Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NE Exam 3 > Hypothalamus and Limbic System > Flashcards

Hypothalamus and Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus?

A

Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the rostral/anterior boundary of the hypothalamus?

A

Optic chaism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the caudal/posterior boundary of the hypothalamus?

A

Tegmentum and PAG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The hypothalamus forms the floor and ventral walls of?

A

3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The hypothalamus continues inferiorly through?

A

Infundibular stalk with posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What forms the posterior part of the hypothalamus and are adjacent to the cerebral peduncles?

A

Mammillary bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the floor of the hypothalamus and are small swellings between the mammillary bodies and the optic chiasm and tract?

A

Tuber cinereum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What arises from the tuber cinereum and narrows into the infundibulum and attaches to pituitary gland?

A

Median eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the area immediately adjacent to the 3rd ventricle and blends with PAG?

A

Periventricular zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What divides the remainder of hypothalamus into medial and lateral zones?

A

Fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the characteristic of neurons within the lateral zone?

A

They are diffusely arranged and do not have solid boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If you lesion the lateral zone what occurs?

A

Decrease in feeding behavior resulting in weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the median forebrain bundle located?

A

Lateral zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nuclei release oxytocin?

ADH?

A

1) Paraventricular nucleus

2) Supraoptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nuclei are critical for posterior pituitary regulatory function?

A

Supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens if you lesion the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus?

A

1) Diabetes insipidus
2) Increase in H2O intake
3) Increase urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nucleus is in the supraoptic region and receives retinal input and is involved in circadian rhythms?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens if you lesion the Suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A

May modify or abolish circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nucleus is in the supraoptic region and does a range of visceral/somatic functions such as temperature regulation?

A

Anterior nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What nucleus is in the posterior region and receives afferents from the hippocampus via the fornix and sends efferents to the thalamus and brainstem?

A

Medial mammillary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lesion to the medial mammillary nucleus results in what?

A

Inability to process short term events into long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What nucleus is in the tuberal region and is considered to be a satiety center?

A

Ventromedial nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens if you lesion the ventromedial nucleus?

A

Excessive eating and abnormal weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What nucleus is in the tuberal region and subserves functions of emotional behavior?

A

Dorsomedial nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Stimulation of the dorsomedial nucleus in animal models can cause?

A

Sham rage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What happens if you lesion the dorsomedial nucleus?

A

Decrease in aggression and feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What arteries serve the preoptic area and supraoptic region, septal nuclei, and rostral portion of lateral hypothalamic area?

A

Branches from anterior communication and A1 of ACA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What artery serves the tuberal region?

A

Rostral portion of posterior communicating artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What artery serves the mammillary region?

A

Caudal parts of posterior communicating artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What afferent arises from the subiculum and hippocampus and is the largest single input to the hypothalamus?

A

Fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What afferent interconnects septal nuclei, hypothalamus, and midbrain tegmentum while also coursing through lateral hypothalamic zone?

A

Medial forebrain bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The mammillary fasciculus bifurcates into what tracts?

A

Mammillothalamic and mammillotegmental tracts

33
Q

What projects to the anterior nucleus of thalamus and is an important part of circuit of Papez?

A

Mammillothalamic tract

34
Q

What targets brainstem nuclei in the tegmental areas?

A

Mammillotegmental tract

35
Q

What efferents come from the lateral preoptic area and project to dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus and amygdaloid nucleus?

A

Hypothalamothalamic fibers

36
Q

What fibers are direct links to the ANS and go to the solitary nucleus, dorsal vagal motor nucleus, and nucleus ambiguus?

A

Hypothalamomedullary fibers

37
Q

What fibers are direct links to the ANS and go to the intermediolateral cell column (GVE preganglinoics)?

A

Hypothalamospinal fibers

38
Q

A lesion where will disrupt the Hypothalamomedullary and Hypothalamospinal fibers?

A

Anterolateral medulla

39
Q

A lesion in the anterolateral medulla results in?

A

Sympathetic outflow to face and head (Horner’s) or to the body

40
Q

What fibers are indirect links to the ANS and target the PAG?

A

Posterior longitudinal fasciculus and mammillotegmental tract

41
Q

What do posterior longitudinal fasciculus and mammillotegmental tract influence?

A

Autonomic nuclei in the brainstem

42
Q

What tract is made up of axons of neurons in supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus and travels to the posterior pituitary?

A

Supraopticohypophyseal tract

43
Q

Supraopticohypophyseal tract is involved in the release of what?

A

Oxytocin and ADH

44
Q

Where is oxytocin and ADH stored?

Released?

A

1) Herring bodies

2) Capillary plexus of posterior pituitary

45
Q

What tract has inputs from neurons located in periventricular zone and paraventricular neuron and travels to the anterior pituitary?

A

Tuberoinfundibular tract

46
Q

The Tuberoinfundibular tract conveys releasing hormones to?

A

Median eminence and infundibulum

47
Q

The activity of what nucleus opposes drive for sleep and is essential for timing of rest vs activity?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

48
Q

Circadian gene products indirectly control?

A

Melatonin secretion from pineal gland

49
Q

When does melatonin secretion increase?

Decrease?

A

1) Prior to sleep

2) Waking up

50
Q

What does the hippocampal formation include?

A

1) Hippocampus
2) Subiculum
3) Entorhinal cortex
4) Dentate gyrus

51
Q

What is the translational area between hippocampus and entorhinal cortex?

A

Subiculum

52
Q

What is the afferent pathway of the hippocampal formation?

A

Dentate gyrus –> CA3 –> CA1 –> Subiculum

53
Q

What is the efferent pathway of hippocampal formation?

A

Subiculum to fornix

54
Q

In the efferent pathway of hippocampal formation what does the fornix target?

A

1) Medial mammillary nucleus
2) Ventromedial nucleus
3) Anterior nucleus

55
Q

The cingulate gyrus receives afferents from?

It projects to?

A

1) Thalamus and cortex

2) Entorhinal cortex via cingulum

56
Q

What efferent projections of the amygdala has outputs to the hypothalamus and basal ganglia to permit motor behavioral responses?

A

Stria terminalis

57
Q

What efferent projections of the amygdala has major efferent fiber bundle with two general trajectories to the hypothalamus and septal nuclei and then to the brainstem?

A

Ventral amygdalofugal pathway

58
Q

What is the Papez circuit pathway?

A

Cingulate gyrus –> Hippocampal formation–> Fornix –> Medial mammillary nuclei –> Anterior nucleus of thalamus –> Cingulate gyrus

59
Q

What structure is the small area just rostral to the anterior commissure thought to control of rage behavior?

A

Septal region

60
Q

What structure consist of dopaminergic fibers that runs rostrocaudally through the lateral hypothalamic area?

A

Medial forebrain bundle

61
Q

What is the major conduit for septal nuclei and hypothalamus to communicate with the brainstem?

A

Medial forebrain bundle

62
Q

What structure is located in the rostral and ventral forebrain, receives input from amygdala and hippocampus, and plays an important role in behaviors related to addiction and chronic pain?

A

Nucleus Accumbens

63
Q

What does the ventral tegmental area contain?

A

Large amounts of dopaminergic neurons

64
Q

What structure has efferents to nucleus accumbens that play an important role in reward and motivation and may contribute to addiction?

A

Ventral tegmental area

65
Q

What leads to hippocampal amnesia?

A

Bilateral lesions of hippocampi

66
Q

What is the deficit in hippocampal amnesia?

A

Anterograde episodic memory (cannot learn new material)

67
Q

What is spared in hippocampal amnesia?

A

Procedural and working memory along with IQ and formal reasoning

68
Q

Progressive degeneration of the mammillary bodies, hippocampal complex, and dorsomedial thalamic nucleus leads to what?

A

Korsakoff’s syndrome

69
Q

What is seen in a patient with Korsakoff’s syndrome?

A

Unable to convert short-term memory to long-term memory

70
Q

In terms of language, patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome have a difficulty with?

A

Understanding written material and conducting meaningful conversations

71
Q

What do Korsakoff patients commonly do in terms of recalling memory?

A

Confabulate: combine fragmented memories into a synthesized memory that never happened

72
Q

What is Korsakoff’s syndrome typically caused by?

A

Thiamine deficiency typically associated with chronic alcoholism

73
Q

What is the term for distortion in a smell experience or the perception of a smell when no odor is present?

A

Phantosmia

74
Q

What can cause phantosmia?

A

Lesion of anterior/medial temporal lobe

75
Q

What causes Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A

Bilateral temporal lobe lesions that abolish amygdaloid complex

76
Q

What are some common behavior changes seen in patients with Kluver-Bucy Syndrome?

A

1) Hyperorality: Randomly examine objects by mouth
2) Hypermetamorphosis: Compulsion to intensively explore the immediate environment
3) Hypersexuality: Inappropriate sexual behavior

77
Q

What is uncal herniations?

A

Movement of the uncus downward over the edge of tentorium cerebelli

78
Q

What causes uncal herniations?

A

Hemorrhagic lesion or tumor in the hemisphere

79
Q

What are some signs of uncal herniation?

A

1) Dilated pupil, abnormal eye movements (CN III involved), and double vision ipsilateral to herniation
2) Weakness of extremities (CST involved) opposite to dilated pupil
3) Abnormal reflexes and respiration is affected as it progresses

NE Exam 3 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions