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Repro > Menopause > Flashcards

Menopause Flashcards

1
Q

Average age for menopause?

A

52

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2
Q

What happens to oestrogen, LH, and FSH in menopause ?

A

Oestrogen decreases

LH, FSH increases

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3
Q

How long do you have to have amenorrhea for menopause to be diagnosed?

A

12 months

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4
Q

Physical Menopausal symptoms?

A 
Hot flushes
Night sweats
Palpitations 
Insomnia 
Joint aches
Headaches
Vaginal dryness
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5
Q

Physiological menopausal symptoms?

A 
Mood swings 
Irritability
Anxiety
Difficulty concentrating
Forgetfulness
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6
Q

Features of menopause?

A

Menstrual irregularity
Vast motor disturbance
Atrophy of oestrogen dependent tissues
Osteoporosis

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7
Q

What vasomotor disturbances?

A

Sweats
Palpitations
Hot flushes

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8
Q

What can vaginal dryness predispose to?

A 
Infection 
UTI
dyspareunia
Bleeding
Stress urinary incontinence
Prolapse
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9
Q

Alternative HRT management for vasomotor disturbances?

A

SSRIa - clonidine

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10
Q

Alternative management to oestrogen for vaginal dryness?

A

Lubricants

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11
Q

Alternative HRT management for osteoporosis ?

A

Calcium
Vitamin D
Bisphosphonates
Strontium

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12
Q

Management of menopause?

A

Lifestyle - diet, exercise, weight loss, caffeine

HRT

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13
Q

Treatment for vaginal dryness?

A

Oestrogen cream

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14
Q

Do you need contraception if you think you are menopausal?

A

Should use contraception for a year amenorrhoeic

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15
Q

What treatment for menorrhagia?

A

IUS - mirena
Tranexamic acid
Mefenamic acid
Progesterones

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16
Q

What type of HRT if have a uterus?

A

Combined HRT (oestrogen + progestogens)

17
Q

What type of HRT if no uterus?

A

Oestrogen only

18
Q

What type of HRT if have uterus and still having periods?

A

Cyclical combined

19
Q

What type of HRT if no more periods but still have uterus?

A

Continuous combined

20
Q

Contraindications for HRT use?

A 
Oestrogen - dependent cancer 
Previous PE
Undiagnosed PV bleeding 
Raised LFTs
Pregnancy 
Breastfeeding
21
Q

Benefits of HRT?

A

Symptom control -> better QOL
Reduced risk of osteoporotic fracture
Reduced risk of colorectal cancer

22
Q

Risks with HRT?

A

Increased risk of breast cancer
X2 risk VTE
Increased risk gallbladder disease
Increased risk endometrial cancer

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