear
What does anger require in order to happen?
Dopamine acting D2 receptors within the amygdala
If you block the D2 receptors what happens?
Anger cannot be recognized
What is the neocortex important in?
Inhibiting anger
The ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and Septal nuclei are involved in what?
Suppressing the acting out of anger (not the actual experience of anger)
What is designed to do the opposite of the pleasure/reward pathway?
Avoidance
Avoidance prevents the occurrence of a behavior that has?
Short term rewards but long-term negative consequences
What structures work together to create avoidance?
1) Lateral posterior hypothalamus
2) Dorsal midbrain
3) Entorhinal cortex
Sadness is involved with what structure?
Anterior cingulate cortex
When is the anterior cingulate cortex strongly activated?
When recalling sad events
The processing and recognition of social cues related to disgust is involved with what structure?
1) Insular Cortex
2) Putamen
What can cause damage to the putamen leading to the inability to recognize disgust in others?
Huntington’s disease
Surprise is strongly associated with what structure?
Parahippocampal gyrus
