Physiology Of Pregnancy And Lactation Flashcards
What happens on day 1?
Fertilisation in ampulla
What happens days 3-5?
Transport of blastocyst into uterus
What happens days 5-8?
Blastocyst attaches to lining of uterus
In blastocyst, inner cells become what?
Embryo
In blastocyst, outer cells become what?
Placenta
By when is the blastocyst implanted?
Day 12
What is placenta derived from?
Trophoblast and decidual tissue
What does the placenta work as?
A physiological arteriovenous shunt
Adaptations to supply foetus with oxygen?
HbF have increased ability to carry oxygen
Higher Hb conc in fetal blood
Bohr effect - HbF can carry more O2 in low pCO2
What are drugs called that cross the placental barrier?
Teratogens
Give examples of teratogens
Thalidomide Carbamazepine Tetracycline Alcohol Nicotine Heroin Cocaine Caffeine
Effect of HCG during pregnancy?
Prevents involution of corpus Luteum
Effect of HCS during pregnancy?
Growth hormone like effects
Decreases insulin sensitivity in mother - more glucose for foetus
Involved In Breast development
Effect of progesterone in pregnancy?
Development of decidual cells
Decreases uterus contractility
Prep for lactation
Effect of oestrogens during pregnancy?
Enlargement of uterus
Breast development
Relaxation of ligaments
Estriol level is indicator of vitality of fetus
What is placenta derived from?
Trophoblast and decidual tissues
Does CO increase or decrease in pregnancy?
Increases 30-50% from week 6
Decreases in last 8 weeks
Increases 30% in labour
Does BP increase or decrease in pregnancy?
Decreases during second trimester
Haem changes during preganancy?
Plasma volume increases
Erythopoiesis increases
Hb decreases by dilution
Iron requirements increase
Adaptions to lower CO2 levels during preganancy?
Increase RR
Increase tidal and minute volume
Decrease pCO2
How does GFR and renal plasma flow change during preganancy?
Increase
Most significant risk factor for PET?
Having had pre-eclampsia previously
Why do you get oedema in PET?
Kidney function declines -> salt and water retention -> oedema formation
What is pre eclampsia?
Pregnancy induced hypertension and proteinuria
What is eclampsia?
Extreme pre -eclampsia
What happens in eclampsia?
Vascular spasms
Extreme hypertension
Chronic seizures
Coma
Treatment of eclampsia?
Vasodilators and Caesarean section
Average weight gain during pregnancy?
24lbs
How many extra calories are needed during pregnancy?
250-309
Oestrogens role in lactation?
Growth of ductile system
Progesterone a role in lactation ?
Development of lobule-alveolar system
Oestrogen and progesterone effect on milk production?
They both inhibit milk production
Prolactins effect on lactation?
Stimulates milk production
Properties of colostrum?
Low volume
No fat
What is the milk let down reflex?
Receptors in nipples stimulated Impulses propagated to spinal cord Stimulation of hypothalamic nuclei Oxytocin release Milk ejected
